Umlando we-Atari 2600
U-Atari uthi uvumelekile ku-Pong nasezingcingo Ku & # 34; STELLA! & # 34;
Lapho i-Atari ikhishwa umdlalo wabo wokudlala we- Pong njengeyunithi yokudlala yasekhaya eyayihlelwe ngaphambili, kwakuyi-hit enkulu futhi ngokushesha ilandelwa yibo bonke abakhiqizi be-elekthronikhi abangacabanga. Eminyakeni embalwa emashalofini ayenamanzi anezikhukhula kanye nokuhlukahluka, abanye baze bafike ngisho nokusebenzisa i-microchip efanayo. Ukuze balondoloze isikhundla sabo njengomholi wembonini, umsunguli we-Atari uNolan Bushnell wazama ukwakha isizukulwane esisha sezinhlelo zemidlalo yevidiyo. Ukuze wenze lokhu u-Atari wathenga i-Cyan Engineering, owayesevele esebenza ngobuchwepheshe obusha be-console ngaphansi kwegama lekhodi "Stella".
Ngaleso sikhathi, zonke izidakamizwa zegeyimu yevidiyo yasekhaya ezisetshenziselwa i-Logic Technology esekelwe emathematika, lapho kusetshenziselwa khona izinguquko ukucacisa ubuhlobo nokudonswa. Lokhu kwenza ihluzo elifanayo noma elifanayo liphinde lisetshenziswe kwinani elinganiselwe lemidlalo eyisisekelo. Le nqubo yasungulwa yi-Ralph Bayer's Brown Box yezempi eyayiqalile ukuba iMagnavox Odyssey . Yingakho yonke imidlalo yevidiyo yasendlini yesizukulwane sokuqala yokududuza konke ibonakala efanayo.
Ukuthola Nokuthuthukisa I-Tech Right
Esikhundleni sobuchwepheshe bokucabanga, iphrojekthi ye-Stella yase-Cyan isebenzisa i-central unit unit (CPU) ebizwa nge-MOS Technology 6502, i-microprocessor eyisi-8-bit eyethulwa ngo-1975 njengeprosesa encane emakethe. Lokhu kuvumela ulwazi lohlelo ukuthi lucutshungulwe kusuka kwi-microchip ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuphula ibhange. Umbuzo olandelayo ukuletha izinhlelo eziningi zemidlalo ezivela kumthombo wangaphandle.
Ngo-1972, i- Hewlett-Packard yaqala ukusebenzisa i-ROM cartridges, igobolondo yakha i- R ead- O nly M emory chip ephethe ifayela lohlelo oluxhunywe kwikhompyutha nge-cartridge slot. I-cartridges ye-ROM inikeze isisombululo esiphelele seStella. Amafayela wegeyimu agcinwe kwi-cartridge ye-ROM ngokufaka imemori yokufinyelela okungahleliwe (RAM), futhi iprosesa ye-MOS Technology 6502 ifunde ulwazi lohlelo nge-chip input / output (I / O) chip. Ukuhlelwa eceleni, okwenziwe ukuthi lesi yisisombululo esihle kakhulu yizindleko eziphansi ze-Cartridges ze-ROM, futhi nge-chip ye-Cyan ye-Television Interface Adapter (i-TIA) ye-sound sound, kokubili izixazululo ezicacile nezizwakalayo ziphelile.
Ukuthengisa KuMuntu
Ngayo yonke ubuchwepheshe besikhathi esisodwa okwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye, akumangazi ukuthi enye inkampani yayizoba nomqondo ofanayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, kanti i-Fairchild Semiconductor Company yashaya i-Atari emakethe ngo-1976 nge- Fairchild Video Entertainment System (kamuva ebizwa ngokuthi I-Fairchild Channel F ) esetshenzisiwe i-Fairchild F8 CPU, eyakhiwe ngumenzi we-Intel uRobert Noyce.
I-Atari yayinomnotho ojulile ekuthuthukiseni iStella futhi yayidinga imali engaphezulu nemandla yokwenza ukukhululwa kwenzeke. Ukuya emphakathini kwakungeyona inketho njengoba imakethe yamasheya yayisehla kancane. Njengoba besongelwa ukulahlekelwa wonke amasheya emakethe ezandleni zeSiteshi F, uNolan Bushnell waphendukela ekubambisaneni noWarner Communications, (namuhla owaziwa ngokuthi i-Time Warner) owagcina waba ukuthenga. U-Bushnell wahlala engumsebenzi wokuqhuba ibhizinisi.
Lapho uStella ekugcineni eseqedile futhi ekhishwe ngo-1977 igama lakhe lashintshwa laba yi- Atari Video Computer System , kodwa kamuva lishintsha futhi ku- Atari 2600 , manje eliyinkimbinkimbi , ngemuva kwenombolo yalo yokukhiqiza i-CX2600. Ekuqaleni ama-2600 akhishwa nge-receptor reception, kodwa izwi lafika ngokusheshisa futhi ngo-1979 kwaba yi-hit, bethengisa amayunithi angaphezu kwezigidi kuphela kulo nyaka kuphela. Ngeshwa izikhathi ezihlukumezayo eziholela empumelelweni yayo zathinta ubuhlobo bukaBchernell noWarner Communications. UBushnell washiya inkampani ngo-1978, unyaka nje onamahloni wokufakazela impumelelo enkulu ye-console.
Eminyakeni eminingana elandelayo Atari waqhubeka ukwenza umlando, athengisa yonke imincintiswano ngokusekelwa kwayo kokukhula okuqhubekayo nomtapo wezemidlalo. Umncintiswano omkhulu, i-Channel F, ayinayo ihluzo noma amakhono okuzwakalayo angu-2600, noma i-giant corporate njengeWarner Communications ngemuva kwayo. Nakuba i-Channel F yayingowokuqala kohlobo lwayo, izihloko ezingu-26 kuphela ezikhishwe ngazo, futhi u-Fairchild ngokushesha wanqotshwa ukuthengiswa kwe-Atari.
Ukuphumelela okukhulu kwe-Atari kwaholela ekufeni kwayo. Njengoba le nkampani yayisebenza manje, abahleli abazange banelisekile ngemithi yabo. I-Atari yayivele endaweni yokusebenzela engavamile futhi emnandi ngaphansi kokuphathwa kukaBushnell, eya ku-gig ehamba phambili, ebambisene nokuvuma kancane noma umvuzo womsebenzi owenziwe kahle, isakhiwo sembonini yezokushicilela umdlalo wevidiyo esisekhona nanamuhla. Ngokushesha abahleli abasiza ukwakha umbuso we-Atari baqala ukuhamba bese benza izinkampani zabo ukushicilela imidlalo ye-2600.
Njengoba umqondo we-console ngamageyimu aguquguqukayo wawusengumqondo omusha, futhi isizukulwane esedlule sezinhlelo zegeyimu yevidiyo sidonsana, imithetho ye-copyright, ilungelo lobunikazi ne-trademark ayilungiselelwe ukuvikela abakhiqizi bokuqala be-console namuhla. Ngokushesha imakethe yayigcwele imidanso, yonke eyenzelwe ama-2600 nabaningi abenzile abahleli be-Atari abagibela umkhumbi. Laba bashicileli bezinkampani zangaphandle bakwazi ukusebenzisana nezinkinga zamalungelo ngokungalokothi basebenzise i-logo ye-Atari, bangezela umklami wokuthi bangahlobene no-Atari Inc. futhi bavuma kuphela ukuthi le cartridge yenzelwe "i-Atari Video Game System".
Ngokushesha u-Atari waqala ukubhekana nosizi olufanayo olwenza ukushona kukaPong. Hhayi ngemidlalo efanayo, kodwa ngenani eliqine kakhulu lezinkampani ezigijimela ukuthola uhlamvu lwe-2600 yegolide, ngezingqikithi zemidlalo engavamile. Eziningi zalezi midlalo zazingaphansi kokuqukethwe nekhwalithi. Ngisho neziqu ezishicilelwe yi-Atari zaqala ukuhlupheka ngenxa yokujikeleza kwemijikelezo yokukhiqiza futhi iningi labahleli bezinhlelo zabo eziphezulu kakade sebezilahlile.
Yize abaningi beza ukukhululwa komdlalo we- ET owawubhekene no-2600 njengokuqala kokuwa kwe-Atari, kanye nokufika kwe- Game Game Industry Crash ka-1983 , kwakungaphezulu kokuqoqwa kwemidlalo - imidlalo eminingi kakhulu, iphansi kakhulu yekhwalithi futhi kakhulu ukukhula okuncane kwezobuchwepheshe emakhaya nasemagcekeni. U-Warner wathengisa u-Atari ngo-1984 waya ku-Commodore Business Machines owavala ngokushesha iphiko lokushicilela umdlalo.
Ngo-1986, i-Commodore yakhipha inguqulo ye-2600 njengesihloko sesabelomali ne-tag tag marketing "Ukuzijabulisa Kubuyela emuva!". Isistimu ithengiswa ngokulinganisela kahle kepha ekugcineni yaphela ngo-1990. Kuze kube namuhla i-Atari 2600 ihlala i-console ye-video video ehamba phambili kunazo zonke ezithengiswayo futhi iziqu zayo eziningi ezithandwa kakhulu zibona ukukhishwa kabusha kwezingqungquthela zezemidlalo ezilandelayo zokudlala imidlalo nama-handhelds, kanye nama-plug-in-play amayunithi ahlelwe ngaphambilini njengamaqoqo we-Retro.