Kuyini i-Nanometer?

Ukusikisela: Imishini encane kakhulu isebenzisa

I-nanometer (nm) iyunithi yobude ohlelweni lwe-metric, elilingana nesigidi esisodwa semitha (1 x 10-9 m). Kungenzeka ukuthi abaningi baye bakuzwa ngaphambilini-kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nanotechnology kanye nokudala noma ukutadisha izinto ezincane kakhulu. I-nanometer ngokusobala incane kunamitha, kodwa kungenzeka uzibuze ukuthi ingakanani? Noma, yiziphi izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe noma imikhiqizo yomhlaba wangempela esebenza kulesi sizinga se-nanoscopic?

Noma, ukuthi lihlobene kanjani nezinye izilinganiso zamatride ubude?

Indlela encane ngayo i-Nanometer?

Izilinganiso zametrikhi zisekelwe kumitha. Hlola noma yikuphi umbusi noma itekisi yokulinganisa, futhi ungabona amanani ambalwa amamitha, amentimitha, namamitha. Ngepensela yomshini nesandla esizinzile, akulula ukudweba imigqa eyodwa imitha eyodwa. Manje cabanga ukuzama ukulinganisa imigqa eyizigidi ezilinganayo ngaphakathi kwesikhala se-millimeter- lokho kuyi-nanometer. Ukwenza leyo migqa kuyodingeka imishini ekhethekile kusukela:

• I- nanometer (nm) incane kuney ..

• i-micrometer (μm), encane kune-..

• i-millimeter (mm), encane kune-..

• isentimitha (cm), encane kune-..

• i-decimeter (dm), encane kune-..

• imitha (m)

Ngaphandle kokusizwa kwanoma yimaphi amathuluzi (isib. Ukukhulisa izibuko, ama-microscopes), iso elivamile lomuntu (isib. Umbono ovamile) uyakwazi ukubona izinto ngabanye cishe cishe ngamakhulu amabili ubukhulu bomamitha ububanzi, obulingana namamitha ayi-20.

Ukuze unike ubungakanani bama-micrometer angu-20 umongo othile, bheka ukuthi ungathola yini ukotini owodwa / i-acrylic fiber ephuma ngaphandle kwe-sweater (ukuyibeka ngokumelene nomthombo wokukhanya uzosiza kakhulu) noma ifinyelele emoyeni njengothuli. Noma funda isihlabathi esihle esandleni sakho ukuze uthole okuncane kakhulu, okusanhlamvu okungaqondakali.

Uma lezo zinzima kakhulu, zibheke izinwele zabantu esikhundleni, ezivela kumakhamitha angu-18 (kahle kakhulu) kuya kuma-micrometer angu-180 (kakhulu kakhulu) ububanzi.

Futhi konke okuyizinga le-micrometer kuphela - izinto ze-nanometer ezincane ziyizinkulungwane eziningana izikhathi eziningana!

Ama-athomu namaseli

I-nanoscale ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ubukhulu phakathi kwe-nanometer eyodwa no-100, ehlanganisa konke kusuka kuma-atomic kuya kumazinga weselula. Amagciwane avela kuma-nanometer angu-50 no-200 ngesayizi. Ubuningi obuphakathi kwesibalo sekhanda luphakathi kwama-nanometer angu-6 namanometer angu-10. I-helix ye-DNA inama-nanometer angu-2 ububanzi, futhi i-carbon nanotubes ingaba mncane njenge-nanometer ayi-1 ububanzi.

Njengoba kunikezwe lezo zibonelo, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi idinga imishini ephezulu enezimboni (isib. Ukuskena ama-microscopes) ukuxhumana nabo (isib. Isithombe, isilinganiso, imodeli, ukuphatha, nokukhiqiza) izinto ngezinga le-nanoscopic. Futhi kukhona abantu abenza lokhu nsuku zonke emasimini afana nalokhu:

• I-Chemistry

• Biology

• I-physics

• Izinto zokwaziswa zesayensi

• Ubunjiniyela

• Ubuchwepheshe

Kunezibonelo eziningi zemikhiqizo yanamuhla eyenziwe esikalini se-nanometer. Iminye imithi encane yenzelwe ukukwazi ukuletha izidakamizwa kumaseli athile. Amakhemikhali wamanje anama-synthetic akhiqizwa yinqubo eyenza ama-molecule anembile ye-nanometer.

I-nanotubes ye-carbon isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezishisayo nezigesi zemikhiqizo. Futhi i-Samsung Galaxy S8 smartphone kanye ne- Apple iPad Pro tablet (yesibili-gen) bobabili abacubungula ama-processor aklanyelwe ku-10 nm.

Ikusasa linokuningi okusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zesayensi nesayensi kwezobuchwepheshe be-nanometer. Noma kunjalo, i-nanometer ayiyona isilinganiso esincane kunazo zonke ezungeze! Hlola ithebula elingezansi ukuze ubone ukuthi lifanani.

Ithebula leMethrikhi