Njengoba amakhompiyutha, ikakhulukazi ama-laptops, aqhubeka elula, izingxenye ezinjengezinqola zokugcina ezidingekayo ukuze nazo zithole ezincane ngokufanayo. Ngokusungulwa kwezimoto eziqinile , kwaba lula ukubeka kuzo zonke izinto ezinjenge- Ultrabooks kodwa inkinga yayilokhu isebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi se-SATA esijwayelekile. Ekugcineni, isikhombimsebenzisi se-mSATA senzelwe ukwakha ikhadi elincane lephrofayili elingase lihlanganyele nesibonakaliso se-SATA. Inkinga manje ukuthi amazinga we-SATA 3.0 anqanda ukusebenza kwama-SSD. Ukuze ulungise lezi zinkinga, uhlobo olusha lwesikhombikubona sekhabethe le-compact kudingeka lenziwe. Ebizwa ngokokuqala ngokuthi i-NGFF (Next Generation Form Factor), isikhombimsebenzisi esisha siphelele esimweni esisha se-M.2 drive interface ngaphansi kwezinguqulo ze-SATA version 3.2.
Imishini esheshayo
Nakuba usayizi, yiqiniso, isici ekuthuthukiseni isikhombimsebenzisi esisha, ijubane lezinkomba zihamba phambili. Ukucaciswa kwe-SATA 3.0 kuvimbela umkhawulokudonsa wangempela wezwe we-SSD kusixhumanisi sokushayela kuya ku-600MB / s, okunye okushayela okuningi okufinyelele manje. Imininingwane ye-SATA 3.2 yafaka indlela entsha ehlanganisiwe ye-M.2 interface njengoba nje yenza nge- SATA Express . Empeleni, ikhadi elisha le-M.2 lingasebenzisa noma yikuphi okushiwo yi-SATA 3.0 futhi likhawulelwe ku-600MB / s noma kungenzeka likhethe ukusebenzisa i- PCI-Express ehlinzeka nge-bandwidth ka-1GB / s ngaphansi kwe-PCI-Express 3.0 yamanje amazinga. Manje isivinini se-1GB / s singamzila owodwa we-PCI-Express. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izindlela eziningi futhi ngaphansi kwesichazamazwi se-M.2 SSD, kuze kusetshenziswe imigwaqo emine. Ukusebenzisa imigwaqo emibili kuzohlinzeka ngo-2.0GB / s ngenkathi imigwaqo emine ingahlinzekela ku-4.0GB / s. Ngokukhishwa kokugcina kwe-PCI-Express 4.0, lezi zivinini zizophindwa kabili.
Manje akuzona zonke izinhlelo ezizofeza lezi zivinini. Imoto ye-M.2 kanye nesimo esibonakalayo kukhompyutha kufanele ihlelwe ngendlela efanayo. I-interface ye-M.2 yakhelwe ukusebenzisa imodi ye-SATA yefa noma ama-modes amasha we-PCI-Express kodwa i-drive izokhetha ukuthi yiyiphi okufanele ukuyisebenzise. Isibonelo, imoto ye-M.2 eyenzelwe imodi yefa ye-SATA izobe ivinjelwe kulowo mshini we-600MB / s. Manje, imoto ye-M.2 ingahambisana ne-PCI-Express kuze kufike kumigwaqo angu-4 (x4) kodwa ikhompyutha isebenzisa kuphela imizila emibili (x2). Lokhu kuzoholela ekuvinjeni okuphezulu kwe-2.0GB / s kuphela. Ngakho ukuze uthole isivinini esikhulu kunazo zonke, uzodinga ukuhlola kokubili lokho okushiwo yi-drive kanye nekhompyutheni noma yama-motherboard.
Amancane amancane nobukhulu obukhulu
Omunye wemigomo ye-M.2 drive design kwakunciphisa usayizi jikelele wedivaysi yokugcina. Lokhu kutholakala ngenye yezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Okokuqala, benza amakhadi amancane kunomqondo we- mSATA wangaphambilini. Amakhadi we-M.2 angama-22mm ububanzi kuphela uma kuqhathaniswa ne-30mm ye-mSATA. Amakhadi angaphinde afinyelelwe njengama-30mm ubude obude uma kuqhathaniswa ne-50mm ye-mSATA. Umehluko wukuthi amakhadi aM.2 abuye asekele ubude obude obufinyelela ku-110mm okusho ukuthi kungaba empeleni okukhudlwana okunikeza isikhala esiningi sezinkukhu futhi kanjalo namakhono aphezulu.
Ngaphezu kobude nobubanzi bamakhadi, kukhona futhi okukhethwa kukho kwamabhodi amancane noma amaceleni amabili ahlangene. Kungani lezi zinyama ezimbili ezihlukene? Yebo, amabhodi amaceleni ahlangene anika iphrofayili encane kakhulu futhi ayasiza kuma-laptops e-ultrathin. Ibhodi elihlangene kabili, ngakolunye uhlangothi, livumela ukuthi izimboni ezimbili zifakwe kwibhodi le-M.2 ukuze zikwazi ukugcina amandla okugcina okuwusizo kuma-compact application applications lapho isikhala singabalulekile. Inkinga yukuthi udinga ukuqaphela ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-M.2 isixhumi sisekhompyutheni ngaphezu kwesikhala sobude bekhadi. Ama-laptops amaningi azosebenzisa kuphela isixhumanisi esisodwa esisodwa esisho ukuthi asinakusebenzisa amakhadi amabili e-M.2 emaceleni.
Imiyalo yokuLawula
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, i-SATA yenze isitoreji sama-plug-computer namageyimu. Lokhu kungenxa yokulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi kodwa futhi ngenxa yesakhiwo somyalo we-AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface). Lena indlela ikhompyutha ekwazi ukuxhumana ngayo nemiyalelo namadivayisi wesitoreji. Yakhiwe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zanamuhla futhi ngaleyo ndlela azidingi noma yiziphi izishayeli ezengeziwe ezifakwe ohlelweni lokusebenza uma sengeza amashayela amasha. Sekusebenze kahle kodwa sakhiwe ngenkathi yezinkambo ezikhuni ezinamandla okulinganisa ukucubungula imiyalelo ngenxa yemvelo yamakhanda kanye nezinsiza zokushayela. Umgca owodwa wokulayisha nemiyalo engu-32 kwakwanele. Inkinga yukuthi isimo sokushayela isimo esiqinile singenza okuningi kakhulu kepha sinqatshelwe abashayeli be-AHCI.
Ukusiza ekuqedeni lokhu kuqhuma futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza, isakhiwo somyalo we-NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) nesiphakamiso senziwa njengendlela yokuqeda le nkinga ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukushayela kombuso. Kunokuba usebenzise umgca owodwa womyalo, unikeza imigqa engama-65,536 yemigqa kanye nemilayezo engu-65,536 ngomugqa owodwa. Lokhu kuvumela ukucubungula okuningi okuhambisanayo kwezicelo zokufunda nokubhala ezizosiza ukukhulisa ukusebenza phezu kwesakhiwo somyalo we-AHCI.
Nakuba lokhu kukhulu, kunenkinga encane. I-AHCI yakhiwe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zanamuhla kodwa i-NVMe ayikho. Ukuze uthole okungcono kunayo yonke emithonjeni, abashayela kumele bafakwe phezulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhona ukusebenzisa le modi entsha yomyalo. Leyo yinkinga kubantu abaningi kuma-system asebenzayo asebekhulile. Ngokuthakazelisayo ukucaciswa kwe-M.2 ukuvumela ukuthi noma yiziphi izindlela ezimbili okufanele zisetshenziswe. Lokhu kwenza ukutholwa kweso sikhombimsebenzisi esisha kube lula ngamakhompiyutha nobuchwepheshe obukhona ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo somyalo we-AHCI. Khona-ke, njengoba ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo somyalo we-NVMe kuthuthukiswa kuba isofthiwe, ukushayela okufanayo kungasetshenziswa nale modi entsha yomyalo. Vele uxwayiswe ukuthi ukushintsha phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili kuzodinga ukuba imoto iguquke.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe
Amakhompiyutha weselula anezikhathi ezilinganiselwe ngokusekelwe ngobukhulu bamabhethri abo kanye namandla adonselwa yizingxenye ezihlukahlukene. Izimo zombuso eziqinile zanikeza ukunciphisa okuphawulekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kwesitoreji sokugcina njengokuthi baye bathuthukisa impilo yebhethri kodwa kukhona indawo yokuthuthukisa. Njengoba i-M.2 SSD isikhombimsebenzisi iyingxenye yezincazelo ze-SATA 3.2, ihlanganisa ezinye izici ezingaphezu kwesikhombimsebenzisi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isici esisha esibizwa nge-DevSleep. Njengoba izinhlelo eziningi futhi zenzelwe ukungena kwimodi yokulala uma ivaliwe noma ivaliwe kunokumisa phansi ngokuphelele, kukhona ukudweba okuqhubekayo ebhethri ukugcina idatha ethile isebenze ukuze ivuselele ngokushesha lapho amadivaysi ephakanyisiwe. I-DevSleep inciphisa inani lamandla asetshenziswa ngamadivayisi afana ne-M.2 SSD ngokudala isimo esisha semandla aphansi. Lokhu kufanele kusize ukwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwalawo masistimu alalayo kunokuba anikwe amandla phakathi kokusetshenziswa.
Izinkinga Ukuqothula
I-interface ye-M.2 ihlanganisa kakhulu isitoreji sekhompyutha kanye nekhono lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamakhompyutha ethu. Kukhona inkinga encane ngokuqaliswa kwayo ekuqaleni. Ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kusuka esibonakalayo esisha, ikhompiyutha kumele isebenzise ibhasi le-PCI-Express, ngaphandle kwalokho, ligijima ngendlela efanayo neyimuphi umshayeli we-SATA 3.0 okhona. Lokhu akubonakali njengento enkulu kodwa empeleni kuyinkinga ngamaningi wamabhodi amancane okuqala asebenzisa isici. Amashayeli we-SSD anikeza isipiliyoni esihle kakhulu uma esetshenziselwa njenge-root root noma i-boot drive. Inkinga iwukuthi isofthiwe ye-Windows ekhona inenkinga enkulu yokushayela ibhasi kusukela ngebhasi le-PCI-Express kunokuba ivela ku-SATA. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ube ne-M.2 drive usebenzisa i-PCI-Express ngenkathi ngokushesha kungeke kube yilapho kuqhutshwa khona uhlelo lokuqala noma uhlelo lokusebenza. Umphumela wukushayela kwedatha okusheshayo kodwa hhayi idrayivu yokuqalisa.
Akuwona wonke ama-computer namasevisi asebenzayo anenkinga. Isibonelo, i-Apple iye yahlakulela i-OS X ukusebenzisa ibhasi le-PCI-Express ngezinxenye zezimpande. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Apple ishintshe ama-drivers e-SSD ku-PCI-Express ngo-2013 MacBook Air ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ze-M.2 ziqedwe. I-Microsoft ivuselele i-Windows 10 ukusekela ngokugcwele amashayela amasha we-PCI-Express ne-NVMe uma i-hardware isebenza namathrekhi. Izinguqulo ezindala ze-Windows zingakwazi uma i-hardware isekelwa futhi abashayeli bangaphandle bafakiwe.
Ukusebenzisa Ukusebenzisa M.2 Kanjani Susa Ezinye Izici
Enye indawo yokukhathazeka ngokukhethekile nama- motherboards ama-desktop aqondene nendlela i-M.2 interface ehlangene ngayo yonke uhlelo. Uyabona kunenani elinqunyelwe lemizila ye-PCI-Express phakathi kweprosesa nenye yonke ikhompyutha. Ukuze usebenzise i-slot yekhadi le-M.2 e-PCI-Express ehambisanayo, umkhiqizi we-motherboard kufanele athathe lezo zindlela ze-PCI-Express ngaphandle kwezinye izingxenye ohlelweni. Yeka ukuthi lezo zindlela ze-PCI-Express zihlukaniswe kanjani phakathi kwamadivaysi ebhodi. Isibonelo, abanye abakhiqizi bahlanganyela emigwaqeni ye-PCI-Express ngamaports we-SATA. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa i-M.2 drive slot kungathatha phezulu kwezingu-4 ze-SATA. Kwezinye izimo. i-M.2 ingahlanganyela ngalezo zindlela ngezinye izinkampani zokukhulisa ze-PCI-Express. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlola ukuthi ibhodi iklanyelwe kanjani ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-M.2 ngeke iphazamise ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwamanye ama-drives asebenzayo , i- DVD noma i- Blu-ray noma amanye amakhadi wokunweba.