Ukuzalwa kwezingcingo zangaphandle ezingenazintambo
Kwakungakaze kudlule kakhulu ukuthi amakhompiyutha ayengumsebenzi wokunethezeka kunokuba kudingekile. Yinhlanhla kuphela futhi ingcebile yayineyodwa ekhaya futhi inethiwekhi yinto egcinelwe izinkampani ezinkulu.
Ukusheshisa okuyishumi noma ngaphezulu futhi wonke umuntu kufanele abe nekhompyutha yakhe. Kukhona oyedwa kubazali (ngezinye izikhathi ababili uma abazali bengakwazi ukwabelana kahle) futhi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izingane ezizozisebenzela umsebenzi wesikole kanye nemidlalo. Abasebenzisi basekhaya basuke kungenawo ukufinyelela kwe-intanethi kuya ku-9600 kbps ukufinyelela kokungena kwi- intanethi okungaphezu kuka-56 kbps ukufinyelela kokudayela futhi baqhubekela phambili ekuxhumaneni okubanzi kokubambisana noma bafanise ukuxhumeka kwe-T1 abajabule emsebenzini.
Njengoba i-Inthanethi ne-World Wide Web seziqhubekele emasikweni ethu futhi zishintsha amanye amafomu abezindaba ukuze bathole izindaba, isimo sezulu, ezemidlalo, zokupheka, amakhasi aphuzi nezinye izinto eziyizigidi, umzabalazo omusha awukona nje isikhathi kwikhompyutha ekhaya, kodwa isikhathi sokuxhuma kwi-inthanethi.
Ama-hardware nabathengisi be-software bavele ngezixazululo ezihlukahlukene ezivumela abasebenzisi basekhaya ukuthi babelane ngokuxhumeka kwe-intanethi phakathi kwama-computer amabili noma ngaphezulu. Zonke zinento eyodwa ngokufanayo-nakuba amakhompiyutha kufanele ahlotshwe ngandlela-thile.
Ukuxhuma amakhompiyutha wakho ndawonye uye wahilela ukusebenzisana okuphakathi komzimba phakathi kwabo. Kungaba ucingo lwefoni, ikhebula le-coaxial noma ikhebula le-CAT5 elivamile. I-hardware yakamuva isetshenziswe ukuthi ngisho ivumela amakhompiyutha enethiwekhi abasebenzisi basekhaya ngokusebenzisa i-wiring kagesi. Kodwa, enye yezindlela ezilula futhi ezimbi kakhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusebenzisa amakhompyutha enethiwekhi kulo lonke ikhaya lakho ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obungenawaya.
Kuyinto isethaphu elula. Ukuxhumeka kwe-intanethi kungena kumhlinzeki wakho futhi kuxhunywe endaweni yokufinyelela engenantambo noma router esakaza isignali. Uxhuma amakhadi wenethiwekhi ye-antenna angenazintambo kumakhompyutha wakho ukuthola leyo signal bese ukhuluma endaweni yokufinyelela engenazintambo futhi usebhizinisi.
Inkinga yokuba nokusakazwa kwesignali nakuba kunzima ukuqukatha lapho leyo signal ingase ihambe khona. Uma ingafika esitezi sangasese ehhovisi lakho endlini engaphansi, kungase futhi ihambe ngezinyawo ezingaba ngu-100 kumakhelwane omakhelwane wakho. Noma, i-hacker efuna uxhumano olungenantambo olungenantambo lingangena kumasistimu wakho kusuka emotweni emiswe emgwaqweni.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi akufanele usebenzise inethiwekhi engenantambo. Kufanele nje uhlakaniphe ngakho futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuqapha eziyisisekelo ukuze wenze kube nzima ngabafuni abafuna ukwazi ukuthola ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu. Isigaba esilandelayo siqukethe izinyathelo ezilula ongazithatha ukuze uvikele inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo.
- Shintsha i-ID yesistimu: Amadivayisi afika ne-ID yesistimu ezenzakalelayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-SSID (Isevisi yokuShawula isevisi) noma i-ESSID (Isihlonzi Sokusethwa Kwesevisi Esandisiwe). Kulula kumuntu oqhamukayo ukuthola ukuthi yini okuhlonzayo okuzenzakalelayo kumenzi ngamunye wezinto ezingenazintambo ukuze udinga ukushintsha lokhu kwenye into. Sebenzisa into ehlukile-hhayi igama lakho noma into eqagela kalula.
- Khubaza ukusakazwa kwe-Identifier: Ukumemezela ukuthi uxhumano lwe-wireless emhlabeni luyisimemo sabakwaduni. Uyazi kakade ukuthi unayo ngakho awudingi ukusakaza. Hlola ibhukwana ye-hardware yakho bese uthola ukuthi ungakhubaza kanjani ukusakaza.
- Nika amandla ukubethela: I- WEP (Ubumfihlo be-Wired Equivalent) kanye ne-WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) bhala idatha yakho ukuze umamukeli ohlosiwe kuphela okufanele akwazi ukuyifunda. I-WEP inemigodla eminingi futhi ivele iqhekeke kalula. Izinkinobho ezingu-128-bit zithinta ukusebenza kancane ngaphandle kokunyuka okukhulu kokuphepha ngakho-40-bit (noma 64-bit kwenye imishini) ukubethela okufanayo. Njengazo zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha kunezindlela ezizungezile, kodwa ngokusebenzisa ukubethela uzogcina abaduni abathintekayo bephuma ohlelweni lwakho. Uma kunokwenzeka, kufanele usebenzise ukubethela kwe-WPA (imishini eminingi endala ingathuthukiswa ukuze ihambisane ne-WPA). I-WPA ilungisa amaphutha okuphepha ku-WEP kepha isengaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwe-DOS (ukuphika kwenkonzo).
- Vimbela umgwaqo ongadingekile: Ama-router amaningi anamathebhu angenawo angenawo amakhadi. Akuzona izibhamu ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu, kepha zisiza ukudala enye enye yokuvikela. Funda ibhukwana ye-hardware yakho bese ufunda ukuthi ungamisa kanjani umzila wakho ukuze uvumele kuphela ukuhamba okungenayo noma okuphumayo okuvumile.
- Shintsha Iphasiwedi Yomqondisi Ozenzakalelayo: Lokhu kungumkhuba omuhle WONKE i-hardware nesofthiwe. Amaphasiwedi atholakalayo atholakala kalula futhi ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi abakhathazeki ukuthatha isinyathelo esilula sokuwushintsha ngokuvamile lokho abaduni bazama kuqala. Qinisekisa ukuthi ushintshe iphasiwedi ezenzakalelayo ku-router yakho engenayo / iphuzu lokufinyelela kunento engacatshangwa kalula njengegama lakho lokugcina.
- Patch futhi Vikela i-PC yakho: Njengendlela yokugcina yokuvikela kufanele ube nesofthiwe ye-firewall yomuntu siqu efana ne-Zone Alarm Pro ne- anti-virus software efakwe kwikhompyutha yakho. Kubalulekile njengokufaka isofthiwe ye-anti-virus, kufanele uyigcine kuze kube yimanje. Amagciwane amasha atholakala abathengisi bezinhlelo zansuku zonke nabanqanda-virus ngokuvamile ukukhulula izibuyekezo okungenani kanye ngesonto. Kumele futhi uhlale usesikhathini namathrekhi wokukhubazeka okuyaziwayo kokuphepha. Izinhlelo ze-Microsoft zokusebenzisa ungasebenzisa iWindows Update ukuze uzame futhi zikusize ukugcina unamanje ngama-patches.