Konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana namaseva we-DNS wenethiwekhi
Iseva ye- DNS iyiseva yekhompiyutha equkethe imininingwane yamakheli e-IP omphakathi kanye nama- hostnames abo ahlobene, futhi ezimweni eziningi, ikhonza ukuxazulula, noma ukuhumusha, lawo magama avamile kumakheli e- IP njengoba kuceliwe.
Amaseva e-DNS agijima isofthiwe ekhethekile futhi axoxisana omunye nomunye usebenzisa izivumelwano ezikhethekile.
Kulula ukuqonda imigomo: iseva ye-DNS ku-intanethi idivayisi ehumusha leyo www. uthayiphe kusiphequluli sakho kukheli le-IP eliyi - 151.101.129.121 .
Qaphela: Amanye amagama esiphakeli se-DNS ahlanganisa igama leseva, igama le-nameserver, nesistimu yesistimu yegama lesizinda.
Kungani Sinama-DNS Servers?
Lo mbuzo ungaphendulwa ngomunye umbuzo: Kulula yini ukukhumbula 151.101.129.121 noma www. ? Abaningi bethu bangasho ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukukhumbula igama elifana nalo esikhundleni sezinhlamvu zezinombolo.
Uma ufaka i- www. kwisiphequluli sewebhu, konke okumele uqonde futhi ukhumbule yi- URL https: // www. . Kuyafana nanoma iyiphi enye iwebhusayithi njengeGoogle.com, Amazon.com , njll.
Okuphambene nakho kuyiqiniso nokuthi, nakuba thina njengabantu singakwazi ukuqonda amagama e-URL kulula kakhulu kunezinombolo zekheli le-IP, amanye amakhompyutha namadivayisi wenethiwekhi aqonda ikheli le-IP.
Ngakho-ke, sinamaseva e-DNS ngoba asifuni nje ukusebenzisa amagama afundekayo abantu ukufinyelela kumawebhusayithi, kodwa amakhompyutha adinga ukusebenzisa amakheli e-IP ukuze afinyelele amawebhusayithi. Iseva ye-DNS yilelo mhumushi phakathi kwegama lomphathi nekheli le-IP.
I-Malware & amp; Amaseva we-DNS
Kuhlale kubalulekile ukuqhuba uhlelo lwe-antivirus . Esinye isizathu ukuthi i- malware ingahlasela ikhompyutha yakho ngendlela eguqula izilungiselelo zeseva ye-DNS, okuyiyona into ongafuni ukuyenza.
Yisho njengesibonelo ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho isebenzisa amaseva we-DNS we-Google 8.8.8.8 no- 8.8.4.4 . Ngaphansi kwala maseva we-DNS, ukufinyelela kuwebhusayithi yakho yasebhange nge-URL yakho yasebhange kungayithwala iwebhusayithi efanele futhi ikuvumele ungene ngemvume ku-akhawunti yakho.
Kodwa-ke, uma ngabe i-malware ishintshe izilungiselelo ze-DNS yeseva (okungenzeka kwenzeke ngemuva kwezigcawu ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho), ukungena ku-URL efanayo kungakuyisa kuwebhusayithi ehluke ngokuphelele, noma okubaluleke nakakhulu, kuwebhusayithi efana newebhusayithi yakho yasebhange kodwa ngempela akunjalo. Leli sayithi lebhange elikhohlisayo lingase libukeke njengelona langempela kodwa kunokukuvumela ukuthi ungene ngemvume ku-akhawunti yakho, kungase kubhale phansi igama lakho lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, unikeze abakwa-scammers lonke ulwazi abaludinga ukufinyelela i-akhawunti yakho yasebhange.
Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, i-malware evimbela amaseva wakho we-DNS ngokuvamile iqondisa kabusha amawebhusayithi adumile kulabo abagcwele izikhangisi noma amawebusayithi wegciwane lesifungo okukwenza ucabange ukuthi kufanele uthenge uhlelo lokuhlanza ikhompyutha elinegciwane.
Kunezinto ezimbili okufanele uyenze ukuze ugweme ukuba yisisulu ngale ndlela. Owokuqala ukufaka uhlelo lwe-antivirus ukuze izinhlelo ezinonya zibanjwe ngaphambi kokuba zenze umonakalo. Okwesibili kufanele uqaphele ukuthi iwebhusayithi ibheka kanjani. Uma kungaboni ukuthi yini ebonakalayo noma uthola isigijimi "sesitifiketi esingavumelekile" kusiphequluli sakho, kungase kube isibonakaliso sokuthi ukhona kwiwebhusayithi yokulingisa.
Ulwazi olungaphezulu kuma-DNS Servers
Ezimweni eziningi, amaseva amabili e-DNS, iseva eyinhloko neyesibili, ayilungiselelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ku- router yakho kanye / noma ikhompyutha uma uxhuma ku- ISP yakho nge- DHCP . Ungalungisa amaseva amabili e-DNS uma kwenzeka omunye wabo ehluleka, emva kwalokho idivayisi izosebenzisa ngokusebenzisa iseva yesibili.
Ngenkathi amaseva amaningi e-DNS eqhutshwa yi-ISPs futhi ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa kuphela ngamakhasimende awo, okunye okufinyeleleka komphakathi nakho kuyatholakala. Bheka Uhlu lwethu Lama-Servers e-Free & Public DNS ukuze uthole uhlu olusesikhathini futhi Ngingayishintsha kanjani amaseva we-DNS? uma udinga usizo lokwenza ushintsho.
Amanye amaseva we-DNS anganikeza izikhathi zokufinyelela ngokushesha kunabanye kodwa uthembele kuphela ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi eside kanjani idivayisi yakho ukufinyelela iseva ye-DNS. Uma amaseva wakho we-DNS we-ISP eseduze kune-Google, isibonelo, ungathola ukuthi amakheli axazululiwe ngokushesha usebenzisa amaseva okuzenzakalelayo avela ku-ISP yakho kunokuba iseva lesithathu.
Uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zenethiwekhi lapho kubonakala sengathi akukho website ezobe ilayishe, kungenzeka ukuthi kunenkinga nge-DNS iseva. Uma iseva ye-DNS ingakwazi ukuthola ikheli le-IP elungile elihlotshaniswa negama lomsingisi olifakayo, iwebhusayithi ngeke ilayishe. Futhi, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amakhompiyutha axhumana ngamakheli e-IP hhayi ama-hostnames-ikhompyutha azi ukuthi yini ozama ukuyifinyelela ngaphandle kokuthi ingasebenzisa ikheli le-IP.
Izilungiselelo ze-DNS yeseva "eziseduze" kudivayisi yizo ezisetshenziswa kuso. Isibonelo, ngenkathi i-ISP yakho ingase isebenzise isethi eyodwa yama-DNS amaseva asebenza kuwo wonke ama-routers axhunywe kuyo, umzila wakho angasebenzisa isethi ehlukile engasebenzisa izilungiselelo zeseva ye-DNS kuwo wonke amadivayisi axhunyiwe ku-router. Kodwa-ke, ikhompyutha exhunywe ku-router ingasebenzisa izilungiselelo zeseva ye-DNS ukuze zenze ngaphezulu kokusethwe yi-router kanye ne-ISP; okufanayo kungashiwo amaphilisi , amafoni, njll.
Sichazile ngenhla mayelana nokuthi izinhlelo ezinonya zingakwazi kanjani ukulawula izilungiselelo zakho ze-DNS yeseva futhi zibacindezele ngamaseva aqondisa kabusha izicelo zakho kuwebhusayithi kwenye indawo. Ngenkathi lokhu kuyinto engalungile eyenziwa yi-scammers, kuyisici esitholakala kwezinye izinhlelo ze-DNS njenge-OpenDNS, kodwa isetshenziswe ngendlela enhle. Isibonelo, i-OpenDNS ingaqondisa kabusha amawebhusayithi omdala, amawebhusayithi wezokugembula, amawebhusayithi wezokuxhumana nabantu abaningi, ekhasini "elivinjiwe", kodwa ulawula ngokugcwele ukuqondiswa.
Umyalo we-nslookup usetshenziselwa ukubuza isiphakeli sakho se-DNS.
Qala ngokuvula ithuluzi le-Command Prompt bese uthayipha okulandelayo:
nslookup... okufanele ubuyele into enjengale:
Igama: Amakheli: 151.101.193.121 151.101.65.121 151.101.1.121 151.101.129.121Esikhathini esingenhla, umyalo we-nslookup ukutshela ikheli le-IP, noma amakheli amaningi e-IP kulokhu, ukuthi ikheli ongena kulo ibha yokusesha lesiphequluli sakho lingase lihumushe.
Ama-server we-DNS Root
Kunamaseva amaningi e-DNS aphakathi kokuxhumana kwamakhompyutha esiwabiza nge-intanethi. Okubaluleke kakhulu yizinsizakalo ezingu-13 ze- DNS ezigciniwe ezigcina imininingwane ephelele yamagama wesizinda kanye namakheli abo e-IP ehambisana nomphakathi.
Lezi zeseva ze-DNS eziphezulu zibizwa ngokuthi i-A ngokusebenzisa iM ngezinhlamvu ezingu-13 zokuqala zamagama. Amaphesenti ayishumi ala maseva ase-US, elinye eLondon, elilodwa e-Stockholm, nelinye laseJapane.
IANA igcina lolu hlu lwezinsiza ze-DNS ezimpande uma unesithakazelo.