Imishini eyi-Virtual ikuvumela ukuba ulandise izinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe ngaphakathi kwewindi, ngaphandle kwikhompyutha yakho ekhona. Ubuhle be-software ye-VM ukuthi ungagijima isehlakalo se-Windows ku-MacOS noma ngokuphambene nalokho, kanye nenombolo yezinye izinhlanganisela ze-OS ezifaka phakathi i-Chrome OS, i-Linux, i-Solaris nokuningi.
Uma usebenzisa isofthiwe ye-VM esekelwe kwisicelo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hypervisor, uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhompiyutha yakho luvame ukubhekwa njengomphathi. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwesibili olwenziwa ngaphakathi kwesikhombimsebenzisi seVM luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isimenywa.
Ngenkathi ezinye izivakashi zokusebenza zokusebenza njenge-Windows zidinga ukuthenga ukhiye welayisense owengeziwe, ezinye ziyatholakala mahhala. Lokhu kubandakanya ukusabalalisa okuningi kwe-Linux kanye ne-MacOS, becabanga ukuthi usebenza kwi-hardware ye-Mac kusukela ngo-2009 noma kamuva.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuqhuba i-MacOS kumshini we-hardware okungewona we-Mac, nge-Windows PC, ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ngezixazululo eziningi zesofthiwe ezibalwe ngezansi kufaka phakathi i-VirtualBox ye-Oracle. Kodwa-ke, i-macOS ihloselwe kuphela ukuqhutshwa ku-Apple hardware futhi ukwenza okunye kungase kungabi ukwephulwa kwesivumelwano selayisensi ye-macOS kodwa isipiliyoni somsebenzisi ngokuvamile sihamba kancane, buggy kanye necala elingenakulinganiswa.
Ngezansi kukhona ezinye izixazululo zomshini we-virtual ezitholakalayo, ngalinye lihlinzeka ngamasethingi akhethi ayingqayizivele kanye nokuhambisana kwesikhulumi.
01 ka-06
I-VMware Workstation
Njengoba cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili emakethe, i-VMware Workstation ivame ukubukeka njengoba imboni ejwayelekile uma kuziwa emisebenzini yemishini ebonakalayo - neqoqo layo lemisebenzi eliqinile elihlanganisa izidingo eziningi zokwenza izifiso.
I-VMware Workstation ivumela izixazululo eziphambili ze-3D ngokusekela i- DirectX 10 ne-OpenGL 3.3, ukuqeda ukuchithwa kwesithombe nevidiyo ngaphakathi kwe-VM yakho ngisho nalapho usebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamacrafini. Isofthiwe ivumela amazinga avulekile wemishini, ehlinzeka ikhono kokubili ukudala nokusebenzisa ama-VM kusuka kubathengisi abancintisana ngaphakathi komkhiqizo we-VMware.
Izici zayo zokuxhumana ezithuthukisiwe zinikeza ikhono lokusetha nokuphatha ama-virtual virtual amanethiwekhi we-VM, kuyilapho izinkombandlela eziphelele zedatha zedatha zingahle zenziwe futhi ziqaliswe uma i-VMware ihlanganiswa namathuluzi wesithathu-okuyisisekelo sokukhipha ibhizinisi lonke iDkt .
Izintambo ze-VMware zikuvumela ukuthi uhlele amaphuzu ahlukahlukene okubuyisa ukuhlola, futhi uhlelo lwalo lwe-cloning lusetha izimo eziningi ze-VM efana nemoya-okukuvumela ukuba ukhethe phakathi kokuphindaphindiwe okuphelele noma ama-clones axhunyiwe okuxhomeke kancane ekuqaleni kokuzama ukugcina okuphawulekayo inani lesikhala sedrayivu.
Iphakheji lihlanganisa futhi ngokungahambisani ne-vSphere, yesikhulumi se-VMware esisefu, okwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwazo zonke izikhungo ze-VMs esikhungweni sedatha yenkampani yakho kude nomshini wakho wendawo.
Kunezinguqulo ezimbili zesicelo, Umdlali we-Workstation, no-Workstation Pro, owokuqala otholakalayo mahhala.
Umdlali akuvumela ukuthi udale ama-VM amasha futhi usekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezihambeli. Iphinde ivumele ukwabiwa kwefayela phakathi kwe-host and guest futhi ihlanganisa zonke izinzuzo ezicacile okukhulunywe ngenhla, kanye nokusekelwa kwezibonisi ezingu-4K .
Lapho le nguqulo yamahhala ihamba khona, ingxenye enkulu, uma kuziwa ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kwe-VMware njengokusebenzisa i-VM engaphezu kweyodwa ngesikhathi futhi kufinyelela amakhono amaningi okukhulunywe ngenhla njenge-cloning, snapshots, kanye nezinethiwekhi eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngenxa yalezi zici, kanye nokudala nokuphatha imishini eyimfihlo encrypted, kuzodingeka uthenge i-VMware Workstation Pro. Umdlali wezisebenzi naye uvinjelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezebhizinisi, ngakho amabhizinisi afuna ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yokusebenza kulindeleke ukuthi athenge amalayisensi owodwa noma ngaphezulu uma ehlose ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo ngaphandle kwesikhathi sawo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kusuka ku-Player kuya ku-Pro ngezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokusekelwa kufakiwe kuzokubiza u-$ 99.99, namanye amaphakheji atholakalayo kulabo abathenga amalayisense ayishumi noma ngaphezulu.
Iyahambisana namapulatifomu alandelayo:
- Ukusabalalisa okuningi kwe-64-bit Linux
- I-Windows 7 nangaphezulu (64-bit kuphela)
- Windows Server 2008 R2 nangaphezulu
02 ka 06
I-VMware Fusion
Ulethwe kuwe ngabantu abanjalo abadala i-VMware Workstation ye-Linux kanye ne-Windows, ama-Fusion amachweba okuyisisekelo esifanayo nesisebenzi esinikeza esiteshini se-Mac.
Ngokungafani ne-VMware Workstation, i-software eyisisekelo ye-software ikhululekile futhi ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu ngenkathi i-Fusion Pro ingathengwa ngezinhloso zebhizinisi noma ngabanye abadinga ukufinyeleleka kuseti zesici esithuthukile.
Inayo imisebenzi ethile eqondene no-Mac, njengokusekela ama-5K iMac okubukwayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-retina nokulungiselelwa okungewona kwe-retina. I-Fusion iphinde ihlanganise i-Unity Mode, efihla isikhombimsebenzisi seDeskithophu yedeskithophu futhi ikuvumele ukuthi uqalise futhi usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza zeWindows kusuka kuDock yakho njengokungathi zedabulela ku-MacOS.
Zombili izinguqulo zamahhala nezakhokhelwa ze-Fusion nazo zinikeza ithuba lokusebenzisa i-Windows kusuka kusiqeshana sakho se- Boot Camp njengesivakashi se-VM, ukususa isidingo sokuqala kabusha uma ufuna ukushintsha emuva nangaphezulu.
Iyahambisana namapulatifomu alandelayo:
- i-macOS / OS X 10.9 nangaphezulu
03 ka 06
I-Oracle VM VirtualBox
Okokuqala okukhishwe ngo-2007, le-hypervisor yomthombo ovulekile iyatholakala kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwekhaya namabhizinisi ngaphandle kwelayisensi ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-GPLv2.
I-VirtualBox isekela uhlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuvakasha, uhlu olufaka zonke izinguqulo ze-Windows ezivela ku-XP kuya ku-10 kanye ne-Windows NT ne-Server 2003. Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze i-VMs ne-Linux 2.4 nangaphezulu, i-Solaris ne-OpenSolaris ngaphezu I-OpenBSD. Uphikezwa ngisho nokukhetha ukubuyela iwashi bese uqhuba i-OS / 2 noma i-DOS / Windows 3.1, kungakhathaliseki ngezinhloso ze-nostalgic noma ukudlala ezinye izintandokazi zakho ezindala njenge- Land or Pool of Radiance ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo.
Ungaphinda usebenze i-MacOS ku-VM usebenzisa i-VirtualBox, nakuba lokhu kuzosebenza kuphela uma uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lokusingatha luseMac. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi i-Apple ayivumeli uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza ukusebenza kwi-hardware engeyona i-Apple. Lokhu kuyinkinga yokufakwa okujwayelekile kwe-MacOS, futhi kusebenza nalapho usebenzisa i-OS ngaphakathi kwesisombululo se-VM.
I-VirtualBox isekela ikhono lokusebenzisa amafasitela amaningi wezivakashi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi inikeza izinga lokuphatheka lapho i-VM edalwe khona kumuntu oyedwa angashintshwa kalula kwenye engase ibe nesistimu yokusebenza ehluke ngokuphelele.
Kuvame ukugijima kahle kwi-hardware endala, iqaphela amadivayisi amaningi we- USB futhi inikeza umtapo owusizo weziNgeza zezivakashi ezitholakalayo mahhala futhi kulula ukuzifaka. Lezi zici ezengeziwe zifaka ikhono lokudlulisa amafayela nokuqukethwe kwebhodi lokunamathisela emkhatsini wezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusingathwa nezivakashi, i-3D virtualization kanye nezinye ukwesekwa kwevidiyo ezengeziwe ukwenzela ukunciphisa izinkinga eziningi ezivamile ngezithombe ezibonakalayo ku-VM.
Iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizo inikeza izifundo eziningana ezilula futhi ezilula zokugaya kanye nesethi yemishini yangempela eyakhiwe, okwenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokuthuthukiswa.
Ukuncoma umphakathi onjiniyela owandayo njalo oshicilela ukukhishwa okusha ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nesithangami somsebenzisi esisebenzayo namalunga angama-100,000 abhalisiwe, irekhodi lomkhondo we-VirtualBox konke kodwa uqinisekisa ukuthi uzoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa futhi abe yisixazululo se-VM eside.
Iyahambisana namapulatifomu alandelayo:
- Ukusabalalisa okuningi kwe-Linux
- i-macOS / OS X 10.9 nangaphezulu
- I-Solaris 10 (U10 +) nangaphezulu
- I-Windows Vista SP1 +, i-Windows 7, i-Windows 8, i-Windows 10
04 ka 06
Ideskithophu yokufana
Isithandwa sesikhathi eside sabantu abathandi be-Mac abavame ukugijima iWindows ngezikhathi ezithile, ukufana kufaka amandla okukwazi ukuhamba ngokusebenza ngokusebenza kwe-Windows ne-Mac eceleni.
Ngokusekelwe ekusebenziseni kwakho okuyinhloko kweWindows, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukuklamo, ukuthuthukiswa, umdlalo wezemidlalo, noma okunye okunye, Ukufana kufana nokwenza ngcono isistimu kanye nezixhobo ze-hardware ze-Windows isipiliyoni esivame ukuzizwa sengathi ungumuntu we-PC yangempela.
Ukufana kufaka izici eziningi ongayilindela kumkhiqizo okhokhelwayo we-VM, kanye nokunye okucacile ku-Mac njengokukwazi ukuvula amawebhusayithi ku-IE noma ku-Edge ngqo kusuka kusiphequluli sakho se-Safari kanye nezixwayiso ze-Windows eziboniswa kwisikhungo soziso se-Mac . Amafayela angadonselwa ngokushesha phakathi kwezinhlelo ezimbili zokusebenza, kanye nawo wonke okuqukethwe kokunamathisela. Futhi kufakwe ukufaniswa yisikhala sokugcina sefu samafu esingabelwe kuwo wonke ama-macOS ne-Windows.
Ukungaqondakali okungajwayelekile mayelana nokufana ukuthi kungasetshenziswa kuphela ku-Windows ku-VM yesimenywa, kuyilapho ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise i-Chrome OS, i-Linux ngisho nesinye sesibili se-macOS.
Kukhona izinguqulo ezintathu ezahlukene zokufana ezikhona, ngasinye esifanele izilaleli ezithile. Uhlelo oluyisisekelo lubheke labo abasuka ku-PC kuya ku-Mac okokuqala, kanye nomsebenzisi wansuku zonke onesidingo sokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zeWindows njalo. Iqukethe ithuluzi eliyisisekelo kanye ne-8GB ye-VRAM ne-4 vCPUs ye-guest ngayinye ye-VM futhi idinga imali yesikhathi esisodwa se-$ 79.99.
I-Pro Edition, ehloselwe kubathuthukisi be-software, abahloli, nabanye abasebenzisi bamandla, ihlanganisa ne-Microsoft Visual Studio ngaphezu kwamanye ama-dev nama-QA amathuluzi afana ne-Jenkins. I-imeyili ye-round-clock kanye nokwesekwa kwefoni kunikezwa, kanye namathuluzi okuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe nokukwazi ukusebenzisa amasevisi wefu webhizinisi. Nge-WG 64GB vRAM nama-vCPU angu-16 kuwo wonke ama-VM, i-Parallels Desktop Pro Edition iyatholakala ngo-$ 99.99 ngonyaka.
Okokugcina kodwa ngokungenani okungenani yi-Business Edition, ehlanganisa konke okungenhla kanye namathuluzi wokuphatha kanye nokuphatha okuphakathi kanye nekhibhoyisensi yevolumu evumela ukuthi uqhube futhi ulawule izimo zokufana kuzo yonke iminyango nezinhlangano. Izindleko jikelele ze-Parallels Desktop Business Edition zithembele kwinombolo yamalayisensi esihlalo oyidingayo.
Iyahambisana namapulatifomu alandelayo:
- i-macOS / OS X 10.10 nangaphezulu
05 ka 06
QEMU
I-QEMU ijwayele ukuthi i-hypervisor yokuzikhethela kubasebenzisi be-Linux, ngokusekelwe kuthegi layo lentengo ye-zero-dollar namathuluzi okuzula asebenzayo okugcwele. I-emulator yomthombo ovulekile iveza uhla olumangalisayo lwamakhemikhali wehadiwe, usebenzisa inguqulo eguquguqukayo yokusebenza okuhle.
Imishini yemishini ye-KVM egijima uma usebenzisa i-QEMU njenge-virtualizer ingaholela ekusebenzeni kwezinga lokuzalwa kwe-hardware elifanele, okwenza ukhohlwe ukuthi usebenzisa i-VM.
Amalungelo okuphatha adingekayo kuphela ezimweni ezithile ne-QEMU, njengokuthi uma udinga ukufinyelela kumadivayisi wakho we-USB kusuka ngaphakathi kwe-VM yezihambi. Lokhu kungenalutho oluthile ngalolu hlobo lwesofthiwe, okwengeza ukungapheli kwezindlela ongayisebenzisa ngazo.
Ukwakhiwa ngokwezifiso kwe-QEMU nakho kwenzelwe i-MacOS ne-Windows, nakuba iningi lomsebenzisi walo isisindo selithambekele ekubeni namabhokisi e-Linux njengomsingathi wawo.
Iyahambisana namapulatifomu alandelayo:
- Ukusabalalisa okuningi kwe-Linux
- i-macOS (OS X 10.7 noma ngenhla) ngeMphathi wephakheji ye-Homebrew
- I-32-bit Windows ne-64-bit Windows
06 ka-06
Ama-Virtual Machines asekelwe ngamafu
Kuze kube manje sesixoxile ngezinzuzo nezindleko zokusetshenziswa kwemishini yomshini we-machine-based hypervisors ezinqoleni eziningi. Njengomunye ubuchwepheshe obuningi, izinkampani eziningi eziyaziwa njenge-Amazon, i-Google ne-Microsoft zithathe umqondo we-VMs nama-container izimo emafwini, okukuvumela ukuthi ufike kude imishini ebonakalayo egcinwe kumaseva womhlinzeki.
Abanye empeleni bakhokhelwa ngomzuzu, bekuvumela ukuthi ukhokhe kuphela isikhathi osidinga ngaso, kanti abanye bavumela amanethiwekhi agcwele amazinga ukuba aklanyelwe, adalwe futhi abanjwe kumaseva asekelwe ngamafu.