Kuyaqondakala ukuthi kunezithibelo ezibekelwe ukuthi singasebenzisa kanjani izinhlobo eziningi zamafayela edijithali. Isibonelo, abantu abaningi abalindele ukuthi kufanele bakopishe i-movie ngaphandle kweDVD noma i-Blu-ray bese ulayisha i-movie kwi-intanethi mahhala.
Lokho abantu abangase bangakwazi, noma kunjalo, ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe ezivinjelwe. Kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuningi obusetshenziselwa ukwenza lokhu, kodwa bonke bawela esigabeni sokuLawulwa kwamalungelo eDividenti, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-DRM.
Ukuphathwa Kwemigomo Yamalungelo Edijithi
I-Digital Rights Management iyindlela yobuchwepheshe edala izimo ezithile mayelana nokuthi amanye amafayela womidijithali wedijithali-njengamaculo, amabhayisikobho nezincwadi-angasetshenziswa futhi abelwane ngawo.
Imigomo ye-Digital Rights Management ehlanganiswe nento ethize idalwa ngumnikazi wesigcawu semidiya yedijithali (isibonelo, inkampani yokurekhoda inquma i-DRM enamathele kumculo okwenza kube khona idijithali etholakalayo). I-DRM ifakwe ikhodi efayilini ngomzamo wokwenza kube nzima ukususa. I-DRM ibusa ukuthi ifayela liziphatha kanjani futhi lingasetshenziswa, kumakhompyutha abasebenzisi bokugcina.
I-DRM isetshenziswe njalo ukuvimbela izinto ezifana nokwabelana ngama-MP3 kumanethiwekhi okuhweba amafayela noma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bathenga izingoma abazilayisha kwi-inthanethi.
Ukulawulwa Kwamalungelo Okudijithali akukho kuwo wonke amafayela edijithali. Ngokuvamile, lisetshenziselwa kuphela izinto ezithengwa ezitolo ze-intanethi noma ezakhiweni ze-software. Ayisetshenziselwa izimo lapho umsebenzisi adala khona ifayela ledijithali, njengokuqeda umculo kusuka ku-CD . Amafayela alalelwayo edijithali adalwe kulesi siboneko angeke athathe i-DRM kuwo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-DRM nge-iPod, i-iPhone, ne-iTunes
Lapho i-Apple isungula isitolo se-iTunes ukuthengisa umculo ongasetshenziswa kwi-iPod (futhi kamuva i-iPhone), wonke amafayela omculo athengiswa khona afaka i-DRM. Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwamalungelo e-Digital olusetshenziswa iTunes lwaluvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafake futhi badlale izingoma ezithengwe ku-iTunes kumakhompyutha angama-5-inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukugunyazwa . Ukufaka nokudlala ingoma kumakhompyutha amaningi kwakungenzeka (ngokuvamile) akunakwenzeka.
Ezinye izinkampani zisebenzisa i-DRM engaphezu kokunciphisa, njengokwenza izingoma ezilandiwe zidlala kuphela ngenkathi ikhasimende libhalela kunsizakalo ethile yomculo, ikhubaza ifayela futhi lenze lingazidlali uma likhansela ukubhalisa. Le ndlela isetshenziswa yi- Spotify, i-Apple Music, nezinsizakalo ezifanayo .
Mhlawumbe kuqondakala ukuthi, Ukuphathwa Kwemigomo Yamadijithali akuvamile ukuthandwa ngabathengi futhi kuye kwasekelwa kabanzi yizinkampani zabezindaba nabanye abaculi. Abameli bemalungelo wabathengi bakhokhisile ukuthi abasebenzisi kufanele babe nezinto zabo zangempela ngisho noma beyidijithali nokuthi i-DRM ivimbela lokhu.
Ngesikhathi i-Apple isebenzisa i-DRM iminyaka e-iTunes, ngo-Jan. 2008, inkampani isuse i-DRM kuzo zonke izingoma ezithengiswa esitolo. I-DRM ayisasetshenziselwa ukukopisha-ukuvikela izingoma ezithengiwe ku-iTunes Store, kodwa uhlobo oluthile lwaso lusekhona kulezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zamafayela angalandwa noma athengwe ku-iTunes:
- Amabhuku alalelwayo
- iBooks
- Ividiyo
- Izinhlelo zokusebenza
KUVUMELWE: Kungani amanye amafayela "athengwa" futhi amanye "avikelwe"?
Isebenza kanjani i-DRM
Ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile be-DRM basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene, kodwa ngokuvamile, i-DRM isebenza ngokufaka imigomo yokusetshenziswa efayeleni bese inikeza indlela yokuhlola ukuthi into isetshenziselwa ukuhambisana nalawo magama.
Ukwenza lokhu kube lula ukuqonda, ake sisebenzise isibonelo somculo we-digital. Ifayela elilalelwayo lingase libe ne-DRM elifakiwe kulo elivumela ukuthi lisetshenziswe kuphela ngumuntu owithenge. Lapho ingoma ithengwe, i-akhawunti yomsebenzisi yomuntu leyo izoxhunyaniswa nefayela. Khona-ke, uma umsebenzisi ezama ukudlala le ngoma, isicelo sizothunyelwa kwiseva ye-DRM ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe leyo akhawunti yomsebenzisi inemvume yokudlala ingoma. Uma kunjalo, ingoma yayizodlala. Uma kungenjalo, umsebenzisi uzothola umyalezo wephutha.
Enye into ecacile yile ndlela uma ngabe isevisi ehlola izimvume ze-DRM ayisebenzi ngenxa yesizathu esithile. Kule ndaba, okuqukethwe okusemthethweni kungathengi.
Ukunciphisa Ukulawulwa Kwamalungelo Edijithali
I-DRM, kwezinye izindawo, ubuchwepheshe obunzima kakhulu, njengoba abanye abantu bephikisa ukuthi kuthatha amalungelo abathengi abanayo emhlabeni. Abanikazi bezindaba abasebenzisa i-DRM baphikisana ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bakhokhelwa impahla yabo.
Eminyakeni eyishumi noma yokuqala yemidiya yedijithali, i-DRM yayivamile futhi ithandwa ezinkampanini zabezindaba-ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuthandwa kwamanye amazwe njengeNapster. Abanye abasebenzisi be-tech-savvy bathole izindlela zokunqoba izinhlobo eziningi ze-DRM futhi bahlanganyele ngokukhululekile amafayela edijithali. Ukuhluleka kwezikimu eziningi ze-DRM nokucindezelwa kwabathengi bezimpahla kubangele izinkampani eziningi zabezindaba ukuba zishintshe indlela yazo kumalungelo edijithali.
Njengalokhu kubhala, amasevisi wokubhalisa afana ne-Apple Music enikeza umculo ongenamkhawulo uma nje uqhubeka ukhokhela imali yenyanga yinto ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuphathwa kwamalungelo edijithali.