01 ka 05
Izizathu Zezesayensi Ngenxa yokuthi Abantu Ngokuvamile Abavumelani Ngomsindo Wezintambo
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yomsindo wabathengi engiyihlolile, akekho oye wakhathazeka njengama-headphones. Kulezi zivivinyo eziningi zephaneli engiye ngazenza nge- Sound & Vision , nalabo engibamba iqhaza manje kwiThe Wirecutter, kuvame ukuhlukana okukhulu ngezindlela abalaleli abazibona futhi bachaze umsindo wekhanda lomakhalekhukhwini othize. Sibona umehluko omkhulu uma sifunda ukuphawula komfundi. Ngisho nangemva kokusilalisa ama-trolls, kusobala ukuthi abanye abantu bezwa izinto kancane ngokuhlukile.
02 ka 05
Awekho ama-Ears amabili afanayo
Isizathu # 1: Amathanga Ezindlebe Agxila Ngokukhululekile.
UJacob Soendergaard, injini yokuthengisa ye-GRAS Sound neVibration (inkampani eyenza i-cassette measurement gear) yangitshela ngalesi simo, futhi yayinomusa ngokwanele ukungiqondisa ku-PDF enomdla kakhulu echaza inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-tamulators / indlebe izihloko ze-head-and-torso esisebenzisayo namuhla.
Njengo-SC Dalsgaard we-University of Odense, omunye wabososayensi abahilelekile ohlelweni okukhulunywe ngenhla, ngakho ngokuhlakanipha nangokubeka ngobuciko ukuthi, "Umuntu ukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okukhulu kakhulu."
I-Soendergaard yachaza: "Ukuhlukahluka kwamaminithi ngayinye ku-geometry (umthamo we-canal ukuma, inani lamapulangwe nama-creases ku-canal, isilinganiso se-canal, indawo yezinsimbi ezimbili, ubukhulu bekhanda le-tympanic [eardrum], njll) kuzothinta ukuzwa kwezindlebe - - ikakhulukazi emazingeni aphezulu anezintambo ezincane kakhulu. "
Ungabona lokhu eshadini ngenhla, okuyinto inguqulo ebhaliwe yeshadi elivela ku-PDF engixhunywe kuyo. Lesi shadi siqhathanisa izilinganiso ezithathwe ngaphakathi kwamakhansela endlebe ezifundweni ezingu-11 zokuhlolwa ngempendulo ye-coupler eklanyelwe ukulinganisa izinsiza zokuzwa. Ngomvuthwandaba ngamunye wokuhlola, ungabona impendulo ye-coupler (umugqa oqinile), ukusabela okujwayelekile kwezihloko ezingu-11 zokuhlola (umbuthano) kanye nobubanzi bezimpendulo (into ebukeka njengamafutha, eceleni).
Njengoba ubona, impendulo yamakhansela endlebe awafani kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-1 kHz, kodwa ngaphezu kwe-2 kHz ukuhlukana komphendvulo kube mkhulu, futhi ngo-10 kHz bakhulu, cishe ngo-+/- 4 dB. Ukuze ubeke lokhu ngombono, umehluko wempendulo we +/- 2 dB - uthi, ukunciphisa amabhasi nge--2 dB nokukhuthaza ukuhamba nge-+2 dB - kwanele ukwenza ushintsho olukhulu kwibhalansi ye-tonal.
Mina ne-Soendergaard sasixoxa ngesilinganiso kulokhu, kodwa ingxoxo yethu ikhuluma nokulalela okuzithobayo, futhi ngoba i-eardrum yakho iphumelelayo ngedivaysi yakho yokulinganisa, ephethe cishe indiza efanayo ngokomzimba njengemakrofoni ngaphakathi kwe-simulator yezindlebe. Njengoba u-Soendergaard esho, ngokubhekisela kuma-frequency phakathi kuka-10 no-20 kHz (ububanzi obuphezulu bokuzwa kwabantu), "Uma ngabe idivaysi yakho yokulinganisa icutshungulwe yi-millimeter phakathi kokufaneleka komunye, uzobona imiphumela ehlukene kakhulu kumuntu ofanayo."
Ngakho-ke, umehluko we-canal ukwakheka - nokungafani okungenakugwemeka ngendlela i-headphones, ikakhulukazi e-earphone ephathekayo, isikhombimsebenzisi semibono ehlukene yezindlebe nezindlebe zomlomo - kungabangela i-headphones ukuthi iphendule ngokuhluke kakhulu ekubunjweni kwezindlebe ezehlukene ama-high frequencies. Uhlobo oluthile nje lwe-1mm olungafanele lungenza i-headphone ngezwi elincane lempendulo elikhanyayo noma elincane kakhulu.
Ngabona lesi simiso esenzweni eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, lapho umlobi olalelwayo (ozohlala engaziwa) wangitshela ukuthi wayethanda ngempela umakhalekhukhwini othile. Lokhu kwakungumakhalekhukhwini lapho ababuyekezi abaningi bevuma khona bezwakala kakhulu, futhi ukuthi izilinganiso zami zibonisa ukuthi kune-roll enkulu ngaphandle kwe-3 kHz. Ngibambisene nalo mlobi esikhathini esidlule, kanti mina naye ngivumelana ngokujwayelekile ekuhloleni kwethu izikhulumi ngisho nangaphezulu kwezindlebe nezindlebe zezindlebe, ukuhlolwa kwakhe kwezindlebe zekhanda kwakungefani neze neyami. (Kamuva, i-audiologist yamtshela ukuthi ukuma kwayo kwendlebe kwakungavamile kakhulu.)
03 ka 05
Wonke umuntu unomqondo ohlukile wesikhala - ene-Headphone, engcono kakhulu
Isizathu # 2: I-HRTF iVary Radically.
Umsebenzi wokuDluliswa okuHlangene nekhanda (i-HRTF) yilokho ubuchopho bakho obusebenzisa khona ukuthola umsindo ngobukhulu obukhulu. Kuhilela ukungafani ngesikhathi lapho umsindo ufika khona ezindlebeni zakho zonke; umehluko kumazinga omsindo endlebeni ngayinye; nokungafani ekuphenduleni kwemvamisa kubangelwa imiphumela ye-acoustical yekhanda, amahlombe, ne-pinnae uma imisindo ivela ezikhombini ezahlukene. Ubuchopho bakho busebenza futhi buhumusha zonke lezi zici ukukutshela lapho umsindo uvela khona.
Ama-headphones adlula ngemiphumela ye-acoustical yomzimba wakho, futhi ushintshe izikhathi zesikhathi nezinga ongayithola uma ulalela ukusebenza okubukhoma noma isethi yezikhulumi. Ngeshwa, ubuchopho bakho abukho inkinobho "ye-HRTF Bypass". Uma ugqoke ama-headphones, ubuchopho bakho bulalele kulawo mazwi akwa-HRTF, akuzwa abaningi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kukunika umuzwa wokuthi umsindo omkhulu uvela ngaphakathi kwekhanda lakho.
Njengoba ngifunde lapho ngivakashela inkampani okuthiwa i-Virtual Listening Systems ekuqaleni kuka-1997, wonke umuntu unomuntu ohlukile we-HRTF. Ukudala lokho okwaba yi-Sennheiser Lucas i-headphone pro processor, i-VLS ilinganisa i-HRTF yamakhulu wezihloko zokuhlolwa. Benza lokhu basebenzisa ama-microphones amancane abekwe ngaphakathi kwezindlebe zezindlebe. Isihloko ngasinye sokuhlolwa sasihlala ekamelweni elincane le-anechoic. Isikhulumi esincane engxenyeni ye-robotic sithumele ukuqhuma komsindo we-MLS. Ingalo ye-robotic yashukumisela isikhulumi ngezikhundla ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 ezihlukene, ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene ezingezansi nezingezansi, isikhathi ngasinye esivela ukuqhuma kwezivivinyo ukuze ama-microphone ezindlebeni zezifundo "azwe" imiphumela imizimba nemilebe yabo enomsindo.
(Abathandekayo bekhono lokushaya imisindo bangaqaphela lokhu kufana nezindlela ezithile enkambisweni yokulinganisa uSyyth Research isebenzisa kumprosesa wayo we-A8 Realiser.)
Ngifinyelele ekuhlolweni kweVLS ngokwami. Ososayensi benkampani base bethatha imiphumela yami futhi bawasebenzisa ngokusebenzisa iprosesa eyoshintsha isignali yomsindo ukulingisa ngokuqondile i-HRTF yami siqu. Umphumela wawumangalisa, njengento engizange ngiyizwe kunoma iyiphi enye inqubo ye-headphone. Ngazwa isithombe esicacile, esiphezulu sezwi lomculi ngqo phambi kwami - into ethi ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Dolby Headphones abukwazi ukungifinyelela kimi.
I-VLS ithathe imiphumela kusuka ezinkulweni zezihloko zokuhlola ukudala ama-presets angu-16 asetshenzisiwe ku-Lucas, ngalinye lihlolwe ukulingisa i-HRTF ehlukile. Ukuchofoza kuwo wonke ama-presets, kube nzima ukuxazulula eyodwa. Ngikhumbula ukuthi abanye babonakala behle kunabanye kimi, kodwa kwakunzima ukukhetha phakathi kokuhlelwa okunezinhlanu noma ezinhlanu. Akekho osebenze noma yikuphi eduze nalokho okulungiselelwe ukulungiswa kwamanje engikuzwile ebhokisini le-VLS.
Kungenzeka ukuthi kungani ama-processor amaningi abanjwe ngekhanda ephethe izinketho ezimbalwa kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, kufanele baphoqe uhlobo oluthile lwe-HRTF. Mhlawumbe uzothola inhlanhla futhi usondele eduze naleso silinganiso. Mhlawumbe umphumela uzoba kakhulu kakhulu kuwe. Noma mhlawumbe kuzoba yimfihlakalo kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokuthi wonke umuntu we-HRTF uhlukile, ubuchopho bethu bobuchopho obuhlukile-uhlobo olufana nekhava le- EQ - elisebenza kumisindo engenayo. Uma leyo curve yenxephezelo ihlanganiswa nezici zomzimba wakho, umphumela uyisindo ozwa nsuku zonke. Uma izici zomzimba wakho ziqedwa ngokusebenzisa i-headphone, ubuchopho bakho busebenza ngendlela efanayo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ikhefu ngalinye lesikhwama semali yesinxephezelo lihlukile kancane, izimpendulo zethu kumakhoniphone efanayo zingahluka.
04 ka 05
Ayikho uphawu, ayikho iBass
Isizathu # 3: I-Fit Changes the Sound.
Ukuthola ukusebenza okuhle kusuka kuma-headphones kuncike ekutheni ulingene kangakanani. Ngokuqondile, lokhu kusho ukulingana kwezindlebe zemisindo ekhanda ngaphezulu kwendlebe yakho, ukulingana kwamacici e-headphone e-indlebe ku-pinna yakho, noma ukuhambisana ne-silicone noma indlebe ye-foam endlebeni yengaphakathi ngaphakathi komngcele wakho wezindlebe. Uma kukhona uphawu oluhle, uzothola zonke izibhamu i-headphone yakhelwe ukuletha. Uma kukhona ukuvuza kunoma yikuphi, uzothola ama-bass angaphansi - futhi uzobona ibhalansi ye-tonal yekhanda le -phone njengoba ngaphezulu.
Ngokwengxenye, izici zomzimba wakho zithole ukuthi kufanele yini umakhalekhukhwini. Isibonelo, uma kungekho namanye amathiphu afika nekhanda lokungaphakathi-indlebe afanelana nawe kahle, leyo headphone ngeke izwakale inhle kuwe. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga kimi ngoba nginezimbongolo ezinkulu ezingavamile, futhi ngisebenza nami uGeoff Morrison ngoba unezimbongolo ezincane ezingavamile. Yingakho ngihlala ngidumisa abakhiqizi ngoba kufaka phakathi amasayizi amahlanu noma ngaphezulu / amathiphu amathiphu endlebe namakhanda ekhanda. Yingakho futhi I-Comply tips for foam kufanele ihlole uma ungenelisekile ngomsindo we-headphones wakho wezindlebe.
Ukwehluleka okubi kakhulu kubuye kufane ne-earphone ne-ear-ear ear-ear. Ngingacabanga ukuthi kuyinkinga enkulu nalezi zinsuku, ngoba kunezivimbela eziningi ezingase zibe khona ukufaka uphawu oluhle. Lokhu kufaka hlangana iinwele ezinde begodu / ezinzima, ama-eyeglass, begodu nokubhoboza indlebe. Gcwalisa amaphuzu endlebe ngaphandle kwe-tad, ngisho nengxenye ye-millimeter, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ulahlekelwe yizinsizakalo ezinganele ukuze ube nomthelela omkhulu umsindo wekhanda lomakhalekhukhwini.
Ama-headphone angaphezu kwe-ear-ear angakwazi ukulingana nabanye abantu kunabanye. Amanye ama- casphone e- audiophile afana ne- Audeze LCD-XC anezindlebe zezintambo ezinkulu kangangokuthi azikwazi ukuzungeze izindlebe nezihlathi zabantu abancane, ikakhulukazi abesifazane. Ngendlela efanayo, ezinye izindlebe ze-headphone ezingekho ngaphezulu kwe-ear do not really have space enough to accommodate earlobes ezinkulu like mine.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi uphawu olubi lungaba nethonya elihle. Nge-headphones-heavy, uphawu oluncane lungenza impendulo yabo ivezwe flat - into esiye sabona lapho senza Best $ 100 In-Ear Headphones ukudubula for The Wirecutter. Iphonephone yami eyintandokazi yalesi sigaba kwakuyi-Grain Audio IEHP, engangiyiphendule ngokuyisimangaliso nesimvelo. IEHP yazwakala kahle kangangokuthi ngangicabanga ukuthi amathiphu amakhulu kunazo zonke ezinikezwayo ayenginika uphawu oluhle. Kuwo wonke umuntu, noma kunjalo, i-IEHP's bass yayiphelelwe amandla. Kubonakala sengathi angizange ngithole uphawu oluqinile, kodwa wonke umuntu wayekhona - futhi washintsha ngokuphelele umbono wami wekhandaphone ukuze kube ngcono.
05 ka 05
Izizathu Ezingekho Kuzo Zonke Izintambo
Isizathu # 4: Ukuthandwa Komuntu Okuhlukile.
Yiqiniso, kunezizathu zokuthi abantu babike imibono ehlukene yomsindo wekhanda wekhanda njengoba nje kusebenza kwezinye imikhiqizo yomsindo.
Owokuqala ubonakala kakhulu: Abantu abahlukene banomusa ohlukile ozwakalayo. Abanye bangase bathande nje ama-bass amancane kunakho, noma ukuhamba kancane. Ngokusobala, bazokhetha ama-headphone ahlukile kunakho.
Lokho kuyafaneleka kuze kube iphuzu. Ngaphezulu nangaphandle kokuhluka okuvamile kokunambitheka, abanye abantu baye benza okungalungile - noma bebeka ngokungaqondile, imibono engalungile mayelana nomsindo. Sonke sihlangabezane nabantu abanomqondo ozwakalayo ozwakalayo okuncane kakhulu kunamaqabunga ahlekisayo. Abanye abathandayo abathandayo bakhetha ukugqama okukhulu, okuyinto abaphutha ngayo imininingwane kanye nokunemba. Ngahamba ngalesi sigaba ngokwami, kodwa izincwadi ezibalulekile zikaJ. Gordon Holt zangiqondisa.
Noma ngabe yini eyenza laba balaleli bajabule kulungile, kodwa akukhiphi izahlulelo eziwusizo mayelana nomsindo wekhanda ngaphandle kwalabo abahlanganyela ngokuthanda kwabo ngokweqile, futhi akukho ukuhlolwa okungahle kwenzeke, ukuhlolwa okungekho emthethweni kungase kuqinisekiswe ukuhlolwa kwabo.
Isizathu # 5: Ukuzwa Amakhono Ahluke Nebudala, Ubulili kanye Nokuphila Kwendlela
Nakuba iningi lethu liqala ukuphila ngokuzwakalayo okuzwakalayo okuzwayo, amandla ethu okuzwa ashintshela phakathi nokuphila kwethu.
Uma uthola umsindo ozwakalayo, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi ulahlekelwe ukuzwa kwakho ngezinye izikhathi. Lokhu kuyinkinga kubantu abenza imisebenzi yokuzilibazisa (ukuya emakhonsathini amakhulu, ukushayela izimoto, ukuzingela, njll) kanye / noma umsebenzi (ukwakhiwa, ezempi, ukukhiqiza, njll.) Ubavezela ngokukhala okukhulu.
Osukhulile, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangabezane nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwe-high-frequency hearing. Lokhu kuyinkinga ikakhulukazi namadoda. Ngokusho kwephepha elithi "Ukuhlukana kobulili ekutadisheni kwe-longitudinal ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ezihlobene nokudala," kusukela kuyi- Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , "... ukuzwela ukuzwela kunciphisa okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kumadoda njengabesifazane eminyakeni eminingi ama-frequencies ... "Lokhu kuyingxenye ngoba abantu ngokuvamile bahileleke kakhulu kunokuba abesifazane basemisebenzini lapho bezwa umsindo ozwakalayo, njengabo bonke ababalulwe ngenhla. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi izifundo zibonisa ukuthi amadoda akhululekile ukulalela umsindo ozwakalayo, ngesici se +6 kuya ku -10 dB phezu kwamazinga abesifazane abalalele ukulalela.
Ngokusobala, izici ezibonakalayo zomkhiqizo womsindo zizoshintsha njengoba ukulalela komlaleli kuzishintsha. Isibonelo, i-harmonics ephazamisa ukuhleleka okuphezulu, eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu izikhathi ezivakalayo zomsindo, ngokusobala kuyoba yinkinga enkulu kunowesifazane oneminyaka engu-25 kunomuntu oneminyaka engu-60 ubudala. Ngokufanayo, ukuphakama okungaba ngu-12 kHz kungase kungacaceki kumuntu oneminyaka engu-60 ubudala, kodwa kungenakubekezelelwa kumama oneminyaka engu-25 ubudala.
Yini Engayenza?
Umbuzo osobala uwukuthi, singabheka kanjani ama-headphones ngendlela ewusizo futhi ewusizo kubo bonke abalaleli? Futhi kuwo wonke umakhalekhukhwini?
Ngeshwa, cishe asikwazi. Kodwa singasondela.
Ngombono wami, impendulo iwukusebenzisa abalaleli abaningi abanezinhlobonhlobo zekhanda ezahlukene, amantombazane ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene / umthamo we-canal. Yilokho kanye uLauren Dragan akwenzayo ekubukezweni kwekhanda ehlela iThe Wirecutter, futhi yilokho esikwenzayo kuMsindo nombukiso lapho ngisekhona.
Ngixhumanisa nezinye izibuyekezo ze-headphones engizibukeza uma kungenzeka. Ngiphinde ngihlanganise izilinganiso zamabara - lapha nakubuchwepheshe bami be-headphone ye-SoundStage! I-Xperience - ukunikeza umqondo oyinhloko wendlela impendulo yomakhalekhukhwini.
"I-standard standard yegolide" kuyoba ukufaka izilaleli eziningi kanye nezilinganiso zamabara. Ngenze lokhu ezinsukwini zami ze- Sound & Vision , kodwa angikwazi noma iyiphi incwadi okwenzayo njengamanje.
Kunomthetho owodwa olula sonke esingathatha kulokhu: Qaphela ngaphambi kokuhleka usulu imibono yabanye abantu be-headphones.
Sibonga ngokukhethekile kuJacob Soendergaard we-GRAS Sound noVibration noDennis Burger ngosizo lwabo kanye nempendulo kule ngxenye. Uma unemibuzo noma imibono, sicela ungithumele nge-imeyli ekhelini elikulo mlando wami kule sayithi.