Amazinga wevidiyo awawenawo wonke indawo
Njengoba isayithi lami lifika emhlabeni wonke, ngithola imibuzo eminingi ngesihloko samazinga evidiyo ahlukene avimbela ukubuka kwetheyiphu yevidiyo e-US, ngokwesibonelo, ku-VCR eMpumalanga Yurophu. Noma, kwesinye isimo, umuntu wase-UK uhamba e-US, ividiyo yokudubula ku-camcorder yabo, kodwa ayikwazi ukubuka ukurekhoda kwabo kwi-US TV noma ukuyikopisha kwi-US VCR. Lokhu kuphazamisa ama-DVD athengwe kwamanye amazwe, nakuba izindinganiso zeDVD zihlanganisa nento ebizwa ngokuthi iCode Coding, eyona yonke into ethi "ye-of-worms". Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwezindinganiso zevidiyo okubhekiswe lapha, futhi kuhlongozwa okunye e-athikili yami eyengeziwe "Amakhodi WesiFunda: I-DVDs Imfihlo Engcolile" .
Kungani lokhu? Ingabe kukhona isixazululo salezi nezinye izinkinga ezihambisana namazinga wevidiyo ahlukene?
Nakuba ukudluliswa kwe-radio, isibonelo, kujabulela izindinganiso ezisetshenziswa yonke indawo emhlabeni, ithelevishini ayiyona inhlanhla.
Esikhathini samanje ithelevishini ye-analog, i-World ihlukaniswe yaba yizilinganiso ezintathu ezingavumelani: NTSC, PAL, ne-SECAM.
Kungani kufanele izindinganiso ezintathu noma izinhlelo? Ngokuyinhloko, ithelevishini "yasungulwa" ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba (US, UK, neFrance). Izombusazwe ziningi kakhulu isikhathi lapho uhlelo oluzosetshenziswa njengesilinganiso sikazwelonke kulawa mazwe. Futhi, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi kwakungekho ukucatshangelwa okwenziwe ngenkathi leziNhlelo zoSakazo ze-TV zifakwa endaweni, ekukhuleni kweminyaka yobu "Global" esiphila kuyo namuhla, lapho ulwazi lungashintshaniswa khona kalula nge-elektroniki njengokuba nengxoxo nomakhelwane womuntu.
Sibutsetelo: NTSC, PAL, SECAM
I-NTSC
I-NTSC iyi-standard yase-US eyamukelwa ngo-1941 njengomsakazo wokuqala wezokusakazwa kwethelevishini nefomethi yevidiyo esasetshenziswa. I-NTSC imele iKomidi Lezilinganiso ZikaThelevishini kaZwelonke futhi yamukelwa yi-FCC (Federal Communications Commission) njengezinga lokusakazwa kwethelevishini e-US
I-NTSC isekelwe emigqeni engu-525, amasimu angu-60 / ama-30 ozimele-ngomzuzwana ohlelweni lwe-60Hz lokudlulisa nokubonisa izithombe zevidiyo. Lena yinkimbinkimbi ehleliwe lapho ifreyimu ngayinye iskena emikhawulweni emibili yemigqa engu-262, ehlangene ukuze ibonise uhlaka lwevidiyo ngemigqa engu-525 yokuskena.
Lolu hlelo lusebenza kahle, kodwa okukodwa okukhiphayo ukuthi ukusakazwa kwe-TV yombala nokubonisa akuyona ingxenye ye-equation lapho uhlelo luvunywa kuqala. Kwavela ingxabano mayelana nendlela yokufaka umbala nge-NTSC ngaphandle kokwenza izigidi zezingceli ze-B / W zisetshenziswe ekuqaleni kwawo-1950 ezingasebenzi. Ekugcineni, isimiso sokwengeza Umbala ohlelweni lwe-NTSC samukelwa ngo-1953. Nokho, ukusebenza kombala kwifomathi ye-NTSC kuye kwaba ubuthakathaka besistimu, ngakho-ke igama le-NTSC laziwa ngabachwepheshe abaningi ngokuthi "Akukaze kube kabili okufanayo Umbala " . Uqaphele ukuthi ikhwalithi yombala nokuvumelana kuyahlukahluka kancane phakathi kweziteshi?
I-NTSC iyinhlangano esemthethweni yevidiyo ye-analog e-US, Canada, Mexico, izingxenye ezithile zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, eJapane, eTaiwan naseKorea. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi kwamanye amazwe.
I-PAL
I-PAL iyimfomethi evelele e-World ye-analog yezokusakaza ithelevishini ne-video display (i-sorry US) futhi isekelwe kumzila we-625, amasimu angu-50 / ama-25 wesibili, uhlelo lwe-50HZ. Isibonakaliso sihamba phakathi, njenge-NTSC emasimini amabili, enamakhasi angu-312 ngamunye. Izici eziningana ezihlukanisayo ziyisodwa: isithombe esiphezulu esiphezulu kune-NTSC ngenxa yenani elikhulayo lemigqa yokuskena. Okubili: ngoba umbala wawuyingxenye yezinga kusukela ekuqaleni, ukungafani kombala phakathi kweziteshi namaTV kungcono kakhulu. Kukhona ohlangothini olungezansi ku-PAL, ngoba kukhona amafremu ambalwa (25) aboniswa ngomzuzwana, ngezinye izikhathi ungabona ukuchofoza kancane emfanekisweni, kufana ne-flicker ebonwe kwifilimu ekhonjiwe.
Qaphela: i- Brazili isebenzisa ukuhluka kwe-PAL, okubizwa ngokuthi i-PAL-M. I-PAL-M isebenzisa imigqa engu-525 / i-60 HZ. I-PAL-M ihambisana ne-B / W kuphela yokudlala kumadivayisi wefomethi ye-NTSC.
Njengoba i-PAL kanye nokuhluka kwayo kunakho ukubusa komhlaba, sekubizwa ngokuthi " Ukuthula Ekugcineni ", kulabo abasezifundweni zevidiyo. Amazwe ohlelweni lwe-PAL afaka i-UK, i-Germany, iSpain, iPortugal, i-Italy, i-China, i-India, iningi le-Afrika, ne-Middle East.
SECAM
I-SECAM yiyona "i-outlaw" yamazinga wevidiyo we-analog. Kuthuthukiswe eFrance (Kubonakala sengathi amaFrance ahlukile ngisho nezindaba zobuchwepheshe), i-SECAM, ngenkathi iphakeme kune-NTSC, ayikho iphakeme kakhulu ku-PAL (empeleni amazwe amaningi asemukele i-SECAM angaguqukela ku-PAL noma abe nokusakazwa kokubili kwesistimu kokubili i-PAL no-SECAM).
Njenge-PAL, ingu-625 line, amasimu angu-50 / uhlaka lwama-25 ngesistimu ephakathi kwamasekhondi, kodwa ingxenye yombala isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kune-PAL noma i-NTSC. Eqinisweni, i-SECAM imele (ngesiNgisi) Umbala olinganiselwe Ngememori. Ekusebenzeni kwevidiyo, ibizwe ngokuthi " Okuthile Okuphambene Nezindlela ZamaMelika ", ngenxa yendlela ehlukene yokuphathwa kombala. Amazwe esistimu ye-SECAM afaka iFrance, iRussia, i-Eastern Europe, kanye nezinye izingxenye zeMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Kodwa-ke, into eyodwa ebalulekile ukukhomba nge-SECAM ukuthi ifomethi yokudlulisa ithelevishini (futhi ifomethi ye-VHS yokurekhoda ye-SECAM yokudluliselwa) - kodwa akuyona ifomethi yokudlala i-DVD. Ama-DVD aqondiswe ku-NTSC noma ku-PAL futhi aqoshwe ezindaweni ezithile eziqondene nendawo, ngokuphathelene nokudlala okuhambisanayo. Emazweni asebenzisa inqubo yezokusakaza ye-SECAM, ama-DVD aqondiswe ngendlela yevidiyo ye-PAL.
Ngamanye amazwi, abantu abahlala emazweni asebenzisa ifomethi ye-SECAM yokusakazwa kwethelevishini, futhi sebenzisa ifomethi ye-PAL uma kuziwa ukudlala ividiyo ye-DVD. Wonke amathelevishini we-SECAM asekelwe kumthengi angabuka kokubili isignali ye-SECAM yokusakaza noma isignali yevidiyo ye-PAL, njengokuvela kumthombo, njenge-DVD player, i-VCR, i-DVR, njll ...
Ukususa yonke imithi yezobuchwepheshe mayelana ne-NTSC, i-PAL, ne-SECAM, ukutholakala kwalezi zakhiwo ze-TV kusho ukuthi ividiyo LAPHO ingase ingafani nevidiyo LAPHO (noma kuphi noma LAPHO noma kungenzeka kube khona). Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi isistimu ngayinye ayifani nhlobo ukuthi isekelwe emazingeni ahlukene ehlaka kanye nokuhamba komkhawulokudonsa, okuvimbela izinto ezinjengama-tapes wevidiyo namavidyo aqoshiwe kuhlelo olulodwa oludlalwa kwezinye izinhlelo.
Multi-System Solutions
Noma kunjalo, kunezixazululo zalezi zinkinga eziphikisanayo ezisekhona emakethe yabathengi. EYurophu, isibonelo, ama-TV amaningi, ama-VCRs nabadlali be-DVD abathengiswa bobabili abane-NTSC ne-PAL abakwaziyo. E-US, le nkinga iqondiswa ngabathengisi abakhethe imikhiqizo yamazwe omhlaba jikelele. Ezinye izindawo ezinhle kakhulu eziku-intanethi zihlanganisa i-International Electronics, ne-World Import.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kungenzeka ukuba uhlale edolobheni elikhulu, njengeNew York, Los Angeles, noma indawo yaseMidami, eFlorida, abanye abathengisi abakhulu nabazimele ngezinye izikhathi baphatha ama-VCR amaningi. Ngakho-ke, uma unesihlobo noma abangani phesheya ungenza futhi ukopishe i-camcorder noma amavidiyo orekhodile i-TV uphinde uthumele amakhophi kubo futhi ungadlala i-PAL noma i-SECAM yamavidiyo womculo abakuthumelayo.
Kodwa-ke, uma ungenayo isidingo sokuthi ube ne-VCR eminingi-system kodwa kusadingeka ukuthi ube ne-tape yevidiyo evamile eguqulelwe kwenye uhlelo, kunamasevisi kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu angenza lokhu. Vele ubuke encwadini yocingo yendawo ngaphansi kwevidiyo yezokukhiqiza noma izinhlelo zokuhlela ividiyo. Izindleko zokuguqula i-tape eyodwa ayibizi kakhulu.
Amazinga Emhlaba Wonke We-Digital Television
Okokugcina, ucabanga ukuthi ukuqaliswa komhlaba jikelele kwe-Digital TV ne-HDTV kuzoxazulula inkinga yezinhlelo zevidiyo ezingahambisani, kodwa akunjalo. Kukhona "umhlaba" wokuphikisana okuzungezile ukwamukelwa kwezinga elijwayelekile lokusakazwa kwethelevishini yedijithali futhi ukudlala emuva izinhlelo zevidiyo ezicacile ezicaciswayo.
I-US kanye namanye amazwe aseNyakatho Melika nase-Asia athathe i-ATSC (i-Advanced Television Standards Committee standard, iYurophu iye yamukela izinga leDVB (Digital Video Broadcasting), futhi iJapane ikhetha isimiso sayo, i-ISDB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting). ulwazi olwengeziwe esimweni samazinga we-Worldwide Digital TV / HDTV, hlola imibiko evela ku-EE Times.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, Nakuba kukhona umehluko ocacile phakathi kwe-HD nevidiyo ye-analog, umehluko wezinga lohlaka uhlala emazweni we-PAL nama-NTSC.
Emazweni asebenze ohlelweni lwe-NATC / TV ye-analog, kuze kube manje, izindinganiso ze-HD nezindinganiso ze-HD ezirekhodiwe (njenge-Blu-ray ne-HD-DVD) namanje zihambisana nesilinganiso se-NTSC yesakhiwo samafomu angu-30 ngomzuzwana, ngenkathi amazinga we-HD emazweni asezingeni eliphezulu le-PAL yokusakaza / ividiyo noma izinga lokusakaza le-SECAM lihambisana nesilinganiso se-PAL sesakhiwo sama-25 ozimele ngomzuzwana.
Ngenhlanhla, inani elikhulayo lamathelevishini encazelo eliphezulu likhona emhlabeni jikelele, kanye nabo bonke abavolontiya bevidiyo, bayakwazi ukubonisa uhlaka lwama-25 nohlaka lwama-30 ngesimiso se-HD yesibili.
Ukushiya yonke imithi yezobuchwepheshe mayelana nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamazinga wokusakaza nge-Digital / HDTV, lokhu kusho, ngokusakazwa, ikhebula, kanye nethelevishini ye-satellite eminyakeni yobudala, kuzobe kungavumelani phakathi kwezizwe zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqaliswa kokucutshungulwa kwamavidiyo nokuguqulwa kwama-chips kwimikhiqizo eminingi yevidiyo, inkinga yokudlala ividiyo erekhodiwe emuva izoba yinkinga enkulu njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka.