Ukubukeka nokuzizwa, noma "isitayela" sewebhusayithi kubhalwe yi-CSS (i-Cascading Style Sheets). Leli fayili ozoyifaka ku-directory yakho yewebhusayithi ezoqukatha imithetho ehlukahlukene ye-CSS eyenza ukuklama nokubukwa kwamakhasi akho.
Ngesikhathi amasayithi angasebenzisa, futhi ngokuvamile enza, sebenzisa amashidi amaningi wesitayela, akudingekile ukwenza kanjalo. Ungakwazi ukubeka yonke imithetho yakho ye-CSS efayeleni elilodwa, futhi empeleni kunezinzuzo zokwenza kanjalo, kufaka phakathi isikhathi esiningi sokulayisha nokusebenza kwamakhasi ngoba akudingeki ukuthi ulande amafayela amaningi. Ngenkathi inkulu kakhulu, amasayithi omabhizinisi angadinga amashidi wesitayela ahlukene ngezikhathi ezithile, amasayithi amaningi amancane kuya kumaphakathi angenza kahle kakhulu ngefayela elilodwa nje. Yilokho engikusebenzisayo emsebenzini wami omkhulu wokuklama iwebhu - amafayela angama-CSS owodwa nawo wonke imithetho amaphepha ami adinga. Ngakho umbuzo manje uba-yini okufanele uyiqambe leli fayela le-CSS?
Ukuqamba amagama ayisisekelo
Uma udala ishidi lesitayela langaphandle lamakhasi akho wewebhu, kufanele usho igama lefayela elilandela imihlangano efanayo yokubiza amagama akho e-HTML:
Ungasebenzisi izici ezikhethekile
Kufanele usebenzise kuphela izinhlamvu az, izinamba ezingu-0-9, ukubeka phambili (_), kanye nama-hyphens (-) kumagama wefayela lakho le-CSS. Ngenkathi uhlelo lwakho lwefayela lungakuvumela ukuba udale amafayela nezinye izinhlamvu kuzo, iseva yakho ye-OS ingase ibe nezindaba nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Uphephile usebenzisa izinhlamvu ezibalulwe lapha kuphela. Ngemuva kwakho konke, noma ngabe iseva yakho ivumela izinhlamvu ezikhethekile, lokho kungase kungabi njalo uma unquma ukuhambisa abahlinzeki bokusingatha esikhathini esizayo.
Ungasebenzisi noma yiziphi izikhala
Njengalabo abalingiswa abakhethekile, izikhala zingabangela izinkinga kwi-server yakho yewebhu. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuwagwema amagama akho efayela. Ngize ngenze iphuzu ukubiza amafayili afana nama-PDF asebenzisa le mihlangano efanayo, uma nje ngidinga ukuwafaka kuwebhusayithi. Uma uzizwa udinga isikhala ukwenza igama lefayela lilula ukulifunda, khetha ama-hyphens noma ugcizelela esikhundleni salokho. Ukuze uthole izibonelo, kunokusebenzisa i- "lena ifayela.pdf" Ngingasebenzisa "le-yi-ifayela.pdf".
Igama lefayela kufanele liqale nge-Letter
Nakuba lokhu akuyona imfuneko ephelele, ezinye izinhlelo zinezinkinga ngamagama wefayela ongaqali ngencwadi. Isibonelo, uma ukhetha ukuqala ifayela lakho nomlingisi wenombolo, lokhu kungabangela izinkinga.
Sebenzisa yonke into engezansi
Ngenkathi lokhu kungadingeki igama lomsebenzisi, kungumqondo omuhle, njengoba amanye amaseva we-web anesizwe esibucayi, futhi uma ukhohlwa futhi ubhekisela ifayela ngecala elihlukile, ngeke lilayishe. Emsebenzini wami, ngisebenzisa izinhlamvu ezingezansi kuzo zonke igama lefayela. Ngempela ngithole ukuthi lokhu kuyinto okuthiwa abakhiqizi bewebhu abasha abanzima ukukhumbula ukukwenza. Isenzo sabo sokuzenzakalelayo lapho uqamba ifayela kufanele ukwandise umlingisi wokuqala wegama. Gwema lokhu futhi ungene emkhakheni wezinhlamvu eziphansi.
Gcina igama lefayela lifushane njengoba kungenzeka
Ngenkathi kunomkhawulo wesayizi wegama lefayela kwizinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza, sekude kakhulu kunokuthi kunengqondo igama lefayela le-CSS. Umthetho omuhle wesithupha ungekho ngaphezu kwezinhlamvu ezingu-20 zegama lefayela ngaphandle kokufaka isandiso. Ngokweqiniso, noma yini eningi kakhulu kunalokho engavumeleki ukusebenza nokuxhumanisa noma kunjalo!
Ingxenye Ebaluleke Kakhulu Yegama Lakho Lefayela Le-CSS
Ingxenye ebaluleke kunazo zonke yegama lefayela le-CSS akulona igama lefayela ngokwayo, kodwa isandiso. Izandiso azidingekile kuzinhlelo ze-Macintosh ne-Linux, kodwa umqondo omuhle wokufaka eyodwa noma kunjalo lapho ubhala ifayela le-CSS. Ngaleyo ndlela uzohlale uyazi ukuthi isitayela sesitayela futhi akudingeki uvule ifayela ukuze unqume lokho okuzayo.
Cishe akuyona isimanga esikhulu, kodwa isandiso kufayela lakho le-CSS kufanele kube:
.cssI-CSS Ifayela Lokubiza Imihlangano
Uma uke ube nefayela elilodwa le-CSS kusayithi, ungayibamba noma yini oyithandayo. Ngithanda noma:
styles.css noma default.cssNjengoba amasayithi amaningi engiwasebenzisayo afaka amafayela angama-CSS, lawo magama angisebenza kahle kimi.
Uma iwebhusayithi yakho izosebenzisa amafayela amaningi e-CSS, shayela amashidi wesitayela ngemuva komsebenzi wawo ngakho kucacile kahle ukuthi injongo yefayela ngayinye iyini. Njengoba ikhasi leWeb lingaba namashidi amaningi asetshenziswa kuwo, kusiza ukuhlukanisa izitayela zakho zibe ngamashidi ahlukene kuye ngokuthi umsebenzi walowo shici kanye nezitayela ezikuwo. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Isakhiwo vs Design layout.css design.css
- Izigaba zekhasi main.css nav.css
- Isayithi lonke elinama-sub-sections mainstyles.css subpage.css
Uma ngabe iwebhusayithi yakho isebenzisa uhlaka oluthile, cishe uzoqaphela ukuthi isebenzisa amafayela amaningi e-CSS, ngayinye idluliselwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zamakhasi noma izici zesayithi (typography, umbala, isakhiwo, njll).
Isihloko sokuqala sikaJennifer Krynin. Ihlelwe nguJeremy Girard ngomhlaka 9/5/17