Izinkampani eziningi zesevisi emhlabeni wonke ziye zaba matasa ukufaka isizukulwane esisha sezixhobo zokuhlala ezibizwa ngamamitha ahlakaniphile . Lezi zunithi ziqapha ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi (noma amanzi) futhi ziyakwazi ukuxhumana namanye amadivaysi asekude ukuhlanganyela idatha nokuphendula imiyalo. Amamitha ahlakaniphile ngokuvamile asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obungenazintambo zokuxhumana ezingasetshenziswa ukuhlanganiswa namanethiwekhi ekhompyutha.
Ukusebenza Kanjani Amamitha Smart Angenayo
Uma kuqhathaniswa namamitha wendawo yokuhlala, amamitha ahlakaniphile anikezela izinkampani zesevisi futhi kaningi futhi abaninikhaya inqubo eguquguqukayo yokulandelela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Lawa makamitha asekhompuyutha afaka izinzwa zedijithali nama-interfaces wokuxhumana wokuqapha nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Amanye amamitha axhumana kuphela ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi we-powerline kanti amanye afaka izinketho zokuxhuma ezingenantambo.
I-US Pacific Gas and Electric (PG & E) i-SmartMeter ™ imelela imitha ejwayelekile ye-wireless ye-wireless. Le divayisi ibhala ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kwekhaya kanye ngehora futhi idlulisela idatha emuva kwenethiwekhi yezintambo ezingenazintambo ukufinyeleleka amaphuzu ahlanganisa futhi alayishe idatha encrypted kusuka endaweni kuya emahhovisi ezinkampani PG & E phezu inethiwekhi eselula ibanga leselula. Inethiwekhi iphinde isekele ukuxhumana okuvela kuHulumeni ukuya endaweni yokuhlala, eyenzelwe ukusetshenziselwa ukuvala noma ukusetha kabusha igridi yamandla ekhaya ukuze kusize ululame kusuka ekuphumeni.
Isilinganiso sezobuchwepheshe esibizwa ngokuthi i- Smart Energy Profile (SEP) sakhiwe futhi sakhuthazwa ngamaqembu amazinga e-US njengendlela yamamitha ahlakaniphile namadivayisi afanayo ukuhlanganisa nemishini yokuxhumana yasekhaya. I-SEP 2.0 igijima phezulu kwe- IPv6 , isevisi ye-Wi-Fi , i- HomePlug nezinye izindinganiso ezingenantambo. Uhlelo lwe- Open Smart Grid Protocol (OSGP) luhlelo oluhlanganyelwe lokuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi olukhuthazwa eYurophu.
Inombolo ekhulayo yamamitha angenawaya ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yeZigbee ukusekela ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuzenzakalela ekhaya . I-SEP yasungulwa ngokuyinhloko ukusekela amanethiwekhi weZigbee, asekela i-SEP 1.0 nazo zonke izinguqulo ezintsha.
Izinzuzo zama-Smart Meters
Abanikazi bezindlu bangasebenzisa le ndlela yokuqapha efanayo yokufinyelela idatha yangempela yokusebenzisa kanye nokusetshenziswa okusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni, ngokubambisana nabo ukuba basindise imali ngokukhuthaza imikhuba yokulondoloza amandla. Amamitha amaningi kakhulu angathumela imilayezo yokuxwayisa emakhaya ukuxwayisa imicimbi ebalulekile njengokudlula amandla esethiwe ngaphambilini noma umkhawulo wezindleko.
Ukukhathazeka Komthengi ngamamitha a-Smart
Abanye abathengi abathandi umshini wokuqapha amadivaysi afakwe emakhaya abo ngenxa yezizathu zangasese. Ukwesaba kuvela ezinhlobonhlobo zedatha insiza eqoqayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-hacker yenethiwekhi ingacabanga ukuthi la madivaysi ahlose ukuthatha inzuzo.
Labo abathintekayo mayelana nemiphumela yezempilo engaba khona kusukela ekuvelelweni kwempawu zomsakazo baye babonisa ukukhathazeka nokusetshenziswa okuvamile kwamamitha ama-wireless angenantambo.