Incazelo yekheli le-IP nokuthi kungani wonke amakhompyutha namadivayisi adinga eyodwa
Ikheli le-IP, elincane lekheli le-Intanethi ye-Intanethi, yinombolo yokukhomba yechungechunge lwe- hardware yenethiwekhi. Ukuba nekheli le-IP kuvumela idivaysi ukuthi ikhulume namanye amadivaysi ngenethiwekhi ye-IP esekelwe njenge-intanethi.
Amakheli amaningi e-IP abukeka kanje:
151.101.65.121Amanye amakheli e-IP ongase uwahlangabezane angabheka okuningi kanje:
2001: 4860: 4860 :: 8844Kuningi kakhulu kulokho okushiwo lokho okushiwo yizingxenye ze- IP Versions (IPv4 vs IPv6) ngezansi.
Iyini ikheli le-IP elisetshenziselwa?
Ikheli le-IP linikeza ubunikazi kudivayisi enethiwekhi. Njengoba kufana nekheli lekhaya noma lebhizinisi elihlinzeka ngendawo eqondene nendawo nekheli elibonakalayo, amadivaysi enethiwekhi ahlukaniswe omunye komunye ngamakheli e-IP.
Uma ngizothumela iphakheji kumngane wami kwelinye izwe, kufanele ngizi ukuthi ngikuphi lapho ngizo khona. Akwanele ukufaka iphakheji ngegama lakhe kukho ngeposi bese ulindele ukuthi lifinyelele kuye. Kumele nginamathisela ikheli elithile kulo, ongayenza ngokulibuka encwadini yefoni.
Inqubo efanayo efanayo isetshenziswa lapho ithumela idatha phezu kwe-intanethi. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ibhuku lefoni ukuze ubheke igama lomuntu ukuze uthole ikheli laso, ikhompyutha yakho isebenzisa amaseva e- DNS ukuze ubheke igama lokusingatha ukuthola ikheli layo le-IP.
Isibonelo, uma ngifaka iwebhusayithi njenge www. kusiphequluli sami, isicelo sami sokulayisha leli khasi lithunyelwa kuma-DNS amaseva abheka lelo gama lomkhosi () ukuthola ikheli le-IP elihambelana nalo (151.101.65.121). Ngaphandle kwekheli le-IP, i-computer yami ngeke ikwazi ukuthi yikuphi engilandelayo.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Amakheli E-IP
Ngisho noma ngabe uzwile ngamakheli e-IP ngaphambili, ngeke uqaphele ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezithile zamakheli e-IP. Ngesikhathi wonke amakheli e-IP enza izinombolo noma izinhlamvu, akuzona zonke amakheli asetshenziselwa injongo efanayo.
Kukhona amakheli e-IP wangasese , amakheli e-IP omphakathi , amakheli e- static IP , namakheli e-IP ashukumisayo . Yizo ezihlukahlukene ngempela! Ukulandela lezo zixhumanisi kuzokunika ulwazi oluthe xaxa kulokho okushiwo yilowo nalowo. Ukwengeza ekubunjeni, uhlobo ngalunye lwekheli le-IP lungaba ikheli le-IPv4 noma ikheli le-IPv6-futhi, ngaphezulu kulawa ngezansi kuleli khasi.
Ngamafuphi, amakheli e-IP yangasese asetshenziselwa "ngaphakathi" inethiwekhi, njengaleyo osebenza ngayo ekhaya. Lezi zinhlobo zamakheli e-IP zisetshenziselwa ukunikeza indlela amadivaysi akho okuxhumana nomzila wakho kanye nawo wonke amanye amadivayisi kunethiwekhi yakho yangasese. Amakheli e-IP wangasese angasethwa ngesandla noma abelwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngu-router wakho.
Amakheli e-IP womphakathi asetshenziselwa "ngaphandle" kwenethiwekhi yakho futhi abelwe i- ISP yakho. Ikheli eliyinhloko ukuthi inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya noma ibhizinisi isebenzisa ukuxhumana namanye amadivaysi enethiwekhi emhlabeni wonke (ie internet). Ihlinzeka indlela amadivaysi asekhaya lakho, isibonelo, ukufinyelela i-ISP yakho, ngakho-ke izwe langaphandle, elibavumela ukuba benze izinto ezinjengewebhusayithi yokufinyelela futhi baxoxe ngokuqondile namanye amakhompyutha abantu.
Kokubili amakheli e-IP yangasese kanye namakheli e-IP omphakathi angamaqhawe noma aqinile, okusho ukuthi, ngokulandelana, bangashintsha noma abakwenzi.
Ikheli le-IP elinikezwa iseva ye- DHCP ikheli le-IP elinamandla. Uma idivayisi ingenayo i-DHCP inikwe amandla noma ayisekeli ngaleso sikhathi ikheli le-IP kufanele linikezwe ngesandla, lapho ikheli le-IP libizwa ngokuthi ikheli le-IP static.
Indlela Yokuthola Ikheli Lakho le-IP
Amadivaysi ahlukene nezinhlelo zokusebenza zifuna izinyathelo ezihlukile ukuthola ikheli le-IP. Kukhona izinyathelo ezihlukile zokuthatha uma ubheka ikheli le-IP lomphakathi elinikezwe yi-ISP yakho, noma uma udinga ukubona ikheli le-IP elizimele ukuthi umzila wakho unikezwe.
Ikheli le-IP yomphakathi
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthola ikheli le-IP lomphakathi lomsebenzisi wakho kodwa amasayithi afana ne-IP Chicken, WhatsMyIP.org, noma WhatIsMyIPAddress.com enza lokhu kube lula kakhulu. Lawa masayithi asebenza kunoma iyiphi idivayisi exhunyiwe kunethiwekhi esekela isiphequluli sewebhu, njenge-smartphone yakho, i-iPod, i-laptop, ideskithophu, ithebulethi , njll.
Ukuthola ikheli le-IP langasese ledivaysi ethize oyikho akuyona elula.
Ikheli le-IP elizimele
Ku-Windows, ungathola ikheli le-IP yedivayisi yakho nge- Command Prompt , usebenzisa umyalo we- ipconfig .
Ithiphu: Bheka Ngifumana Kanjani I-My Default Gateway Ikheli le-IP? uma udinga ukuthola ikheli le-IP lomzila wakho, noma ngabe iyiphi idivayisi inethiwekhi yakho esebenzayo ukuze ufinyelele ku-inthanethi yomphakathi.
Abasebenzisi be-Linux bangathumela iwindi lokugcina bese ufaka igama lomsingeli lomyalo -I (leyo yinhloko "i"), ifconfig , noma i- ip addr show .
Ku-MacOS, sebenzisa umyalo umaconfig ukuthola ikheli lakho le-IP lendawo.
Idivayisi ye-iPhone, i-iPad, ne-iPod ibonisa ikheli layo le-IP yangasese ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwezilungiselelo kwimenyu ye-Wi-Fi . Ukukubona, vele uthephe inkinobho encane ethi "i" eceleni kwenethiwekhi ukuthi ixhunywe kuyo.
Ungabona ikheli le-IP lendawo yedivayisi ye-Android ngokusebenzisa izilungiselelo> i-Wi-Fi , noma ngezilungiselelo> Izingcingo ezingenantambo> Izilungiselelo ze-Wi-Fi kwezinye izinguqulo ze-Android. Vele uthephe kunethiwekhi ozoyiyo ukuze ubone iwindi elisha elibonisa ulwazi lwenethiwekhi olufaka ikheli le-IP yangasese.
Izinguquko ze-IP (IPv4 vs IPv6)
Kunezinguqulo ezimbili ze-IP: IPv4 ne- IPv6 . Uma uke wezwa ngale migomo, mhlawumbe uyazi ukuthi owokuqala nguye omdala, futhi manje usephelelwe yisikhathi, inguqulo kanti i-IPv6 yiyona version ye-IP ethuthukisiwe.
Esinye isizathu i-IPv6 ishintsha i-IPv4 ukuthi inganikeza inombolo enkulu kakhulu yamakheli e-IP kune-IPv4 evumela. Ngamadivayisi wonke esiwaxhumeke njalo kwi-intanethi, kubalulekile ukuthi kukhona ikheli eliyingqayizivele elitholakalayo ngayinye yazo.
Indlela ikheli le-IPv4 elakhiwe lisho ukuthi liyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamakheli e-IP ahlukile angama-4 billion (2 32 ). Nakuba lena inombolo enkulu kakhulu yamakheli, akwanele nje izwe lanamuhla nawo wonke amadivaysi ahlukene abantu abasebenzisa kwi-intanethi.
Cabanga ngakho-kunezigidi eziningana zabantu emhlabeni. Ngisho noma wonke umuntu eplanethi ayenesidingo esisodwa esisetshenziselwa ukufinyelela i-intanethi, i-IPv4 ayisazokwazi ukunikeza ikheli le-IP kubo bonke.
IPv6, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isekela amakheli angama-340 trillion, trillion, trillion (2 128 ). Lokho kungu-340 enamazinga angu-12! Lokhu kusho ukuthi wonke umuntu emhlabeni angakwazi ukuxhuma ama-billion amadivayisi ku-intanethi. Iqiniso, okuncane kwe-overkill, kodwa ungabona ukuthi i-IPv6 ixazulula kanjani le nkinga ngempumelelo.
Ukubona lokhu kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi zingaki amakheli we-IP uhlelo lwekheli le-IPv6 elivumela ngaphezulu kwe-IPv4. Zenze sengathi isitembu sokuthunyelwa singanikeza isikhala esanele sokubamba ikheli ngalinye le-IPv4. I-IPv6, ke, ukukala, ingadinga lonke isimiso selanga ukuthi siqukathe wonke amakheli ayo.
Ngaphezu kokuthengwa kwamakheli e-IP ngaphezulu kwe-IPv4, i-IPv6 inenzuzo eyengeziwe yokungabikho kwamakheli ekheli le-IP elibangelwa amakheli ezizimele, ukumisa ngokuzenzakalelayo, akukho sizathu seNethiwekhi YeNethiwekhi YeNethiwekhi (NAT) , ukuhamba ngendlela ehamba phambili, ukuphathwa okulula, okwakhiwe -kuyimfihlo, nokuningi.
I-IPv4 ibonisa amakheli njengombhalo wezinombolo ezingu-32-bhali obhalwe phansi kwifomethi yedesimali, njengo 207.241.148.80 noma 192.168.1.1. Ngenxa yokuthi kunezigidigidi zamakheli we-IPv6, kungenzeka ukuthi zibhalwa ku- hexadecimal ukuze zibonise, njenge-3ffe: 1900: 4545: 3: 200: f8ff: fe21: 67cf.