Ziyini futhi kungani kufanele uwasebenzise
Ama-prefixes e-CSS omthengisi, futhi okwakuthiwa kuthiwa yi-prefixes noma isiphequluli se- CSS , iyindlela yokuba abenzi beziphequluli bangene ukwesekwa kwezici ezintsha ze-CSS ngaphambi kokuba lezo zici zisekelwa ngokugcwele kuzo zonke iziphequluli. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwesikhathi lapho umenzi wesiphequluli ekhomba khona ukuthi lezi zici ezintsha ze-CSS zizosetshenziswa kanjani. Lezi ziqephu zokuqala zaziwa kakhulu ngokuphakama kwe- CSS3 eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule.
Lapho i-CCS3 iqala ukuqaliswa, izakhiwo eziningana ezithokozile zaqala ukushaya iziphequluli ezahlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Isibonelo, iziphequluli ze-webkit-amandla (i-Safari ne-Chrome) yizo zokuqala ukwethula ezinye zezakhiwo zesitayela sezithombe ezifana nokuguqulwa nokuguqulwa. Ngokusebenzisa izitolo ze-prefixed, abaqambi bewebhu bakwazi ukusebenzisa lezo zici ezintsha emsebenzini wabo futhi bazibonise ezipheqululini ezazisekela ngokushesha, esikhundleni sokulinda wonke umakhi wesiphequluli ukuze abambe!
Ngakho-ke ngokubheka umthuthukisi we-web-end-front, izibikezelo zesiphequluli zisetshenziselwa ukwengeza izici ezintsha ze-CSS kwisayithi ngenkathi zithuthuzela ukwazi ukuthi iziphequluli zizosekela lezo zitayela. Lokhu kungasisiza ngokukhethekile lapho abakhiqizi bezingqikithi ezahlukene beqalisa izakhiwo ngezindlela ezahlukene noma nge-syntax ehlukile.
Ama-prefixes esiphequluli se-CSS ongawasebenzisa (okunye okucacile kwisiphequluli esihlukile) yi:
- I-Android: -webkit-
- I-Chrome: -webkit-
- I-Firefox: -moz-
- I-Internet Explorer: -msms-
- IOS: -webkit-
- I-Opera: -o-
- I-Safari: -webkit-
Ezimweni eziningi, ukusebenzisa isakhiwo sesitayela se-CSS entsha, uthatha impahla ejwayelekile ye-CSS bese ungeze isiqalo sesiphequluli ngasinye. Ama-prefixed versions azofika kuqala (kunoma iyiphi i-oda oyithandayo) ngenkathi impahla ejwayelekile ye-CSS izofika ekugcineni. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukwengeza ushintsho lwe-CSS3 kumadokhumenti wakho, uzosebenzisa indawo yokuguqula njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi:
-webkit- ukuguqulwa: konke ukukhululeka kwe-4;
-moz- ukuguqulwa: konke ukukhululeka kwe-4;
-ms- ishintsho: konke ukukhululeka kwe-4;
-Ukuguquka : konke ukukhululeka kuka-4;
Ukuguqulwa: konke ukukhululeka kwe-4;
Qaphela: Khumbula, ezinye iziphequluli zine-syntax ehlukile kwezakhiwo ezithile kunabanye, ngakho-ke ungacabangi ukuthi isiphequluli-prefixed version yepropati ifana nempahla ejwayelekile. Isibonelo, ukwakha i- CSS gradient , usebenzisa i-linear gradient impahla. I-Firefox, i-Opera, nezinguqulo zesimanje ze-Chrome ne-Safari zisebenzisa leyo mpahla ngesibalo esilandelayo ngenkathi izinguqulo zakuqala ze-Chrome ne-Safari zisebenzisa i-prefixed property -webkit-gradient. Futhi, i-Firefox isebenzisa amanani ahlukile kunezingqinamba.
Isizathu sokuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi usuqedile isimemezelo sakho nge-version evamile, engeyona prefixed ye-CSS impahla ukuze uma isiphequluli sisekela ukubusa, sizoyisebenzisa. Khumbula ukuthi i-CSS ifundwa kanjani. Imithetho yamuva ihamba phambili ngaphezu kokuqala uma ngabe okucacile kufana, ngakho-ke isiphequluli sizofunda inguqulo yomthengisi womthetho futhi isebenzise uma ingasisekeli ovamile, kodwa uma isenza, iyoba ngaphezulu kwenguqulo ye-vendor nge umthetho wangempela we-CSS.
Ama-prefixes akuthengisi akuyona iHack yilelo elaligqokwe
Ngesikhathi ama-prefixes abathengisi eqala ukuqala, ochwepheshe abaningi bewebhu bazibuza ukuthi beyingozi yini noma babuyele ezinsukwini ezimnyama zokufuna ikhodi yewebhu ukuze basekele iziphequluli ezahlukene (khumbula ukuthi " Leli sayithi libhekwa kangcono kumilayezo ye- IE "). Abathengisi be-CSS ababikezelayo akuzona ama-hacks, noma kunjalo, futhi akufanele ube nokubhuka mayelana nokuwasebenzisa emsebenzini wakho.
I-Hack ye-CSS ixhaphaza amaphutha ekusetshenzisweni kwesinye isici noma impahla ukuze uthole enye indawo ukuthi isebenze kahle. Isibonelo, i-hack model ye-harck ihlukumeze amaphutha lapho kusetshenziselwa impahla yomndeni wezwi noma ukuthi iziphequluli zihamba kanjani emuva. Kodwa lezi hack zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa inkinga yokwahlukana phakathi kokuthi i-Internet Explorer 5.5 iphathe kanjani imodeli yebhokisi nokuthi i-Netscape ihumushe kanjani, futhi ayihlangani nesitayela somndeni wezwi. Ngokujabulisayo lezi ziphequluli ezimbili eziphelelwe yisikhathi yilabo esingenakho ukuzikhathaza ngalezi zinsuku.
Isiqalo somthengisi asilusizi ngoba kuvumela imininingwane ukuthi imise imithetho yokuthi impahla ingase isetshenziswe kanjani, ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo evumela abenzi be-browser ukuthi baqalise ukufaka impahla ngendlela ehlukile ngaphandle kokuphula yonke into. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zibikezelo zisebenza ngezakhiwo ze-CSS ezizogcina ziyingxenye yenkomba . Sanezela nje ikhodi ethile ukuze uthole ukufinyelela kusakhiwo kusenesikhathi. Lesi esinye isizathu esenza uqede ukubusa kwe-CSS ngempahla evamile, engeyona prefixed. Ngaleyo ndlela ungaphonsa izinguqulo zangaphambili uma ukusekelwa okugcwele kwesiphequluli kufinyelelwa.
Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi isiphequluli sisekela sici esithile? I-website ye-CanIUse.com iyisisetshenziswa esimangalisayo sokuqoqa lolu lwazi nokukwazisa ukuthi yiziphi iziphequluli, futhi yiziphi izinguqulo zalezi ziphequluli, okwamanje ezisekela isici.
Ama-prefixes ase-Vendor ayasondeza kodwa angesikhashana
Yebo, kungase kuzwe kudabukisayo futhi kuphinde kubhale ukuthi kufanele kubhale lezi zakhiwo izikhathi ezingu-2-5 ukuze zisebenze kuzo zonke iziphequluli, kodwa yisimo sesikhashana. Isibonelo, eminyakeni embalwa nje edlule, ukusetha ikhoneni eliyindilinga ebhokisini owafanele ubhale ngalo:
Umzila-umngcele-umzila: 10px 5px;
-webkit-umngcele-phezulu-kwesokunxele-irediyo: 10px;
-webkit-umngcele-phezulu-kwesokudla-irediyo: 5px;
-webkit-umngcele-ngezansi-kwesokudla-irediyo: 10px;
-webkit-umngcele-ngezansi-kwesokunxele-radius: 5px;
Umngcele-umngcele: 10px 5px;
Kodwa manje ukuthi iziphequluli sezize zisekela ngokugcwele lesi sici, udinga ngempela inguqulo eqinisekisiwe:
Umngcele-umngcele: 10px 5px;
I-Chrome isekele impahla ye-CSS3 kusukela ku-version 5.0, i-Firefox yengeze ku-version 4.0, i-Safari yengeze ku-5.0, i-Opera ngo-10.5, i-iOS ku-4.0, ne-Android ngo-2.1. Ngisho i-Internet Explorer 9 iyayisekela ngaphandle kwesiqalo (futhi i-IE 8 futhi ephansi ayisekeli noma ngaphandle kokucacisa).
Khumbula ukuthi iziphequluli zizoshintsha njalo futhi izindlela zokudala zokusekela iziphequluli ezindala kuzodingeka ngaphandle kokuthi uhlela ekwakheni amakhasi ewebhu aneminyaka engezansi kwezindlela zanamuhla. Ekugcineni, ukubhalwa kwe-prefixes yesiphequluli kulula kakhulu kunokuthola nokuxhaphaza amaphutha okuzobe kushintshwe esikhathini esizayo, okudinga ukuthi uthole enye iphutha ekusebenziseni njalo nokunye.