Ukusebenzisa Amasu Ezezimali ukuze Uqiniseke I-Aquisition ye-IT Asset
Ukuqinisekisa ukutshalwa kwezimali IT kuyisici esibucayi kunoma ubani osebenza kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngenkathi izinqumo eziningi zokutshala izimali ze-IT zizokwenziwa ngabaholi enhlanganweni ye-IT, ngokuvamile iziphakamiso zezinto ezintsha noma amasevisi zizovela kubasebenzi be-IT. Kubalulekile ukuqonda i-terminology namasu ayisisekelo ekwenzeni icala lokutshala imali emshinini omusha. Kuyinto eyodwa yokucela ukufaka esikhundleni sesofthiwe yesipiliyoni sakho sosizo. Cishe uzozwa, "sizobuka lokho - blah blah blah". Ngaphandle kwalokho, tshela into efana "ukufaka isofthiwe yesipiliyoni sosizo lwethu kuzosindisa i-IT $ 35,000 ngonyaka futhi iyozikhokhela eminyakeni emi-3", uzothola impendulo enhle kakhulu ekulawuleni kwakho kwe-IT. Ngiyakwazi ukukuqinisekisa ngalokho.
Lesi sihloko sizokunika amakhono ayisisekelo okudingekayo ukuze uhlaziye futhi udale ukulinganisa kokutshalwa kwe-IT ehlongozwayo. Udinga ukuqonda okuyisisekelo ngaphambi kokuthatha ukujula okujulile kulezi zindlela zezezimali. Hlola izihloko zesikhathi esizayo lapho ngizohlinzeka khona ngamasu okuhlaziya okuthuthukisiwe okuzoqinisekisa ukutshalwa kwe-IT kumishini noma isevisi.
Isisekelo se-IT Basic Basic Investment Terminology
Izindleko zezindleko (CAPEX): Isikhulu sisho igama elisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa ukuthenga okunomsebenzi owusizo ongaphezu konyaka. Isibonelo, lapho inkampani ithengela i-laptop nge-employee, kulindeleke ukuthi i-laptop izohlala iminyaka engu-3 noma engu-4. Ababhali bezimali bafuna lolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-IT ukuze lukhokhwe ngaleyo nkathi esikhundleni sokuhlawuliswa ngonyaka owathengiwe. Inkampani ngokuvamile inezinqubomgomo zokuphila okuwusizo kwemishini kanye nesilinganiso esincane sama dollar ngenkokhelo enkulu. Isibonelo, ikhibhodi ebiza u-$ 50 ngeke ibhekwe njengenhloko.
Ukuncipha kwenani: Ukunciphisa ngokwezimali kuyindlela esetshenziselwa ukusakaza izindleko zokutshala izimali ze-IT ngaphezu kokuphila okuwusizo kokuthenga. Isibonelo, cabanga ukuthi inqubomgomo yokubheka inzuzo isebenzisa ukwehla kwenamba eqondile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwehla kwezimali kuzoba okufanayo njalo ngonyaka. Ake sithi uthenge iseva entsha ngama $ 3,000 ngempilo elindelekile yeminyaka engu-3. Ukunciphisa imali kulokho kutshalwa kwe-IT kuyoba ngu-$ 1,000 ngonyaka iminyaka emithathu. Ukunciphisa lokho.
I-Cash Flow: Ukugeleza kwekhashi ukunyakaza kwezimali nokuphuma kwebhizinisi. Udinga ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwemali nezinto ezingekho ukheshi. Ngokuvamile, imali isetshenziselwa ukubala ukubaluleka kokutshalwa kwe-IT. Ukuncishiswa kwemali kuyinkokhelo engekho emali okusho ukuthi ifa eliyisisekelo selikhokhelwe kakade kodwa usakaze izindleko phezu kwempilo yefa. Ukuthengwa kwangempela kokutshalwa kwe-IT kungacatshangwa ukuphuma kwemali lapho kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa kwezezimali.
Isaphulelo sokulinganisa : Lesi isilinganiso esetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa ukuze kulandelwe ukuthi idola namhlanje libiza ngaphezulu idoli eminyakeni emihlanu noma eyishumi. Ukusebenzisa isilinganiso sesaphulelo ekuhlaziyweni kwe-IT ukutshalwa kwezimali kuyindlela yokuchaza ama-dollar ezayo ngemali yamanje. Isilinganiso sesaphulelo ngokwayo sihloselwe ezincwadini eziningi zombhalo. Uma udinga isaphulelo esinembile kakhulu sesaphulelo kwenkampani yakho, xhumana nomnyango wakho we-accounting. Uma kungenjalo sizosebenzisa into enjenge-10% emele ukwehla kwamanani emali kanye nesilinganiso inkampani engakwazi ukuyithola ngemali engasetshenzisiwe kudivayisi yakho ye-IT. Kuyinto efana nezindleko zesikhathi.
Amasu okuHlelwa kwezimali zokuTyala
Kunezindlela eziningi zokusiza ekuhloleni izimali ze-IT (inhloko). Kuncike ekutheni uhlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali olwenziweyo nokuvuthwa kwenhlangano ye-IT ekuhloleni ukuthenga imali. Ubukhulu benhlangano bungadlala indima. Kodwa khumbula lokhu into engathathi isikhathi esiningi futhi noma ngabe usebenzela inhlangano encane kuya ephakathi, lo mzamo uzokwaziswa.
Kulesi sihloko, sizobuka amasu amabili okutshala izimali ze-IT. Ngingakukhuthaza ukuba usebenzise kokubili lapho bebonke bezitshela isithombe esiphelele sezinga le-IT ehlongozwayo yokutshala izimali.
- Value Present Present
- Isikhathi sokukhokha
Value Present Present (NPV)
Value Present Present inguquko yezezimali ebeka uchungechunge lwezikhawu zokuhamba kwemali esikhathini esithile futhi isaphulelo ngasinye kuze kube manje. I-Value Present Value ibheka ukubaluleka kwesikhathi semali. Kuyinto evamile ukubheka ukungena kwemali kanye nokuphuma kwemali ngaphezu kwesikhathi seminyaka engu-3 kuya ku-5 bese usulela ukwehla kwenetha ngaphandle kokuphuma kwenetha ibe yindleko eyodwa. Uma inombolo inhle, khona-ke iphrojekthi ingeza inzuzo enhlanganweni futhi uma i-NPV ingalungile, izoba yinani eliphansi lenhlangano. Amandla langempela we-NPV ukuhlaziywa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimali ze-IT. I-NPV inikeza inani elilinganiselwe lezinhlelo zokutshalwa kwe-IT kanye ne-NPV ephakeme kakhulu ethathwa ngalezinye izindlela.
Ingxenye enzima yokubalwa kwe-Net Present Value yizinombolo zangempela ozisebenzisayo ekuhlaziyweni. Ehlangothini lokuphuma kwe-equation, ungasebenzisa izindleko eziphelele zokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezindleko zokugcinwa nezindleko zokuqalisa. Uhlangothi lwe-inflow lungaba nzima ukuthola. Uma ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-IT kudala imali eyengeziwe, lokhu kuqondile ngokuqondile futhi ungasebenzisa lezi zinombolo ekuhlaziyweni kwakho. Lapho i-inflows (noma izinzuzo) ehlangothini elithambile lisho ukuthi zizithoba kakhulu njengokulondoloza ngesikhathi, kunzima kakhulu ukulinganisa.
Okungcono kakhulu ongakwenza ukuthi ubhale phansi imibono bese uhamba nesisu sakho. Ake sithathe isibonelo lapho wenza ukutshalwa kwe-IT kwiphakheji yesofthiwe yesiphathi sosizo. Inzuzo yalowo utshalomali yisikhathi esilondolozwe ngabasebenzi be-IT futhi mhlawumbe ukwaneliseka okwandayo kumphakathi womsebenzisi. Uma ushintsha iphakheji lesofthiwe yesiphakamiso sosizo, ungase futhi ulondoloze imali kusondlo kusuka kuleso simiso. Udinga ukuphula ukwehla nokuphuma ukuze uhlaziye ukuhlaziywa kwe-Net Present Value (NPV) kwesicelo sakho sokutshala izimali ze-IT.
I-Inflows: I-inflows noma izinzuzo ezibangelwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-IT zingaba yizicathulo futhi zingabi ngokuqondile. Izikhathi eziningi, ukuhlomula kwe-IT utshalomali kulondoloza ngesikhathi, ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende noma ezinye izinombolo "ezithambile". Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinzuzo.
- Izindleko zokulondolozwa ezilondoloziwe kusuka kwisofthiwe yomhlalaphansi
- Isikhathi esilondolozwe ngabasebenzi be-IT ngenxa yokwanda komsebenzi
- Imali engenayo
Imifula: Imifula ngokuvamile ilula ukulinganisa kodwa ezinye zingase zizithobe. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezingeniso.
- Izindleko zesofthiwe (izimali zelayisensi, njll)
- Isondlo
- Izindleko zokufaka ngaphandle
Lesi sithombe esikhulu sikhombisa ukuhlaziywa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-IT kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwe-Net Present Value (NPV). I-Excel yenza lolu hlobo lokuhlaziywa lulula ngempela. Ibuye inomsebenzi wokubala i-NPV. Njengoba ungabona kusukela esithombeni, ngibeke ukuphuma nokuphuma kweminyaka bese kubalwa i-NPV esekelwe kwisaphulelo sesaphulelo se-10%.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-NPV: Isitoreji se-IT sokutshala (isithombe esikhulu)
Isikhathi sokukhokha
Umphumela wokuhlaziywa kwe-Payback Period ubonisa ukuthi ukutshala kwe-IT kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukubuyisela izindleko zokutshala izimali. Ngokuvamile kukhulunywa eminyakeni kodwa lokhu kuxhomeke ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuhlaziywa. Isikhathi sokukhokha singase sibe isibalo esilula kodwa kuphela ngesethi elula kakhulu yokucabanga. Nansi ifomula yokubala Isikhathi sokukhokha ekutshalweni kwe-IT. Ngokuvamile, okufishane i-Payback Period inengozi encane yokutshalwa kwe-IT.
[Izindleko ze-IT Investment] / [Imali Yonyaka Yonke Evela IT Investment]
Ake sibheke isimo lapho uthenga khona isofthiwe ye-e-commerce ye $ 100,000. Cabanga ukuthi le nxenye yesofthiwe yandisa inzuzo nge $ 35,000 ngonyaka. Ukubalwa kwePeriod Period kungaba ngu-$ 100,000 / $ 35,000 = iminyaka engu-2.86. Ngakho-ke, lolu utshalomali luzozikhokhela eminyakeni emibili nezinyanga ezingu-10.
Kunomphumela omkhulu wokubala Isikhathi sokukhokha usebenzisa isethi esilula sezindinganiso. Akunakwenzeka neze ukuthi imali engenayo evela ekutheni utshalomali lwe-IT empeleni ifike ngokulinganayo esikhathini esengeziwe. Kungcono kakhulu ukuthi kusakaze imali engenayo. Kulesi simo, kufanele ubheke ukukhushulwa kwonyaka okwenziwe ngemali engenayo kuze kube yilapho ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqala kwe-IT "kukhokhwelwa".
Cabanga ngesibonelo esifanayo esivela ngenhla. Ake sicabange ukuthi ngonyaka we-1, ukwanda kwenani lentengo evela kwi-IT utshalomali ngu-$ 17,000. Eminyakeni engu-2, 3, 4 no-5 kuyi-$ 29,000, i-$ 45,000, i-$ 51,000 ne-$ 33,000 ngokulandelana. Ngenkathi lokhu kukhula okwenyuka ngonyaka wezimali ezingama $ 35,000, i-Payback Period ihlukile ngenxa yemali engenayo engenayo eyenziwe kulokhu kutshalwa kwezimali. Isikhathi sokukhokha kulesi sibonelo empeleni sibe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-3 eyinde kunokubala kokuqala usebenzisa isilinganiso. Uma ubheka ukukhuphuka okukwenyuka kwemali engenayo, ungabona uma ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangempela kuhlanganiswa. Kulesi sibonelo, thola lapho izindleko zokutshala kwe-IT ($ 100,000) zimbozwa khona. Ungabona ukuthi kwenzeka phakathi konyaka wesi-3 no-4.
Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kumholo:
- Unyaka 1 - $ 17,000
- Unyaka wesi-2 - $ 46,000
- Unyaka wesi-3 - $ 91,000
- Unyaka wesi-4 - $ 142,000
- Unyaka wesi-5 - $ 175,000
Bheka isampuli lesisampuli se-IT sampula se-Excel sefomula yefomula eningiliziwe yokubala Isikhathi sokukhokha.
I-IT Investment Proposal
Nakuba izibalo zibalulekile ekuhlaziyweni kwe-IT utshalomali, akuyona into. Ngincoma ngokuqinile ukuthi ubeke ndawonye isiphakamiso kunokushicilela isipredishithi sakho noma ukuthumela i-imeyili ngemiphumela. Cabanga nge-CFO yakho njengezethameli lapho uhlanganisa isiphakamiso. Ekugcineni, uma kungase kuphele etafuleni lakhe noma kunjalo.
Ngingancoma ukuba uqale isiphakamiso ngesifinyeto esifushane se-IT yokutshalwa kwezimali (imali eningi) oyiphakamisayo olandelwa isifinyeto esifushane emazwini emiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwakho (kanye nokubala okufingqiwe). Okokugcina, faka ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwespredishithi futhi unesiphakamiso esihle sokuthi umphathi wakho uyakwazisa.
Iphakethe lakho lesiphakamiso sokutshala izimali ze-IT lingase lifake:
- Isifingqo: isigaba noma ezimbili okufingqa ukutshalwa kwe-IT oyiphakamisayo.
- Ukulungiswa: isigaba noma ezimbili ukufingqa imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwakho kanye nekhono oyisebenzisayo (faka ithebula lesifinyeto)
- Ukuphrinta: ukuphrinta okuhlanzekile kwespredishithi se-Excel kubonisa ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe
Ispredishithi yesampula ye-Excel
Isipredishithi se-Excel sineziqephu ezingu-3 ezibandakanya:
- Isifingqo
- I-Value Present Value (NPV) Ukubalwa
- Ukubalwa kwe-Payback
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezimali ze-IT - Excel 97-2003 Version
Uma unemibuzo ephathelene nokulungiswa kwezimali ze-IT, ngishiye i-imeyili noma ngithumele ku-New Tech Forum.