Phakathi nemidlalo ye-70s Arcade yaqala ukwakha ukuthandwa okuthobekile ngenxa ye-hit Pong ka-1972, kodwa e-pizza epulazini nasepaki yokudlala i-Pinball yayisenkosi; lokho kwaze kwafika ngo-1978 lapho kufika isikhala sokudubula isikhala saseJapane esaba yinto efana ne-pop-culture yabangela ukulahlekelwa kwemali, yaphenduka ama-arcade ibe yi "video arcades" futhi yagcina i - Atari 2600 ibhomu.
Amaqiniso ayisisekelo:
- Isihloko: Abahlaseli Besikhala
- Usuku lokukhishwa: ngoJuni 1978
- Umshicileli / Unjiniyela: I-Taito Corporation
- I-Platform yasekuqaleni: i-Coin-Op Arcade (i-Cocktail Table neKhabinethi)
Umdlalo:
Ngesikhathi kwakungesiyo isibhamu sokuqala esikhwameni (i- Spacewar!! ), Abahlaseli Besikhala ngukuqala ukuthi iningi lomphakathi lidlala uma likhishwa ngo-1978 .
Esikhundleni sokuhamba emkhathini emkhunjini, abadlali balawula i-cannon ehamba ngokuhlangene ngaphansi kweskrini sokuqothula kude nemikhumbi ezayo yezihlaseli ezifokazi. Izinhlobo ezintathu ezivela kubafokazi zihlanganiswe emigqeni emihlanu yemikhumbi eyishumi nanye ehambayo ekwakhekeni njengoba iphuma ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kwesikrini kuya kwesinye, iwa phansi uma ifika emaphethelweni esikrinini, bese ibuyela emuva. Lapho beqhubeka beqhubeka phansi ngokushesha ngokushesha bayahamba baze baqhubekele ngaphesheya kwesikrini. Isitha sesine sesinye isibizwa ngokuthi "Umfihlakalo" umkhumbi phakathi kwezimpukane phezulu kwesikrini.
I-cannon ingabhubhisa kuphela isibhamu esisodwa ngesikhathi izitha zibuya umlilo njengoba ziqhubeka. Ukuze ugweme ukuthola abadlali abahlaselayo kumele badonsa imicibisholo engaphandle noma bafihle ngaphansi kwezihlangu, okungase kuphulwe phansi kokubili umdlali nomlilo wesitha.
Abadlali ekuqaleni bathola izimpilo ezintathu futhi bangawalahleka ngokushaywa ngumlilo wesitha noma ukuvumela abafokazi abahlaselayo ukuba bafinyelele phansi kweskrini.
Umdlali uzuza izinga uma ebhubhisa zonke izitha ezizayo, okwandisa ijubane lezinga ngalinye ngezinga elilandelayo.
Iziqalo zommangaleli wesikhala:
Kunezindaba eziningi mayelana nokuthi umthuthukisi wegeyimu ophefumulelwe u-Tomohiro Nishikado ukudala abahlaseli besikhala. Abanye bathi bekuyiphupho, abanye ukuthi kwakuyiHG Wells 'War of the Words, kanti bambalwa bathi bavela emdlalweni we-arcade yemishini ayeyibona ekuthuthukisweni eTaito Corporation. Okubangela ukuthi uNishikado afike kulo mbono kungenxa yalokho, okubalulekile ukuthi wenzeni ... konke.
Kusukela ohlelweni nokuklama, kuya ku-ihluzo, ubuciko nobuchwepheshe, uNishikado wasebenzisa unyaka wokwakha futhi wakha umdlalo ngaphansi kwesigaba sokusebenza se-Space Monsters. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala wathola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe begeyimu ye-arcade yalesi sikhathi kwakungenamandla okwanele ukusingatha inani lemidwebo nemifanekiso eyinkimbinkimbi edingekayo, ngakho kwakudingeka akhiphe i-hardware entsha ngokuphelele.
Lapho kuqaliswe eJapane Space Invaders kwaba ukushaywa okusheshayo. Izitezi zinezindlela ezungeze ibhokisi namakhasimende alinde amahora ukuze athole ithuba lokudlala umdlalo omusha wokushaya. Amagceke asuka ekubeni ne- Space Invaders eyodwa i-cocktail itafula noma iKhabhinethi ukuze agcwalise izansi zawo ngamanithi amaningi omdlalo angayithola, ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo. Imidlalweni ethandwa kakhulu yaze yafika kangangokuthi ibangele ngempela ukulahlekelwa kwezimali ezingu-100-yen.
Ngokushesha impumelelo yabahlali be-Space yonkana nolwandle ngenkathi uTaito egunyaza amalungelo eNyakatho Melika eMidway Games, ebusa ukumaketha kokubili e-US naseCanada.
Ukusabela emphakathini kwabahlaseli besikhala kwakukhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi kufaka iminyaka yobucayi bevidiyo. Ngokushesha imidlalo yevidiyo yayiyizikhukhula, okwenza inani lemishini ye-pinball linciphise. Kungakapheli iminyaka emibili I-Arcade Amusement izobizwa kabusha ngokuthi "I-Arcades Video".
Yeka ukuthi abahlaseli besikhala benze kanjani i-Atari 2600 Impumelelo:
Ngesikhathi uNolan Bushnell noTed Dabney bekhipha i-console yabo yokudlala yevidiyo yokuqala ngo-1977, i- Atari VCS yafika ku-Atari 2600 yayihlangana nokuthengiswa kwezinto ezingenayo. Iningi labantu liye lashisa izinguqulo zasekhaya ze- Pong namabutho okuvuthwa.
Ukufunda ukuphumelela kwe-Arcade ye- Space Invader , i-Atari isayine amalungelo akhethekile e-home console emdlalweni futhi yakhululwa inguqulo elula ye-Atari 2600 ngo-1980, futhi abahlaseli babezizwele benomphakathi. Ukuthola ithuba lokusondela ukuthatha isipiliyoni se-arcade ekamelweni lokuhlala, i-Atari 2600 yaba uhlelo lokusebenza, kumele kubangele ukuthi abahlaseli be-Space babe "umdlalo wevidiyo wokuqala" we-"Killer App" ekhaya. Siyabonga Abahlaseli , ukuthengiswa kwe-Atari 2600 kwesigamu ngaphezu konyaka ozayo.
I-Clone Izimpi:
Abahlaseli besikhala nabo baqhubeka baba yi-second game-off and off cceded game game, njalo iPong ( Tetris kanye nePong baxhunywe njengemidlalo yekhondomu ye-home cloned). Cishe ngokushesha nje lapho ikhiphe ezinye izinkampani zadala ukukhwabanisa kuka- Space Invaders , eziningi zazo ezaziyimidlalo efana namagama ahlukene nje, enye yawo yayibindile ngokuzibiza ngokuthi Space Invaders II .
I-clone yabahlaseli abahlukumezeka kakhulu empeleni yayithuthukiswe ngu-Atari kuma-2600. Ngo-1983, njengesipho esikhethekile kulabo ababekhona emhlanganweni wabo wokuthengisa we-1983, iCoca-Cola yayithumelele ngokusemthethweni uhlelo lwabahlaseli bendawo kanye nabafokazi esikhundleni sezinhlamvu ze-PEPSI umdlalo ongcabha njengabahlaseli bePepsi .
Abahlaseli besikhala baphinde bavula indlela yekusasa yemidlalo yevidiyo ngokugqugquzela amahlumela amaningi awo esizayo, kuhlanganise neGalaxian neGalaga, elandela imiqondo eminingi ye-Space Invaders evela emdlalweni wegeyimu ohamba phambili kakhulu futhi ihluzo ezimibalabala.
Akukhona nje ukuthi abahlaseli be-Space baqinisa imidlalo ye-arcade njengesikhungo kodwa futhi babhala igama labo emlandweni we-pop-culture. Izimpawu zangempela zokuhlaselwa kwezilwane zinjengezithombe ezibonakalayo njengePac-Man futhi ngokuvamile zimelela uhlobo lwezemidlalo lokudala.