Okudingayo ukwazi ngamafomethi we-HDR
Inani le-TV yokuziqhenya kwe- 4K yokuziqhenya liye laqhuma, futhi ngenxa yezizathu ezinhle, ubani ongafuni isithombe se-TV esengeziwe?
I-Ultra HD - Okungaphezu Kwesinqumo Sengane 4K kuphela
Isixazululo esingu-4K siyingxenye eyodwa yalokho okukhulunywa ngakho manje njenge-Ultra HD. Ngaphandle kokwenyuka kwesinqumo, ukwenza ividiyo ibonakale kangcono - umbala othuthukisiwe yinto eyodwa eyengeziwe esetshenzisiwe kumaqoqo amaningi, kodwa enye into ethuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithombe ngokuphawulekayo ukukhanya okucacile kanye namazinga wokungcola ngenxa yomkhiqizo wokukhanya okhulayo ngokubambisana nesistimu yokucubungula ividiyo ebizwa ngokuthi i-HDR.
Iyiphi i-HDR
I-HDR imele i- High Dynamic Range .
Indlela i-HDR isebenza ngayo ukuthi inqubo yokuzikhethela yezinto ezikhethiwe ezihloselwe isethulo sevidiyo yaseshashalazini noma sekhaya, idatha egcwele ukukhanya / yokuphambene ethunjiwe ngenkathi inqubo yokuqopha / yokudubula ifakwe ikhodi yesignali yevidiyo.
Uma ikhonjiswe ekusakazeni, ukusakazwa, noma kwi-disc, isignali ithunyelwa ku-TV enikwe amandla i-HDR, ulwazi lumisiwe, futhi ulwazi oluphezulu lweDynamic Range luyaboniswa, ngokusekelwe ekukhanyeni / ngokungafani kwe-TV. Uma i-TV engekho i-HDR-inikwe amandla (ebizwa ngokuthi i-SDR - Standard Dynamic Range TV), izovele ibonise izithombe ngaphandle kolwazi oluphezulu lweRynamic Range.
Ingeziwe ku-4K isinqumo nesithombe sombala obanzi, i-TV enikwe amandla ye-HDR (ehlangene nokuqukethwe okufakwe kahle), ingabonisa amazinga okugqama nokuqhathanisa eduze kwakho oyobona ezweni langempela. Lokhu kusho abamhlophe abamhlophe ngaphandle kokuqhakaza noma ukuthungatha, nabamnyama abajulile ngaphandle kokudaka noma ukuchoboza.
Isibonelo, uma une-scene enezinto ezikhanyayo kakhulu nezici ezimnyama kuhlaka olufanayo, njengelanga lokushona kwelanga, uzobona kokubili ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-Sun nezingxenye ezimnyama zaso sonke isithombe ngokucacile okulinganayo, kanye nazo zonke amazinga okukhanya phakathi.
Njengoba kunobuningi obubanzi obuvela kumhlophe kuya kumnyama, imininingwane engavamile ukubonakala kuzo zombili izindawo ezikhanyayo nezimnyama zesithombe se-TV evamile kubonakala kalula kuma-TV anikwe amandla we-HDR, enikeza isipiliyoni sokubuka okunethezeka ngokwengeziwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-HDR kuthinta kanjani abathengi
I-HDR isinyathelo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo ekuthuthukiseni isipiliyoni sokubukwa kwe-TV, kodwa-ke, abathengi babhekene namafomethi amane e-HDR abalulekile abathinta ukuthi yiziphi i-TV nezakhi eziphathelene nokuthengwa kokuqukethwe nokuqukethwe. Lezi zakhiwo ezine ziyi:
- I-HDR10
- Umbono we-Dolby
- I-HLG (i-Hybrid Log Gamma)
- I-HDR ye-Technicolor
Nansi i-rundown emfushane yefomethi ngayinye.
I-HDR10
I-HDR10 iyinqubo evulekile yamahhala engahlanganiswa nayo yonke ama-TV ahambisana ne-HDR, abamukelayo yaseshashalazini yasekhaya, abadlali be-Ultra HD Blu-ray, bese ukhetha abasakazwayo bezindaba.
I-HDR10 ibhekwa njengokujwayelekile njengoba imingcele yayo isetshenziswe ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke into ethile yokuqukethwe. Ngamanye amazwi, ububanzi bokukhanya okujwayelekile busetshenziswe kuwo wonke okuqukethwe kokuqukethwe.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqamba iphuzu eliqhakazile kakhulu ngephuzu elimnyama kumabhayisikobho kunqunywa, ngakho-ke uma okuqukethwe kwe-HDR kudlalwa emuva kwamanye amazinga okukhanya, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi ukusika noma isici esethwe ngokuhlobene nalokho ukukhanya okumbalwa nokukhanya okungaphezulu kuwukuthi yonke i-movie.
Kodwa-ke, ngo-2017, i-Samsung ibonise indlela yokubuka ngesimo se-HDR, okuyibiza ngokuthi i-HDR10 + (engeke idideke ne-HDR + ezoxoxwa kamuva kulesi sihloko). Njengoba nje nge-HDR10, i-HDR10 + ilayisensi mahhala.
Kusukela ngo-2017, nakuba wonke amadivayisi anikwe amandla we-HDR asebenzisa i-HDR10, nge-Samsung, i-Panasonic, ne-20th Century Fox zisebenzisa i-HDR10 ne-HDR10 + kuphela.
Umbono we-Dolby
I-Dolby Vision ifomethi ye-HDR ithuthukiswe futhi idayiswa yi-Dolby Labs , ehlanganisa kokubili ihadiwe kanye nemethadatha ekusebenzeni kwayo. Imfuneko eyengeziwe yukuthi abadali bokuqukethwe, abahlinzeki, nabenzi bezinsiza kudingeka bakhokhe imali ye-Dolby imali yokusebenzisa ilayisense.
I-Dolby Vision ibhekwa ngokunembile kune-HDR10 ngokuthi imingcele yayo ye-HDR ingabhaliswa ngesimo ngesimo noma ifreyimu-ngohlaka, futhi ingadlalwa emuva ngokusekelwe kwamakhono we-TV (ngaphezulu kule ngxenye kamuva). Ngamanye amazwi, ukudlala kusekelwe emazingeni okukhanya okukhona endaweni yokukhomba ekhonjiwe (njengefreyimu noma isiteji) kunokuba ikhawulwe izinga eliphezulu lokukhanya kwefilimu lonke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlela i-Dolby eyakhe ngayo i-Dolby Vision, ama-TV anikezwe amalayisensi ahlomile asekela leyo fomathi futhi inekhono lokunquma kokubili i-Dolby Vision ne-HDR10 (uma lokhu kuvuliwe "ukuthenga umenzi othile we-TV ohilelekile), kodwa i-TV evumelana ne-HDR10 ayikwazi ukucacisa izibonakaliso zeDolby Vision.
Ngamanye amazwi, i-Dolby Vision TV nayo inekhono lokunquma i-HDR10, kodwa i-TV kuphela ye-HDR10 ayikwazi ukucacisa i-Dolby Vision. Kodwa-ke, abahlinzeki abaningi bokuqukethwe abandakanya i-Dolby Vision encoding kokuqukethwe kwabo nabo bavame ukufaka ikhodi ye-HDR10 futhi, ngokukhethekile ukufaka ama-TV anikwe amandla we-HDR okungenzeka angahambisani ne-Dolby Vision. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umthombo wokuqukethwe uhlanganisa kuphela i-Dolby Vision futhi i-TV i-HDR10 ehambisanayo kuphela, i-TV izobe inganaki i-Dolby Vision encoding futhi ibonise isithombe njengesithombe se-SDR (Standard Dynamic Range). Ngamanye amazwi, kuleso simo, umbukeli ngeke athole inzuzo ye-HDR.
Amaklayenti e-TV asekela i-Dolby Vision ihlanganisa izinhlobo zokukhetha ezivela ku-LG, i-Philips, i-Sony, i-TCL ne-Vizio. Abadlali be-Ultra HD Blu-ray abasekela i-Dolby Vision bafaka izinketho zokukhetha kusuka ku-OPPO Digital, LG, Philips, neCambridge Audio. Noma kunjalo, kuye ngokuthi usuku lokukhiqiza, ukuhambisana kwe-Dolby Vision kungadinga ukungezwa ngemuva kokuthenga nge-updateware ye-firmware.
Ehlangothini lokuqukethwe, i-Dolby Vision isekelwa ngokusakaza ekusakazeni okuqukethwe okunikezwa ku-Netflix, i-Amazon, ne-Vudu, kanye nenani elilinganiselwe lamabhayisikobho ku-disc HD ye-Ultra HD Blu-ray.
I-Samsung ingumkhiqizo omkhulu we-TV kuphela odayiswe e-US ongasekeli i-Dolby Vision. I-Samsung TV kanye nabadlali be-Blu-ray ye-Ultra HD kuphela basekela i-HDR10. Uma lesi simo sishintsha lesi sihloko sizobuyekezwa ngokufanele.
I-HLG (i-Hybrid Log Gamma)
I-HLG (igama le-techie eceleni) iyifomethi ye-HDR eyakhelwe ikhebuli, i-satellites kanye nokusakazwa kwe-TV. Yakhiwe yi-NHK yaseJapane ne-BBC Broadcasting Systems kodwa ilayisensi ikhululekile.
Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-HLG yabamemezeli be-TV nabanikazi ukuthi ibuyele emuva emuva. Ngamanye amazwi, njengoba isikhala somkhawulokudonsa sisezingeni eliyinhloko labasakazo be-TV, besebenzisa ifomethi ye-HDR njenge-HDR10 noma i-Dolby Vision ngeke ivumele abanikazi be-HDR abafake ama-TV (kufaka phakathi ama-TV angenayo i-HD) ukubuka okuqukethwe kwekhodi ye-HDR, noma udinga isiteshi esihlukile nje ukusakaza okuqukethwe kwe-HDR - okungenayo imali.
Noma kunjalo, ukufaka ikhodi ye-HLG kungenye islayidi yesignali yokusakazwa equkethe ulwazi lokukhanya okungeziwe ngaphandle kwesidingo semethadatha ethize, engabekwa phezulu kwesignali ye-TV yamanje. Ngenxa yalokho, izithombe zingabonwa kunoma iyiphi i-TV. Uma ungenayo i-HDR ye-HDR ye-HLG, ngeke nje iqaphele ungqimba we-HDR obangeziwe, ngakho ngeke uthole izinzuzo zokucubungula okungeziwe, kodwa uzoba nesithombe se-SDR esivamile.
Noma kunjalo, ukulinganiselwa kwalendlela ye-HDR yukuthi nakuba inikeza indlela kokubili i-SDR ne-HDR TV ukuthi ihambelane namasignali afanayo wokusakaza, ayihlinzeki njengomphumela onembile we-HDR uma ubheka okuqukethwe okufanayo ne-HDR10 noma i-Dolby Vision encoding .
Ukuhambisana kwe-HLG kufakwe kuma-TV amaningi anikwe amandla we-4K Ultra HD HD (ngaphandle kwe-Samsung) nabamukeli bemidlalo yaseshashalazini abaqala ngonyaka ka-2017. Noma kunjalo, akukho okuqukethwe okukhokhelwe nge-HLG okwenziwe kuyatholakala - lesi sihloko sizobuyekezwa njengoba isimo sishintsha.
I-HDR ye-Technicolor
Ezingxenyeni ezine ezinkulu ze-HDR, i-Technicolor HDR ayinakukwazi futhi ibona ukusetshenziswa okuncane eYurophu. Ngaphandle kokwaziswa emininingwaneni yobuchwepheshe, i-Technicolor HDR cishe iyisombululo esiphezulu kakhulu, njengoba ingasetshenziswa kokubili okuqoshiwe (ukusakaza kanye ne-disc) nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-TV ezisakazwa nge-TV. Ingafakwa futhi ikhodi esebenzisa amaphuzu okubhekisela ohlaka-by-frame.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngendlela efanayo ne-HLG, i-Technicolor HDR ibuyele emuva ihambisana ne-HDR ne-SDR enikwe amandla iTV. Yiqiniso, uzothola imiphumela engcono kakhulu yokubuka ku-HDR TV, kodwa ngisho nama-TV e-SDR angazuza ngekhwalithi eyengeziwe, ngokusekelwe kumbala wabo, ukungafani, nokukhanyisa amandla.
Iqiniso lokuthi izimpawu ze-Technicolor HDR zingabonwa ku-SDR kwenza kube lula kakhulu kubakhi bokuqukethwe, abahlinzeki bokuqukethwe, nababukeli be-TV. I-Technicolor i-HDR iyizinga elivulekile elikhokhwa ngamakhosi mahhala kunoma yimuphi umhlinzeki wokuqukethwe nabenzi be-TV ukuthi baqalise.
I-Mapping Tone
Enye yezinkinga ekusebenziseni amafomethi e-HDR ahlukahlukene kumaTV yiqiniso ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-TV anezici ezifanayo zokukhishwa okukhanyayo. Isibonelo, i-TV enikwe amandla ephezulu ye-HDR kungenzeka ikhono lokukhipha okungenani ama-nits okukhanya angu-1 000 (njengamanye ama-TV aphezulu e-LED / i-LCD), kanti amanye angase abe nomkhiqizo ophezulu wezingu-600 noma ezingu-700 (OLED kanye ne-mid-range LED / i-LCD TV), kuyilapho amanye ama-TV anama-LED / i-LCD anikezwe nge-HDR aphansi angathumela kuphela ama-nits angu-500 kuphela.
Ngenxa yalokho, inqubo, eyaziwa njengeTone Mapping isetshenziselwa ukubhekana nalokhu okuhlukile. Kwenzekani ukuthi imethadatha efakwe kumabhayisikobho noma uhlelo oluthile libuyiswa kumakhono we-TV. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ububanzi bokukhanya kwe-TV bucatshangelwa futhi ukulungiswa kwenziwa ukuze kukhanye ukukhanya kanye nakho konke ukwaziswa okukhazimulayo okuphakathi, ngokuhambisana nemininingwane nombala okwamanje kumethadatha yangempela maqondana nobubanzi be-TV. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya okuphezulu okufakwe emethadatha akuhlanjulwanga uma kuboniswe ku-TV enekhono eliphansi lokukhipha ukukhanya.
I-SDR-to-HDR i-Upscaling
Njengoba ukutholakala kokuqukethwe kwe-HDR-encoded akunamanje okwamanje, amamaki amaningi we-TV aqinisekisa ukuthi imali eyengeziwe yabathengi abayichitha kwi-TV enikwe amandla ye-HD ayifuni ngokufaka ukuguqulwa kwe-SDR-to-HDR. I-Samsung ibhala isistimu yabo njenge-HDR + (engeke idideke ne-HDR10 + okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni), futhi i-Technicolor ibhala phansi uhlelo lwayo njenge-Intelligent Tone Management.
Noma kunjalo, njengoba nje nokuguqulwa kwe-upscaling nokuguqulwa kwe- 2D-to-3D, i-HDR + ne-SD-kuya-HDR ukuguqulwa akuhlinzeki umphumela onembile njengokuqukethwe kwe-HDR yangokwemvelo. Eqinisweni, okuqukethwe okuthile kungase kubonakale kuhlanjululwe noma kungalingani kusuka kwendawo kuya endaweni yesehlakalo, kodwa kunikeza enye indlela yokusebenzisa amandla okukhanya kwe-TVs anikwe amandla we-HDR. I-HDR + ne-SDR-to-HDR ukuguqulwa kungavulwa noma kuvaliwe njengoba kufunwa. I-SDR-to-HDR upscaling ibizwa nangokuthi i-Inverse Tone Mapping.
Ngokungeziwe ku-SD-to-HDR upscaling, i-LG ihlanganisa uhlelo olubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-HDR esebenzayo kwinombolo ekhethiwe ye-TVs enikwe amandla i-HDR eyengeza ukuhlaziywa kwe-scene-by-scene ukukhanya kokukhanya kokubili kokuqukethwe kwe-HDR10 ne-HLG, okuthuthukisa ukunemba kwalawo mafomu amabili.
Okubalulekile
Ukwengezwa kwe-HDR kuphakamisa nakanjani isipiliyoni sokubukwa kwe-TV futhi njengokungafani kwefomethi kukhonjisiwe futhi okuqukethwe kutholakala kabanzi kuwo wonke ama-disc, ukusakaza, kanye nemithombo yokusakaza, abathengi bayokwamukela njengoba nje banakho ukuthuthuka kwangaphambili ( ngaphandle kokuthi mhlawumbe ku-3D ).
Nakuba i-HDR isetshenziswa kuphela ngokuhlanganiswa nokuqukethwe okungu-4K Ultra HD, ubuchwepheshe buyiqiniso buzimele ngokuxazulula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngokuyisisekelo, ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izimpawu zevidiyo zokuxazulula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi 480p, 720p, 1080i, noma 1080p. Lokhu kusho nokuthi ukukhiqiza i-4K Ultra HD TV akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi ihambisana ne-HDR - umenzi we-TV kufanele enze isinqumo esiqinisekisayo sokuyifaka.
Noma kunjalo, ukugcizelelwa kwabadali bokuqukethwe nabahlinzeki bekufanele basebenzise ikhono le-HDR ngaphakathi kwesikhulumi se-4K Ultra HD. Ngokutholakala kwama-TV angama-4K ama-HD, ama-DVD, nabadlali abavamile be-Blu-ray disc behla, futhi ngobuningi be-4K Ultra HD TV kanye nenani elandisiwe lama-Play HD Blu-ray Players atholakalayo, kanye nokuqaliswa okuzayo ye- ATSC 3.0 ukusakazwa kwe-TV , isikhathi nokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-HDR ubuchwepheshe obufanelekile ekwenzeni ngcono okuqukethwe okungu-4K Ultra HD, amadivaysi omthombo, nama-TV.
Nakuba kulesi sigaba samanje sokuqaliswa kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukudideka okukhulu, ungesabi. Into esemqoka okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi nakuba kukhona ukungafani kwekhwalithi efihlakeleyo phakathi kwefomethi ngayinye (i-Dolby Vision ibhekwa ukuthi inomkhawulo ophansi kuze kube manje), zonke izakhiwo ze-HDR zinikeza ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekuhlangenwe nakho kokubuka kwe-TV.