I-Layers Three ye-Web Design

Kungani wonke amawebhusayithi akhiwe ngokuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo, isitayela nokuziphatha

Ukufanisa okujwayelekile okusetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-web-end-end yokugcina ukuthi kufana nesitokisi esinemilenze engu-3. Le migwaqo engu-3, ​​eyaziwa ngokuthi izingxenye ezintathu zokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu, yiSakhiwo, Isitayela, kanye Nezintandokazi.

Izingxenye ezintathu ZeNtuthuko YeWebhu

• Isakhiwo noma ungqimba wokuqukethwe
  • Isakhiwo noma isendlalelo sokuqukethwe kwekhasi lewebhu yikhodi ye-HTML ephansi yalekhasi. Njengesiqalo sendlu sakha isisekelo esiqinile phezu kwayo yonke indlu eyakhiwe, ngakho-ke isisekelo esiqinile se-HTML sakha isiteji lapho i-website ingadalwa khona. Isakhiwo se-HTML singaba nombhalo noma izithombe futhi kufaka phakathi ama-hyperlink ukuthi izivakashi zizozisebenzisa ukuzulazula lewebhu.
• Isitayela noma ungqimba wesethulo
  • Isitayela noma ungqimba wesethulo luchaza indlela idokhumenti ehleliwe ye-HTML ezobukeka ngayo kuzivakashi zesayithi. Lo ungqimba uchazwa yi- CSS (ama-Cascading Style Sheets). Lawa mafayela aqukethe izitayela ezibonisa indlela idokhumenti okufanele iboniswe ngayo kusiphequluli sewebhu. KuWebhu wanamuhla, isendlalelo sesitayela singabandakanya iMedia Queries engashintsha ukubukwa kwesayithi ngokusekelwe kumasayizi namaskrini ehlukene.
• Ukuziphatha
  • Ukulayishwa kokuziphatha kungqimba kwekhasi leWeb elikwazi ukusabela ezenzweni ezahlukene zomsebenzisi noma ukwenza izinguquko ekhasini ngokusekelwe kwezimo. Kwamakhasi amaningi weWebhu, izinga lokuziphatha lingaba ukusebenzisana kweJavaScript ekhasini.

Kungani Kufanele Uhlukanise Amathebhu?

Uma udala ikhasi lewebhu, kuyadingeka ukugcina izendlalelo zihlukaniswe ngangokunokwenzeka. Isakhiwo kufanele sifike ku-HTML yakho, izitayela ezibukwayo ku-CSS, nokuziphathisa kunoma yiziphi izikripthi esetshenziselwa isayithi.

Eminye yezinzuzo zokuhlukanisa izingqimba yilezi:

• Izinsiza ezabelwana ngazo
  • Uma ubhala ifayela le-CSS langaphandle noma ifayela leJavaScript, ungasebenzisa lelo fayela nganoma yiliphi ikhasi ekhasini lakho lewebhu. Uma udinga ukwenza ushintsho kulelo fayela, mhlawumbe ukubuyekeza ezinye izitayela ze-typographic kuwebhusayithi, wonke amakhasi asebenzisa leso sitayela sezitayela azothola ushintsho. Asikho isidingo sokuhlela wonke amakhasi wewebhusayithi ngayinye, okuyinto ukuze isayithi elikhudlwana libe yinto enzima kakhulu.
• Ukulandwa okusheshayo
  • Uma iskriphthi noma isitayela sezindlela ezilandiwe yikhasimende lakho okokuqala, ligcinwe isiphequluli sewebhu. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinsiza ezabelwana ngazo manje ziqukethe isilondolozi, amanye amakhasi acele umthwalo wesiphequluli ngokushesha, okuthuthukisa isivinini sekhasi jikelele nokusebenza.
• Amaqembu amaningi abantu
  • Uma unabantu abangaphezu koyedwa osebenza kuwebhu ngesikhathi esisodwa, ungasebenzisa izinhlelo ukuthi "zihlole" futhi "zihlole" zamafayela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu eqembu usebenza nezinguqulo zakamuva zamafayela. Lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza uma izitayela nezindlela zokuziphatha zihlanganiswa nezincwadi zesakhiwo.

• SEO
  • Isayithi elinokuhlukaniswa okucacile kwesitayela nesakhiwo kungase kuthuthukise izinjini zokusesha kusukela lezo zingosi zingakwazi ukukhanda ngokucophelela lokho okuqukethwe futhi ziqonde ikhasi ngaphandle kokuthola isitayela esibukwayo noma ulwazi lokuziphatha.
• Ukufinyeleleka
  • Amashidi wesitayela sangaphandle kanye namafayela weskripthi afinyeleleka kubantu nakwezinye iziphequluli. Ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwesitayela nesakhiwo, isofthiwe efana nabafundi be-screen bangakwazi ukucubungula kalula okuqukethwe kokungqimba kwesakhiwo ngaphandle kokubanjwa izitayela abazikwazi ukuzisebenzisa noma kunjalo.
• Ukuhambisana okumuva
  • Uma unesayithi elenzelwe izendlalelo zentuthuko, lizobuyela emuva lihambelane ngoba iziphequluli noma idivaysi engakwazi ukusebenzisa izitayela ezithile ze-CSS noma okungenzeka ukuthi iJavaScript ikhutshaziwe ingabuka i-HTML. Ibhulogi lakho lingathuthukiswa kancane kancane ngezici zeziphequluli ezisekela.

I-HTML - I-Layout Layer

Isendlalelo sakhiwo lapho ugcina konke okuqukethwe amakhasimende akho afuna ukukufunda noma ukubheka. Lokhu kuzokwenziwa kumazinga ahambisana ne-HTML5 futhi ingafaka umbhalo nemifanekiso kanye ne-multimedia (ividiyo, umsindo, njll). Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izici zokuqukethwe kwesayithi lakho zimelelwe kwisendlalelo sesakhiwo. Lokhu kuvumela noma yikuphi amakhasimende aseJavaScript avaliwe noma angakwazi ukubuka i-CSS ukuze aqhubeke nokufinyelela kuyo yonke indawo yewebhu, uma kungenjalo wonke umsebenzi wale sayithi.

I-CSS - Ithebhu yezitayela

Uzodala zonke izitayela zakho ezibukwayo zewebhu lakho kwisitayela sangaphandle. Ungasebenzisa amathebhu amaningi wezitayela, kodwa khumbula ukuthi ifayela ngalinye elihlukile le-CSS idinga isicelo se-HTTP ukulanda, sithinta ukusebenza kwesayithi.

I-JavaScript - I-Layer Behavior

I-JavaScript iyilwimi elisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukubhekwa kokuziphatha, kodwa njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, i-CGI ne-PHP nayo ingabangela ukuziphatha kwekhasi leWebhu. Lokhu kuthiwa, lapho abathuthukisi abaningi bebhekisela ekubhekeni kokuziphatha, basho ukuthi ungqimba olusebenza ngokuqondile kusiphequluli seWebhu - ngakho-ke i-JavaScript ihlala ihlala njalo ulimi oluthandayo. Usebenzisa loluhlu ukuze uhlanganyele ngqo ne-DOM noma i-Document Object Model. Ukubhala i-HTML evumelekile kusendlalelo sokuqukethwe kubalulekile futhi ekusebenzisaneni kwe-DOM ekusendeni kokuziphatha.

Uma wakha ekubhekeni kokuziphatha, kufanele usebenzise amafayela weskripthi sangaphandle njengeCSS. Uthola zonke izinzuzo ezifanayo zokusebenzisa ishidi lesitayela sangaphandle.