Kuyini i-rotoscoping nokuthi siyisebenzisa kanjani?
Uma ngabe uchithe isikhashana usebenza kumavidiyo, mhlawumbe uzwile igama elithi "rotoscoping", noma "roto", kodwa incazelo yalo kungenzeka ukuthi ingacacile ngokuphelele. Ngenhlanhla, silapha. I-Rotoscoping, ngencazelo, inqubo lapho indaba ephilayo noma ephikisanayo ilandelwa khona ngaphezulu kwefreyimu eyodwa ngesikhathi ukudala ukukhishwa kwaleso sihloko, noma "i-matte", engase ihlanganiswe nesinye isizinda. Leso senzo sokwengeza isizinda esisha ngezakhi zangaphambili kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlanganisa". Sizobheka ukuhlanganiswa ngezikhathi ezithile kulezi nezinye izihloko, ngakho-ke into enhle okufanele uyiqaphele.
Kungani kuthiwa i-rotoscoping?
Igama elithi "rotoscoping" lithathwe kumshini owenzile isenzo esifana nesichaza esigabeni sokuqala. I-rotoscope yayiyisiqeshana semishini esingahlela ifomu elilodwa lefilimu yesenzo esibukhoma, ehlangene ne-easel kanye nengqikithi yesilazi esikhanyayo ukuze kuvunyelwe i-animator ukulandelela isihloko ngokubeka iphepha ngaphezulu kweglasi. Ngokulandela ngamunye ozimele kusiqeshana sefilimu, i-animator izophela nge-animation enembile kuphela yendaba abafuna ukuyenza ekuphileni.
I-rotoscope yadalwa ngo-1914 ngu-Max Fleischer, futhi isetshenziswe okokuqala ngochungechunge oluthathu oluthiwa "Out of the Inkwell". UFleischer wadala uchungechunge ukuze abonise ukuveliswa kwakhe okusha. Ukubeka i-rotoscope ekuvivinyeni kwakudinga ukubuka okubukhoma ukulandelela nokuphilisa, ngakho-ke umfowabo kaMax uDave - umdlali we-Coney Island clown - wangena ekunakekeleni ukunyakaza kwesenzo esibukhoma ku-'Umlingisi wezinhlamvu 'uKoko the Clown.
Kwakungcono kakhulu: UDave wenza phambi kwekhamera, futhi ifilimu yekhamera yabe isetshenziselwa i-easel ye-rotoscope ye-Max ukuze ilandele.
UMax ngokuhlakanipha wenza ilungelo lokusungulwa kwakhe ngo-1917, futhi umshini omangalisayo wasetshenziselwa ukudala izithombe ezinkulu ze-Hollywood ezifana ne-Snow White ne-Seven Dwarves ne-Betty Boop.
I-rotoscoping iphile ngokuphila okunempilo kusukela ekuqalisweni kukaMax kwangempela futhi isetshenziselwe kakhulu emikhiqizweni yethelevishini nesici sefilimu. Isibonelo esisodwa esimangalisayo sesici esine-rotoscoped yividiyo ye-A-Ha yomculo, "Thatha phezu kwami". Ividiyo ye-groundbreaking ifaka izibhamu ezibukeka njengezithombe ze-photorealistic, ezitholakalayo zisebenzisa inqubo ethakazelisayo ebizwa ngokuthi "ubilise" noma "i-jitter". Umphumela ubonakala ngemvelo engathandeki emigqeni yezihloko eziphathekayo.
Lo mphumela uvame ukungenzi lutho, futhi umphumela wokulandelela okungenandaba noma okungahambisani nawo, kodwa esimweni sika-A-Ha, umphumela uhlose futhi unikeza ividiyo ukubukeka kwesithonjana.
Manje, sicabangela inqubo esixoxisana ngenhla lapho uhlaka lwefilimu lulandelwa khona ukuze udale izithombe, kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ividiyo yomculo eminithi emine? "Thatha phezu kwami" uthathe amasonto angama-16 ukulandelela ama-3,000 ozimele zevidiyo yesenzo esibukhoma.
Umsindo uhamba kancane futhi unomusa? Iqiniso liyakwenza. Uzojabula ukwazi ukuthi izinto zithuthukile kakhulu.
Lezi zinsuku, iningi le-rotoscoping lwenzeka kumakhompyutha usebenzisa izinhlelo ezifana ne-Imagineer's Mocha Pro, i-Adobe After Effects, ne-Silhouette. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlelo iye yakhiwe ngamathuluzi ukuze kube lula ukwenza inqubo ye-roto.
Isibonelo esivelele kakhulu-futhi esifike ngesikhathi - somsebenzi we-rotoscoping eHollywood kungaba yizibani ezikhanyisa kumafilimu e-Star Wars. Ukwenza umphumela, abalingisi bazokwenza izimpi zabo ze-sabre chopheographed ngokusebenzisa izinti. Umculi we-rotoscope uzobe e-rotoscope ifreyimu yentambo ngohlaka, engeza umphumela wokukhanya. Umphumela wabuye wathengiswa ngomsebenzi omkhulu womphumela wokulalelwayo.
Iqiniso elimnandi mayelana ne-Star Wars IV: I-New Hope yukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ama-sabers ayenziwa ngokugqoka ibhubhu elincane elenziwe ngamapulangwe ngokubonakala okubonakalayo nokukhanyisa izibani ezikhanyayo phezulu. Abathengi bokukhiqiza beposi bazobe bangezela izihlungi nokubala, kodwa ukukhanya kwasekuqaleni kwakuvele kukhanyise induku. Jabulela!
Kungani abantu besaba i-rotoscoping?
Uma ukhuluma nomuntu osebenza ekukhiqizeni noma emva kokukhiqiza, i-rotoscoping ngokuvamile yinye yalezi zihloko ezizoletha ubuhlungu njengezinkumbulo zomkhukula wezinhlelo ezibuhlungu ezisezinqondweni zabo.
Okuyiqiniso ukuthi izithombe ezihambayo zisebenzisa ama-frames amaningi. Shoot imizuzwana eyishumi yevidiyo emafreyini angu-24 ngomzuzwana futhi unayo iphrojekthi engu-240 ye-roto project ezandleni zakho.
Ngenkathi kwenzeka ezimweni eziningi, le nqubo kuyisidingo esidingekayo, kodwa ngokuvamile umklami angagwema umsebenzi we-rotoscoping ngokusebenza ngamashothi aphethwe ngokucophelela esibukweni. Isofthiwe enamandla ingabonisa umbala wesibuko bese isusa, idala i-matte isikhathi sokudubula, isindise ukuba udale ifreyimu eyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ngakho-ke abaqambi badinga nini?
Ngisho nasemisebenzini engcono kakhulu nabaqeqeshi bokugcina, izinto zingenzeka. Enye inkinga engaba khona lapho ingalo yomdlali, umlenze noma enye ingxenye yomzimba ihamba ngaphandle kwesikrini esiluhlaza noma esibomvu. Ukudala i-matte ehlanzekile, ukhetho olulodwa luyoba i-rotoscope ngaphandle komkhawulo ophuthumayo bese usebenzisa isofthiwe ukwenza wonke umsebenzi. Ezimweni eziningi, kufanele kube nemizuzwana embalwa nje kuphela ngenkinga, kodwa uma umqondisi enganaki lokhu kungaba inkinga enkulu.
Kwesinye isikhathi, uma umqondisi engenasici kodwa ithimba elibekiwe alizange lifake kahle isikrini somhlaza noma likhanyise kahle into, i-roto ingaba nengxenye ekuthumeni kokuthunyelwa. Izizinda ezisekelwe ezenziwe ngendwangu zingabonakala, zakha izithunzi ukuthi isofthiwe ngeke isuse, futhi ukukhanya okungalungile kungenza okufanayo. Kulesi simo, ngisho nokudubula okumele kube ukuphefumula ukusebenzisana nakho kungadala ubusuku obunzima.
Yiqiniso, kukhona umehluko phakathi kokusebenzisa isofthiwe ukususa isikrini somhlaza kanye nokubhala nge-rotoscoping ngendaba. Uma isofthiwe isakaze i-matte izosusa ama-pixels afana nemigomo ebekwe ngumklami ku- "ukhiye" ngaphandle kwesikrini esiluhlaza noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nanoma yini enye. I-rotoscoping ngesandla iholela emaphethelweni akhuni, njengoba sizobe sigxila umugqa oqondile. Imiphumela ingezwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze unciphise imigqa futhi ifanise indaba engemuva, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela umehluko.
Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu
Ekupheleni kosuku, i-rotoscoping yilokho esikukhulume ngakho: ukusika isihloko esihlokweni ngasinye sevidyo. Nakuba lokho kuqondile, kunamasu azokwenza ukuphila kube lula futhi ulethe imiphumela engcono yokuphela.
Ukuqala, kunokumane ukhethe uhlaka oluhleliwe esiqesheni bese ulandela ikhanda nomzimba wendaba ngethuluzi lokubhala (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukudala "imaski"), unikeza iphrojekthi ucabange ngaphambi kokukhetha noma yini. Kuye ngokunyakaza noma ukunyakaza kwalesi sifundo, amaphuzu wokulandelela angashintsha kakhulu kakhulu phakathi nobude besiqeshana.
Kuzosebenza ngokumane ukhethe uhlaka lwendaba yonke, kodwa uma ukunyakaza, kusho, ukuhamba, izingxenye zomzimba zizodlula phambili nangemuva komunye nomunye, futhi izingxenye eziningi zomzimba ziyogoba, zidibanise futhi zihambe.
Kunalokho cabanga ngokucophelela ukuthi umzimba uzohamba kanjani, bese uzama ukubheka umzimba njengento encane yezimo eziyisisekelo. Manje esikhundleni sokudala i-mask eyodwa enkulu, sebenzisa ama-masks amaningi ezingxenyeni zomzimba, kuhlanganise namaski ahlukene ngamalungu. Njengoba isihloko sihamba kusuka kuhlaka kuya kwesakhiwo, uzoba nomsebenzi omuhle wokwakha amaski ukuze uphinde ubeke kabusha futhi ubheke.
Abaculi abaningi bazobeka imaski yabo ngokwezigaba zabo, bahlukaniswe nombhalo ukuze bavulwe futhi bavaliwe ngaphandle kokuthinta ungqimba wevidiyo. Kuye ngesofthiwe oyikhethayo kungenzeka kube inketho.
Yiqiniso, enye ye-onus yokwenza iphrojekthi ye-roto kufanele iwele kumculi we-roto. Uyazi. Wena.
Ukuthola imiyalelo ecacile okuzosetshenziswa ngayo izingxenye zemibuzo ingalondoloza amathani omsebenzi we-roto. Uma unemizuzwana engu-25 emidwebo kuma-ozimele angu-30 ngomzuzwana, kodwa iphrojekthi idinga kuphela imizuzwana emine yesiqeshana, cela ukuthi yimiphi imizuzwana emine edinga ukukhishwa. Ukuphakamisa ama-120 noma ama-frame ozimele kungcono kunezingu-750 zazo.
Kufanele kube nendlela elula ...
Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, iqembu elimangalisayo ngemuva kwe-Effects e-Adobe lakhiwe ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi i- "Rotobrush" ngomzamo wokwenza i-rotoscoping ibe lula. Umqondo wukuthi umklami we-After Effects unethuluzi lokusebenzisa elifanayo nethuluzi "Okukhethwa Kokushesha" ku-Photoshop ukulandelela isihloko. Ithuluzi lingakhetha noma yikuphi okushiwo ngandlela-thile kusuka emlandweni futhi lingasetshenziswa ukuze lithole izihloko ngokunembile. Uma ithuluzi selibambe le ndaba, lingakwazi ukulandelela phambili futhi libuyele emuva ngemidwebo futhi ithuluzi lizoshintsha ukugcina isihloko esikhethiwe kulo lonke isiqeshana. Akusebenzi njalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa, njenganoma yimuphi umsebenzi we-rotoscoping, kunezinqubo ezinhle kakhulu.
Noma kunjalo, uma ungawenza ukuthi isebenze iphrojekthi yakho ingakusiza amahora amaningi.
Ufuna ukufunda kabanzi?
Njengoba ukhona isikhathi eside njengoba unayo, kunolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana ne-rotoscoping nokuthi ungaqala kanjani, kodwa indlela engcono kakhulu yokuyifunda ukuthola ukufundiswa futhi uthole izandla zakho zingcolile ngokwenza ngempela. Khetha isici se-software (Ngincoma i-Adobe Ngemuva kwe-Effects) futhi ubuka i-lynda.com noma i-YouTube yezifundo ezilula. Kungase kudingeke ukudubula imidwebo embalwa ukuze uvivinye nayo, kodwa ukwenza ukuzikhandla okukhulu kuzokunika ukuqonda ngezindlela zenqubo nokuzethemba okuqhubeka phambili.
I-rotoscoping ejabulisayo!