Ukubuka i-TV-Over-Air-TV Online - I-Aereo Controversy
QAPHELA: I- Aereo yenze imisebenzi ngomhla ka-06/28/14, ngemuva kweNkantolo Ephakeme Yase-United States Ukumemezela i-Aereo njengokuphula imithetho yama-US Copyright. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-11/22/14, i-Aereo ifake ukuvikelwa kokuphepha kweSahluko 11. Ukubukwa okulandelayo kwe-Aereo TV Streaming Service kuyagcinwa ukuze kufakwe irekhodi lomlando.
Izinketho zokubukwa kwe-TV
Kunezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo zokufinyelela izinhlelo ze-TV. Ikhebula ne-satellite yizindlela ezivame kakhulu, kulandelwa ukusebenzisa i-antenna yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle (ebizwa nge-OTA noma Over-the-Air). Kodwa-ke, indlela ekhula ngokukhuphuka nemingcele ibheka izinhlelo zeTV ngokuzihambisa zisuka kwi- intanethi , kungaba nge-PC, ifoni, ithebhulethi, i- Smart TV noma i- Blu-ray Disc player . Noma kunjalo, ukuphazamiseka kokubuka i-TV phezu kwe-intanethi yilokho, ngaphandle kwezimo ezingavamile, kungase kudingeke ulinde noma kuphi kusukela ngosuku kuya kokubili, kuya emasontweni, noma ezinyangeni ngaphambi kokuthi uhlelo lwakho oluthandayo lutholakale ngensizakalo yakho yokusakaza ye-inthanethi oyintandokazi.
Faka i-Aereo
Ngomzamo wokuhlinzeka abathengi ngokulula kokubuka i-OTA yokusakazwa kwe-TV ku-intanethi, isevisi entsha, i-Aereo, yavela endaweni yesehlakalo ngo-2013 futhi yafika ekuqaleni kokushesha, ngensizakalo etholakala eNew York City Metropolitan Area eqala ngo-Aril lowo nyaka futhi wanda ngokushesha eBoston nase-Atlanta ngalolo hlobo. Izinhlelo zazingenelela ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwezingu-20 ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Indlela Aereo Asebenza ngayo
Yini eyenza i-Aereo iyingqayizivele ukuthi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuye benza amandla ekukhiqizeni ama-antenna amancane amancane (asikhulumi kakhulu kunomunwe) owawubucayi kakhulu. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-antennas amancane azobe esehlanganisiwe abe yi-array futhi afakwa ngaphakathi kwendawo yedatha yedatha, kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-intanethi nokugcinwa kwe-DVR.
I-Aereo ingabe isakaze noma yiziphi izimpawu zakwa-TV zendawo ezitholwa nge-antenna (s), noma ngaphezulu kwe-intanethi, kunoma iyiphi inombolo yabhalisile abaphethe isofthiwe ye-Aereo efakwe kuma-PC ahambisanayo, amadivaysi aphathekayo, kanye nabasakazwayo abezindaba.
Njengebhonasi eyengeziwe, zonke izibonakaliso zarekhodwa, okwenza ababhalisile bakwazi futhi ukubuka noma yiluphi uhlelo esikhathini esilandelayo, isikhathi esikahle kakhulu sokukhetha kwabo, ngaphandle kokuthi babe ne-DVR yabo siqu.
Futhi, ngokuya nge-wired ( Ethernet , MHL ) nezinketho ezingenazintambo ( WiFi , Bluetooth , Miracast ) ezitholakalayo phakathi kwamadivayisi wakho we-intanethi kanye nesistimu yakho ye-TV yaseshashalazini, uhlelo lwakho lungabonwa kuma-TV amaningi noma kwenye idivaysi yokubonisa ividiyo ehambisanayo.
Kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi i-Aereo inikeze ukufinyelela kuphela ku-OTA iziteshi zokusakaza ze-TV ne-Bloomberg Television. Awuzange inikeze ukufinyelela kweziteshi zekhebula kuphela, noma izinsizakalo ezengeziwe zokusakaza nge-intanethi ezinikeze umlando wamasakazo adlule namanje noma imikhombandlela yekhebula, njenge- Netflix ne- Hulu .
I-Aereo Controversy
Phezulu, i-Aereo izwakala njengenye yalabo "kungani ngingacabangi ngalokho" imibono ewusizo eyanikeza indlela elula yokuletha i-TV yendawo yangaphakathi (kufaka phakathi izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zenethiwekhi), ngencazelo ephakeme , kubathengi amapulatifomu ngokuvamile angafinyeleleki kokuthola i-TV ebukhoma.
Kodwa-ke, le nsizakalo entsha yakhiqiza ukuphikisana okufudumele kusuka kumanethiwekhi amaningana wezokusakaza kweTV, ikakhulukazi i-FOX ne-CBS. Eqinisweni, i-CBS ayizange ivumele ingalo yayo yezindaba zobuchwepheshe, i-CNET, ukuthi ibuyekeze i-Aereo.
Esikhathini se-crux sokuphikisana kwabo kwakuwukuthi ngokungafani nezinsiza zekhebula ne-satellites, i-Aereo ayikhokhisi imali yokudlulisela kabusha kubasakazeli, noma ngabe ikhokhisa imali yokubhaliselwa kubasebenzisi bayo, efana nekhebula, i-satellite, noma isevisi yokusakaza, futhi unikeze ngezinsizakalo zohlobo lwe-DVR ezengeziwe, ezongeze ngokwengeziwe inkonzo ukuthi abasakazo abatholi ukwabelana.
Ukulwa nabasakazo, i-Aereo ithi ababhalisile bayo bathola uhlelo lwezinhlelo ezingenakulinganiswa emoyeni emoyeni, njengalokhu kunoma yimuphi umthengi uma enza i-antenna exhunyiwe ngqo ku-TV, kodwa kulokhu, i-Aereo iye yafaka phakathi i-antenna izindawo zokwamukelwa futhi nje nje unikeza isignali eyamukelwe kubhalisile.
Ngokusho kwe-Aereo, inani le-antenna lilingana nenani lababhalisile, okusho ukuthi "ngokwemisebenzi", ababhalisile ngabanye babe ne-antenna yabo siqu. Ngamanye amazwi: Bekuyini umehluko uma umbukeli we-TV ene-antenna yakhe ye-TV endlini noma etholakala endaweni enenzuzo kakhulu?
Ngenxa yokwanda okusha kwe-Aereo yencazelo ye-OTA TV yokuthola, njengoba abhalisile abaningi bekhetha ukuthola nokubuka uhlelo lwe-TV usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Aereo (noma bukhoma noma ngezinketho ze-DVR), iziteshi ze-TV (kokubili inethiwekhi nabazimele) bathi bezolahlekelwa yi-retransmission yamandla e-bargaining amandla ngekhebula kanye nabahlinzeki be-satellites, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise omunye wemithombo yabo yemali engenayo ngokomthetho.
Abasakazo be-TV bathi i-Aereo iphule umthetho we-US Copyright Act ngokuphathelene nokusebenza komphakathi kanye nezivumelwano zokudlulisa kabusha, futhi kufanele iphathwe ngendlela ehlukile kune-satellite noma umhlinzeki we-cable we-TV owamukela okuqukethwe kwenethiwekhi yendawo ye-TV futhi okumele akhokhe ( ngokubona kwababasakazi be-TV eshiwo ngenhla) imali yokubuyisela kabusha ilungelo, njengendlela ikhebula kanye nezinsiza ze-satellites ezisabalalisa ngayo okuqukethwe kubhekwa ukusebenza komphakathi.
Aereo vs Inkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States
Ngemuva kwezinyanga zokuqondiswa komthetho, lapho bobabili i-Aereo kanye nabaSakazi babone ukunqoba nokunqotshwa, konke kwavela enkantolo ngoJuni ka-2014 lapho iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-US ikhishwa isinqumo ngokumelene ne-Aereo. Nansi isifinyeto:
Ngokulinganiselwe, sibheke imininingwane yezenzo ze-Aereo, sizithola zifana kakhulu nezinhlelo ze-CATV ku-Fortnight and Teleprompter. Futhi lezo yizinto ezenziwa ukuguqulwa kuka-1976 ukuletha ngaphakathi koMthetho we-Copyright Act. Ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona umehluko, lawo mahluko ahlukumezi uhlobo lwesevisi Aereo ehlinzeka kakhulu ngendlela ezobuchwepheshe lapho inikeza khona inkonzo. Siphetha ngokuthi lezo zingxabano azitholakali ukubeka imisebenzi ka-Aereo ngaphandle koMthetho. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, siphetha ngokuthi i-Aereo "yenza imisebenzi ye-copyright" yezicelo zabanikazi bezicelo "esidlangalaleni," njengoba lawo magama echazwa yiSigatshana sokuThunyelwa. Ngakho-ke, thina siphenduka isinqumo esiphikisanayo seNkantolo Yokudluliswa Kokudluliswa Kwecala, futhi sikhipha icala ngalezo zinyathelo eziqhubekayo ezihambisana nale mbono. Kuyalwe kanjalo.
Amacala eningi: Breyer, Ginsburg, Kagan, Kennedy, Roberts, noSotomayor.
Amacala abambalwa: uScalia, uTomas no-Alito
Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, kuhlanganise nombono ophikisanayo obhalwe nguJustice Scalia egameni labancane, funda umbhalo ogcwele we-US Supreme Court Opinion
Nazi ezinye zezimpendulo zabadlali abalulekile abathintekayo ku-Aereo Controversy:
- I-Aereo Ukusabela eNkantolo Ephakeme
- Ukusabela Okusemthethweni Ngokwe-CEA (Consumer Electronics Association) ku-Aereo Ruling
- Ukusabela Okusemthethweni yi-NAB (National Association of Broadcasters) ku-Aereo Ruling
Ukuziphendulela: I- Aereo yenziwe isipele, ngokuyingxenye, yi-IAC, eyinkampani ye-Parent ye-and. Noma kunjalo, i-IAC ayinalo ukufaka okuhleliwe kokuqukethwe okuqukethwe kulesi sihloko.