I-Digital Audio namaGreyidi Uma ifika ku-Audio Playback ku-PC
I-computer yomsindo ingenye yezici ezithandwayo kakhulu zokuthengwa kwekhompyutha. Ngolwazi oluthile oluvela kubakhiqizi, abasebenzisi bakunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi okutholayo. Esigabeni sokuqala salolu chungechunge lwezihloko, sibheka izisekelo zomsindo wedijithali futhi imininingwane ingabhalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizobheka izindinganiso ezimbalwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izingxenye.
Umsindo weDivaysi
Wonke umsindo oqoshiwe noma odlalwa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwekhomputha yedijithali, kodwa wonke umsindo odlalwa ohlelweni lwesiphakamiso u-analog. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokurekhoda kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ikhono lamaphrosesa aphilile.
I-analog yomsindo isebenzisa isilinganiso esilinganiselwe sokwaziswa ukuze uzame futhi ubuyekeze kahle ama-waves wangempela omsindo avela kumthombo. Lokhu kungaveza ukurekhoda okunembile kakhulu, kodwa lokhu okurekhoda kwehlisa phakathi kokuxhumana nezizukulwane zokurekhoda. Ukurekhoda kwe-Digital kuthatha amasampula wamagagasi omsindo futhi urekhode njengechungechunge lwezinkinobho (eziyi-zeros) ezingcono kakhulu ezilinganiselwe iphethini lokuzungeza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhwalithi yokurekhoda kwedijithali izohluka ngokusekelwe kumabikithi nama-sampuli asetshenziselwe ukurekhoda, kodwa ukulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi kungaphansi kakhulu kwemishini kanye nezizukulwane zokuqopha.
Amabhitimu namaSampuli
Uma ubheka izinqubo ezizwakalayo ngisho nokuqoshwa kwedijithali, imigomo ye-bits ne-KHz izovame ukuvela. Le migomo emibili ibhekisela kwisilinganiso sesampula kanye nencazelo yomsindo ukuthi ukurekhoda kwedijithali kungaba nakho. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa umsindo wezedijithali wezohwebo: 16-bit 44KHz for Audio CD, 16-bit 96KHz for DVD kanye 24-bit 192KHz for DVD-Audio kanye Blu-ray.
Ukujula kancane kubhekisela kwinani lezinkinobho ezisetshenziselwa ukurekhoda ukucacisa ukuphakama kwengqamuzana yomsindo esampula ngayinye. Ngakho-ke, izinga elincane le-16-bit lingavumela amazinga angu-65,536 kanti i-24-bit ivumela izigidi ezingu-16.7. Isilinganiso sesampula sinquma inani lamaphoyinti eduze kwesikhala somsindo esampuliwe esikhathini esithile sesibili. Okukhulu kakhulu inani lamasampuli, ukusondelana kwe-digital kuzokuthi kube ngomsindo we-analog sound.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula lapha ukuthi izinga lesampula lihlukile kune-bitrate. I-Bitrate ibhekisela kunani eliphelele lemininingwane elenziwe efayeleni ngomzuzwana. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, izinombolo zezinkinobho zanda ngesilinganiso sesampula bese ziguqulwa zibe yi-bytes ngesisekelo sesiteshi ngasinye. Isibalo, okungukuthi (amabhidi * isampuli rate * iziteshi) / 8 . Ngakho-ke, i-CD-audio eline-stereo noma isiteshi ezimbili kungaba:
(Ama-16 bits * 44000 ngomzuzwana * 2) / 8 = 192000 bps isiteshi noma i-bit2 19bkps
Ngalokhu kuqonda jikelele, yikuphi okufanele umuntu abuke lapho ehlola imininingwane yeprosesa yomsindo? Ngokuvamile, kungcono ukubuka umuntu okwazi ukulinganisa ama-sampula angu-16-bit angu-96KHz. Lona izinga lomsindo osetshenziselwa iziteshi zomsindo ezizungezile ezingu-5.1 kwi-DVD nakuma-Blu-ray movie. Kulabo abafuna incazelo ezwakalayo yokulalelwayo, izisombululo ezintsha ezingu-24-bit 192KHz zinikeza ikhwalithi yomsindo omkhulu.
Ukulinganiswa kokuSigneza kuya kokuShawula
Esinye isici sezingxenye zomsindo abasebenzisi abazobhekana nazo yi- Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) . Leli nani elimelelwe ama-decibel (dB) ukuchaza isilinganiso sesignali yomsindo uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga omsindo akhiqizwa ingxenye yomsindo. Ukuphakama kwesilinganiso seSignal-to-Noise, ngcono ikhwalithi yomsindo. Umuntu ovamile ngokuvamile akakwazi ukuhlukanisa lo msindo uma i-SNR ingaphezu kwe-90dB.
Amazinga
Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamazinga uma kuziwa kokulalelwayo. Ekuqaleni, kwakukhona izinga le-AC'97 lomsindo olwenziwe i-Intel njengendlela yokwesekwa okulinganiselwe ukwesekwa komsindo we-16-bit 96KHz kweziteshi eziyisithupha ezidingekayo ku-DVD 5.1 ukwesekwa komsindo umsindo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwaba nentuthuko entsha ekubongeni komsindo kumafomethi evidiyo encazelo ephezulu njenge-Blu-ray. Ukusekela lezi, izinga elisha le-Intel HDA lakhiwe. Lokhu kwandisa ukwesekwa kwelalelwayo iziteshi ezingu-8 ze-30-bit 192KHz ezidingekayo ukuze uthole ukusekelwa kwe-7.1. Manje, lokhu kuyimodeli ye-hardware ye-Intel esekelwe kodwa i-AMD yehadiwe kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-7.1 ukwesekwa kwezwi ingaphinde ifinyelele emazingeni afanayo.
Enye izinga elidala elingase libhekiswe kuyo lihambisana ne-16-bit Sound Blaster. I-Sound Blaster iyinhlangano yamakhadi alalelwayo adalwe yi-Creative Labs. I-Sound Blaster 16 ingenye yamakhadi omsindo wokuqala okuqala ukusekela izinga lokulinganisa lika-16-bit 44KHz lomsindo wekhompyutha yekhwalithi ye-CD-Audio. Le namba ingaphansi kwezinga elisha futhi alitholakali futhi.
I-EAX noma i-Environmental Audio Extensions yinye indinganiso eyenziwe yi-Creative Labs. Esikhundleni sefomethi ethize yomsindo, kuyisethi yezandiso zesofthiwe ezishintsha umsindo ukuze uphinde uphendule imiphumela yezindawo ezithile. Isibonelo, umsindo odlalwa kwikhompyutha ingahle uklanyelwe ukuzwakala sengathi udlalwa emhumeni onama-echoes amaningi. Ukusekela lokhu kungahle kube khona kwi-software noma i-hardware. Uma ihunyushwa kwi-hardware, isebenzisa imijikelezo embalwa esuka ku-CPU.
Isimo ne- EAX sasiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows kusukela ku-Vista . Okuyisisekelo, iMicrosoft ishintshile kakhulu ukusekelwa komsindo kusukela kwi-hardware kuya eceleni kwesofthiwe ukuze ube nezinga eliphakeme lokuphepha ohlelweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imidlalo eminingi ephethe i-EAX audio kwi-hardware manje isingathwa yizingxenye zesofthiwe kunalokho. Okuningi kwalokhu kuhanjiswe yizinhlelo ze-software kubashayeli namageyimu kodwa kunezinye imidlalo ezindala ezingeke zisakwazi ukusebenzisa imiphumela ye-EAX. Okuyisisekelo, konke kuhanjiswe kumazinga we-OpenAL okwenza u-EAX kubaluleke kakhulu emidlalweni yefa.
Okokugcina, imikhiqizo ethile ingathatha i- logo ye-THX . Lokhu ngokuyisisekelo isitifiketi ukuthi i-THX Laboratories inomuzwa wokuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana noma udlula ukucaciswa okuncane okungenani. Mane ukhumbule ukuthi umkhiqizo oqinisekisiwe we-THX ngeke ube nokusebenza kangcono noma ikhwalithi ezwakalayo kunomunye ongekho. Abakhiqizi kufanele bakhokhe i-THX labs ngenqubo yesitifiketi.
Manje njengoba sinazo eziyisisekelo zomsindo wedijithali phansi, sekuyisikhathi sokubuka i- Surround Sound ne-PC .