Inzwa yesithombe se-CMOS wuhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokuzwa kwesithombe ngaphakathi kwamakhamera amancane, okuhlanganisa isifunda esihlanganisiwe esibhala isithombe. Ungacabanga ngesenenja yesithombe njengokufana nefilimu ku-khamera yefilimu endala.
Inzwa yensimbi ye-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) iqukethe izigidi zamenenja ye-pixel , ngayinye ehlanganisa i-photodetector. Njengoba ukukhanya kungena ikhamera ngokusebenzisa lens, kuhlasela inzwa yesithombe se-CMOS, okwenza i-photodetector ngayinye iqoqe ishaja kagesi ngokususelwa ekukhanyeni okuyihlasela. Ikhamera yedijithali ibuye iguqule ukukhokha ekufundeni kwedijithali, okuyinto enquma amandla okukhanya okulinganiselwe ku-photodetector ngayinye, kanye nombala. Isofthiwe esetshenziselwa ukubonisa izithombe iguqula lezo zifundo kumaphikseli athile abenza isithombe uma siboniswa ndawonye.
I-CMOS Vs. I-CCD
I-CMOS isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile obuvela ku-CCD, okunye uhlobo lwenzwa yesithombe olutholakala kumakhamera adijithali. Amakhamera amaningi edijithali asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-CMOS kunoCCD, ngoba izinzwa zesikrini se-CMOS zisebenzisa amandla amancane futhi zingadlulisa idatha ngokushesha kunokwama-CCD. Ama-sensor image we-CMOS ajwayele ukubiza okungaphezulu kwe-CCD.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zamakhamera zedijithali, amabhethri ayekhudlwana ngenxa yokuthi amakhamera ayekhudlwana, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphakama kwe-CCD akukona ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Kodwa njengoba amakhamera edijithali ehla ngesayizi, edinga amabhethri amancane, i-CMOS yaba yindlela engcono.
Futhi njengoba izinzwa zesithombe ziye zabonakala zikhula ngokuphindaphindiwe kwinombolo yamaphikseli, irekhodi le-CMOS sensor image ukuhambisa idatha ngokushesha kwi-chip nakwezinye izingxenye zekhamera ngokucubungula i-CCD seliba yigugu kakhulu.
Izinzuzo ze-CMOS
Enye indawo lapho i-CMOS inenzuzo ngaphezulu kwamanye ubuchwepheshe besinzwa sithombe imise imisebenzi ekwazi ukuyenza ku-chip, kunokuba ithumele idatha yesinzwa yesithombe kwi-firmware yekhamera noma isofthiwe yemisebenzi ethile yokucubungula. Isibonelo, inzwa yesithombe se-CMOS ingenza amakhono okunciphisa umsindo ngokuqondile kwi-chip, okugcina isikhathi lapho idlulisa idatha ngaphakathi kwekhamera. I-sensor yesithombe se-CMOS nayo izokwenza i-analog kuya kwezinqubo zokuguqulwa kwedijithali ku-chip, ezinye izinzwa ze-CCD zesithombe azikwazi ukwenza. Amanye amakhamera azokwenza ngisho nomsebenzi we-autofocus kusithombeni sesithombe se-CMOS, futhi esithuthukisa ukusebenza komklamo jikelele wekhamera.
Ukuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo ku-CMOS
Njengoba abakhiqizi bekhamera baye bathuthela okuningi ekubhekisweni kobuchwepheshe be-CMOS kumakhamera, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luye kwezobuchwepheshe, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni okunamandla. Isibonelo, ngenkathi izinzwa ze-CCD zesithombe zisetshenziselwa ukwedlula ukwakhiwa kwe-CMOS, ucwaningo olwengeziwe olugxila kumazwi we-CMOS wesithombe uye wavumela izindleko ze-CMOS ukuba ziqhubeke ukuwa.
Enye indawo lapho ukugcizelela kulolu cwaningo kuye kwazuza i-CMOS kubuchwepheshe bokukhanya obuphansi. Izitho zithombe ze-CMOS ziyaqhubeka zibonisa ukuthuthuka ekukhoneni kwabo ukurekhoda izithombe ngemiphumela ehloniphekile ku-photography ephansi yokukhanya. Amandla okunciphisa umsindo we-on-chip we-CMOS uye wanda ngokuqhubekayo eminyakeni yamuva, ekuthuthukiseni phambili ikhono le-CMOS sensor image ukwenza kahle ekukhanyeni okuphansi.
Okunye ukuthuthukiswa kwamuva ku-CMOS kwakungeniswa kokubuyiselwa ubuchwepheshe be-image sensor emuva, lapho izintambo ezithutha idatha kusukela kwisitho yesithombe kuya ekhamera zithunywe ukusuka ngaphambili kwesikrini sesithombe - lapho zivimbela khona ukukhanya okushaya inzwa - - ngemuva, okwenza inzwa yesithombe se-CMOS ikwazi ukwenza kangcono ekukhanyeni okuphansi, kuyilapho igcina ikhono le-chip ukuhambisa idatha ngesivinini esiphezulu esiphambene nezinzwa zesithombe se-CCD.