Im Industries IM kusukela 1970 kuya kuya Present
Njengoba izikhungo zezemfundo kanye nama-laboratory labs waba yindawo yokuqala yokusebenzisa i-computer ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, abahleli baqala ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuxhumana nabanye ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokuthumela imiyalezo. Le ndlela entsha yokulayeza ivumela abantu ukuthi baxoxe nabanye abasebenzisi bekhompuyutha efanayo noma umshini oxhunywe kwinethiwekhi yendawo enyuvesi yabo.
Lezo zindlela zokuqala zokuthumela imiyalezo zaholela ekuthuthukiseni isithunywa esisheshayo nesincintisanayo, noma i-IM emfushane, emakethe namuhla.
I-IM & # 39; s I-IM yokuqala
Izicelo ezintathu ezihlukene ze-IM zivele phakathi kwama-70s nama-80 azoba yisisekelo somyalezo osheshayo wamanje.
Okokuqala, okuthiwa i-proer-to-peer protocol, evunyelwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwamakhompyutha amabili axhunyiwe ngqo. Njengoba abathuthukisi bakha izindlela zokusebenzisa ama-computer, abahleli banwetshe uhlelo lwezinhlelo zontanga, bavumela abasebenzisi phakathi kwekampus noma ngisho nedolobha lonke endaweni yokudade ukuba bafinyelele kule miyalezo emibili, imiyalezo ngaphandle kokungena ngemvume PC efanayo.
Mark Jenks ne & # 34; Talk & # 34;
Ngo-1983, uMark Jenks, iMilwaukee, WI, umfundi wesikoleni esiphakeme, wakha "Talk," uhlelo olwenza abafundi eWashington High School bafinyelele ohlelweni lokuqala lwesibalo sezinhlamvu zedijithali kanye nekhono lomyalezo wangasese nabanye abasebenzisi. Uhlelo lokusebenza, owaziwa nangokuthi "okhulumayo," ludinga ukuthi abasebenzisi bangene ngemvume kwisicelo esisekelwe kwinethiwekhi besebenzisa isibambo noma igama leskrini. Ngesikhathi esifushane, abakhulumi baqala ukuvela ezweni lonke, babanjwe kumanethiwekhi ezizimele kanye namanethiwekhi esikoleni phakathi nawo-90s.
Ingxoxo Yokudlulisa Inthanethi ne-Journalism
I-Internet Relay Chat, noma i-IRC, ivule i-journalism ngokusemandleni okuxhumana kwe-intanethi. Idalwe nguJarkko Oikarinen ngo-Agasti 1988, i-IRC evumele abasebenzisi ukuthi baxoxe kumaqembu amaningi ahlukene abasebenzisi abaziwa ngokuthi "iziteshi," ukuthumela imilayezo eyimfihlo nokwabelana ngamafayela ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokudlulisa idatha.
I-intanethi kanye ne-IRC zathintele indawo yezombangazwe kanye nohulumeni ngo-Agasti 19, 1991, lapho kusetshenzwa umzamo wokuxoshwa kombuso kwi-capitol yaseSoviet Union. Abaphikisi, iqembu labaholi beqembu lamaKhomanisi eliphikisana nesivumelwano samanyunyana esanda kuxoxisana noMengameli waseSoviet uMikhail Gorbachev, avimbele izintatheli ukuthi zingabika lezi zenzakalo ngombono ophikisana nabamaphephandaba. Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuthumela izindaba nge-TV noma ngokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zetambo, izintatheli ziphendukela ku-IRC ukuze ziqoqe ulwazi ngokucasula kusuka kozakwethu nofakazi bokuzibonela ensimini.
I-IRC nayo isetshenziselwa izintatheli ukuhlanganyela izindaba ngesikhathi seGulf War.
I-Commodore 64 ne-Quantum Link
Ngo-Agasti, ngo-1982, i-Commodore International yakhipha i-PC engu-8-bit engayikuguqula umhlaba wekhompuyutha kuphela, kodwa isizukulwane esilandelayo sokuthumela imibiko esheshayo. I-Commodore 64, eyathengisa amayunithi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30, okwenza ibe yi-model ye-PC engashadile yathengisa kakhulu, yanikeza abasebenzisi basekhaya ithuba lokufinyelela i-computing ye-elektroniki ngezihloko ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 ze-software zezohwebo, kuhlanganise ne-intanethi ye-intanethi, i-Quantum Link, noma u-Q-Link.
Ukusebenzisa uhlelo olusekelwe embhalweni olubizwa nge-PETSCII, abasebenzisi bangathumela imilayezo e-inthanethi komunye nomunye nge-modem yocingo kanye ne-Quantum Link service. Ngaphandle kwezingcingo ezicacile noma amakhadi wevidiyo aphambili namuhla, ukuhlangenwe nakho kokuthunyelwa komlayezo kwabasebenzisi bokuqala akusijabulisi kakhulu; ngemuva kokuthumela umlayezo we-intanethi, umsebenzisi ekupheleni kokuthola uzobona umugqa ophuzi ngaphesheya kwesignali yesofthiwe ye-Quantum ababamukele umlayezo kusuka komunye umsebenzisi. Lowo msebenzisi wabe esekhethwa ukuphendula noma ukungawunaki umlayezo.
Imilayezo ye-intanethi nge-Q-Link isevisi, noma kunjalo, ibangele izimali ezengeziwe zomzuzu ngamunye lapho abasebenzisi bekhokhiswa izindleko zabo zenyanga zesevisi.
I-ICQ, i-Yahoo! I-Messenger ne-AIM
Ngama-90s, i-Quantum Link yashintsha igama layo i-America Online futhi yasiza esikhathini esisha sokuthumela imibiko esheshayo. Ngesikhathi i-ICQ, isithunywa esekelwe ematheksthi, yaba ngowokuqala ukuzithengisa ngokwabantu emphakathini ngo-1996, ekuqaleni kwe-AIM ngo-1997 kwaba yinto eguqukayo embonini njengoba izinkulungwane zabasebenzisi abancane, tech-savvy bagxuma ematheni ukwabelana ngemilayezo esheshayo komunye nomunye.
Yahoo! umkhankaso we-Yahoo! wayo I-Messenger ngo-1998, ilandelwa yi-MSN evela ku-Microsoft ngo-1999, kanye nabanye abaningi phakathi nawo-2000. I-Google Talk ikhishwe ngo-2005.
I-Multi-Protocol IMs Vula amasango
Kuze kube ngu-2000, abasebenzisi be-IM babengenakukhetha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinhlelo eziningi ze-IM ukufinyelela abangani kumanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene. Yilokho, kuze kube yiJabber ishintshe imithetho.
Eyaziwa njenge -IM- multi -protocol IM , uJabber ubumbene ama-IM ngokusebenza njengesango elilodwa lokufinyelela amakhasimende amaningi e-IM ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abasebenzisi bezinkampani ezinjalo bangakwazi ukuxoxa nabangani ngesikhathi sabo ku-AIM, Yahoo! kanye nezinhlu zokuxhumana ze-MSN ezisuka kwesicelo esisodwa. Amanye amaklayenti amaningi we-protocol afaka i-Pidgin, i-Trillian, i-Adium ne-Miranda.
I-Social Media kanye ne-IM Imoto ye-Mobile
Ngokuphakama kokuxhumana nabantu kanye nezinsizakalo ezifana ne-Facebook ne-Twitter, kanye nokushintshela kumadivayisi eselula njengama-Smartphones namaphilisi, imiyalezo esheshayo iye yaqhubeka futhi yaguquka. I-Facebook, isibonelo, inikeze i-Facebook Chat, ivumela abasebenzisi bayo ukuba baxoxane ngomunye isikhombimsebenzisi se-IM.
I-Facebook Chat inikeze i-API evumela izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle ezifana ne-AIM ne-Adium ukuxhuma enkonzweni ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuqhubeka nokwenza amasevisi abo ahlukahlukene e-IM aqhubeke; Nokho, ngo-2015 i-Facebook ivaliwe i-API nezinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle zazingasakwazi ukufinyelela isevisi yayo ye-IM, ebizwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Facebook Messenger kuphela.
Amapulatifomu eselula azinikezele kahle ukuxhumana kwe-IM, futhi amasevisi e-IM awaziwayo aqala ukunikeza izinguqulo zohlelo lokusebenza lweselula lwensizakalo yabo yokuthumela imiyalezo. Izindawo zezimakethe zohlelo lokusebenza ziqhumekile nezicelo ezihlukahlukene ze-IM.
Kwi-PC, ubuchwepheshe obusekelwe kuwebhu buhamba phambili kakhulu ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-2000 no-2010, futhi kwadingeka kungadingeki ukulanda nokufaka isicelo ukuze usebenzise izintandokazi ze-IM ezifana ne-Yahoo! I-Messenger, i-AIM ne-ICQ.
Imisebenzi ye-IM iphinde ifakwe ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zokuxhumana ezivuliwe nge-inthanethi, kufaka phakathi amakholi we-VOIP namakholi we-intanethi, kanye nokuthumela imiyalezo ye-SMS. I-IM nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Skype ne-FaceTime yokukhulumisana kwevidiyo.