I-IPv6 / IPng ichazwe
I-IPv6 inguqulo entsha neyithuthukisiwe yenqubo ye- IP . Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi i-IP iyini, yimuphi umkhawulo wayo, nokuthi lokhu kuye kwaholela ekudalweni kwe-IPv6. Kukhona incazelo emfushane ye-IPv6.
I-IP Protocol
I-IP (i-Protocol Protocol) ingenye yezivumelwano ezibaluleke kakhulu kumanethiwekhi, kuhlanganise ne-Inthanethi. Kunesibopho sokukhomba umshini ngamunye kwinethiwekhi ngekheli eliyingqayizivele ( ikheli le-IP ) nokuhambisa amaphakethe wedatha kusuka emthonjeni wabo kuya emshinini wabo wokuya kulokhu okukhulunywa ngakho. Inguqulo yangempela ye-protocol ye-IP esetshenziswa yi-IPv4 (i-IP version 4).
Ukulinganiselwa kwe-IPv4
Ukwakhiwa kwekheli lamanje le-IP (IPv4) lunezinombolo ezine eziphakathi kuka-0 no-255, ngamunye ohlukaniswe ngethiza. Isibonelo ngu-192.168.66.1; njengoba inombolo ngayinye iboniswe ku-binary ngezwi le-8-bit, ikheli le-IPv4 lakhiwe ngamanani ama-binary angu-32 (ama-bits). Inombolo ephezulu ongayenza nge-32 bits yi-4.3 billion (2 ephakanyiswe emandleni 32).
Umshini ngamunye ku-intanethi kufanele ube nekheli le-IP elingavamile - akukho mishini emibili ingaba nekheli elifanayo. Ngakho-ke kusho ukuthi i-Inthanethi ingabamba imishini kuphela engu-4.3 billion, okuyinto eningi kakhulu. Kodwa ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-IP, ngenxa yokuntuleka kombono kanye nokunye kwezebhizinisi, amakheli amaningi e-IP ayexoshwa. Zathengiswa ezinkampanini, ezisebenzisa ngaphansi kwazo. Awukwazi ukufunwa emuva. Ezinye ezinye zivinjelwe ngezinhloso ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa komphakathi, njengokucwaninga, ukusetshenziswa okuhlobene nekhnoloji, njll. Amakheli asele ayancipha futhi, ngokucabangela inani lamakhompiyutha womsebenzisi, ama-host and namanye amadivaysi axhunyiwe ku-Inthanethi, maduze sizosebenza ngaphandle kwamakheli e-IP!
Funda kabanzi: I- Protocol Protocol , ikheli le-IP , amaphakethe , ukuhamba kwe-IP
Faka iPv6
Lokhu kwaholela ekuthuthukiseni inguqulo entsha ye-IP ebizwa nge-IPv6 (IP version 6), eyaziwa nangokuthi IPng (isizukulwane esisha se-IP). Uzobuza ukuthi kwenzekani ku-version 5. Kulungile, lakhiwa, kodwa yahlala esizindeni socwaningo. I-IPv6 yiyona nguqulo ekulungele ukudluliselwa phezu kwe-Inthanethi yonke futhi yamukelwa yibo bonke abantu (nanoma yisiphi isidalwa) esebenzisa i-intanethi namanethiwekhi. I-IPv6 iletha ukuthuthukiswa okuningi, ikakhulukazi enombolweni yemishini engasetshenziswa kwi-intanethi.
I-IPv6 ichazwe
Ikheli le-IPv6 linama-128 bits, ngakho-ke kuvumela inombolo yezinkanyezi zemishini. Lokhu kufana nokubaluleka kwe-2 okuphakanyiswe emandleni ka-128, inombolo enezinhlamvu ezingu-40 ezilandelanayo.
Manje kufanele ucabange ngokuphazamiseka kwamakheli amade. Lokhu kuqondwe futhi - ikheli le-IPv6 linemithetho yokucindezela. Okokuqala, izinombolo zimelelwa ku-hexadecimal esikhundleni sezinombolo zamadesimali. Izinombolo ezidumile ziyizinombolo ezivela ku-0 kuya ku-9 umphumela wezinombolo ze-Hexadecimal kusukela ekuqoqweni kwezinkinobho ku-4, enikeza izinhlamvu ezilandelayo: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C , D, E, F. Ikheli le-IPv6 lenziwe ngalaba abalingiswa. Njengoba izingxenye zihlanganiswe ku-4, futhi ikheli le-IPv6 lizoba nezinhlamvu ezingu-32. Kude, he? Lokhu akusibi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba kunezivumelwano ezisiza ukunciphisa ubude bekheli le-IPv6 ngokucindezela izinhlamvu zokuphindaphinda, isibonelo.
Isibonelo sekheli le-IPv6 ngu- fe80 :: 240: d0ff: fe 48: 4672 . Leli linamahlamvu angu-19 kuphela - kube khona ukucindezelwa, into ehamba ngaphezu kwalesi sihloko. Qaphela ukuthi i-separator ishintshile kusuka ephashazini kuya kolononi.
I-IPv6 ayixazulula kuphela inkinga yokunciphisa ikheli, kodwa iphinde ilethe ezinye izinguquko ku-protocol ye-IP, njenge-autoconfiguration kuma-routers nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukuguqulwa Kuvela ku-IPv4 kuya ku-IPv6
Usuku lapho i-IPv4 ngeke isakwazi ukusebenza khona, futhi manje ukuthi i-IPv6 iseduze, inselelo enkulu kakhulu ukwenza ushintsho oluvela ku-IPv4 kuya ku-IPv6. Ake ucabange ukuvuselela i-bitumen yomgwaqo ngaphansi komgwaqo onzima. Kukhona izingxoxo eziningi, izincwadi nezincwadi zocwaningo eziqhubekayo futhi sithemba ukuthi uma kufika isikhathi, ushintsho luzosebenza kahle.
Ubani Ongakwenza Ku-intanethi?
Lo mbuzo abantu abaningi bayabheka, njengoba konke kuthathwa kalula. Ubani othuthukisa izivumelwano ezifana ne-IPv6 futhi zonke lezi amakheli zilawulwa kanjani?
Inhlangano ephethe ukuthuthukiswa kwezivumelwano kanye nezinye ubuchwepheshe be-inthanethi ibizwa nge-IETF (Inthanethi Engineering Task Force). Iqukethe amalungu omhlaba wonke ahlangana ngama-workshops izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka ukuze axoxe ngezobuchwepheshe, lapho ubuchwepheshe obusha noma izibuyekezo ziqala khona. Uma ngelinye ilanga usungula ubuchwepheshe obunethiwekhi obusha, lena yindawo okufanele uhambe ngayo.
Inhlangano elawula ukusatshalaliswa nokwabiwa kwamakheli namagama (njengegama lesizinda) kwi-Inthanethi ibizwa nge-ICANN.