Incazelo kanye nezibonelo ze-URL
Isifinyeziwe njenge- URL , indawo ehlukile yezinsiza kuyindlela yokukhomba indawo yefayela ku-intanethi. Yilokho esikusebenzisayo ukuvula amawebhusayithi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukulanda izithombe, amavidiyo, izinhlelo zesofthiwe, nezinye izinhlobo zamafayela abanjwe kuseva.
Ukuvula ifayela lendawo kwikhompyutha yakho kulula njengokuchofoza kabili, kodwa ukuvula amafayela kumakhompuyutha akude , njengamavava wewebhu, kumele sisebenzise ama-URL ukuze isiphequluli sethu sewebhu siyazi ukuthi sizobukeka kuphi. Isibonelo, ukuvula ifayela le- HTML elimelela ikhasi lewebhu elichazwe ngezansi, kwenziwa ngokulifaka kwibha yokuhambisa phezulu kwesiphequluli osisebenzisayo.
Izakhiwo Zendawo Ezifanayo zivame ukufinyezwa njengezi- URL kodwa futhi zibizwa ngokuthi amakheli ewebhu uma zibhekisela kuma-URL asebenzisa i-HTTP noma i-HTTPS protocol .
I-URL ivame ukushiwo ngencwadi ngayinye ekhulunywe ngabanye (ie u-r - l , hhayi i- earl ). Kwakujwayele ukuba yisifinyezo se- Universal Resource Locator ngaphambi kokuba ishintshwe sibe yi-Uniform Resource Locator.
Izibonelo zama-URL
Cishe usetshenziselwa ukungena ku-URL, njengaleyo yokufinyelela iwebhusayithi ye-Google:
https://www.google.comIkheli lonke libizwa nge-URL. Esinye isibonelo yilowebhusayithi (yokuqala) kanye ne-Microsoft (yesibili):
https: // https://www.microsoft.comUngathola ngisho okucacile futhi uvule i-URL eqondile esithombeni, njengaleli eside elikhomba i-Google logo kwiwebsite ye-Wikipedia. Uma uvula leso sixhumanisi ungabona ukuthi iqala ngo- https: // futhi ine-URL ejwayelekile efana nalezi zibonelo ezingenhla, kodwa-ke inamanye amazwi amaningi futhi ihlehlela ukuze ikukhomba kufolda ngqo kanye nefayela lapho isithombe uhlala kuseva yewebhu.
Umqondo ofanayo usebenza uma ufinyelela ikhasi lokungena ngemvume lom router ; ikheli le-IP router lisetshenziswa njenge-URL ukuze uvule ikhasi lokumisa. Bona loluhlu lwephasiwedi le- NETGEAR lokuzenzakalela ukuze ubone ukuthi ngithini.
Abaningi bethu bajwayelene nalezi zinhlobo zama-URL esisebenzisayo kusiphequluli sewebhu njenge-Firefox noma i-Chrome, kodwa lezo akuzona kuphela izimo lapho uzodinga i-URL.
Kuzo zonke lezi zibonelo, usebenzisa i-protocol ye-HTTP ukuvula iwebhusayithi, okungenzeka ukuthi yiyodwa kuphela abantu abahlangana, kepha kunezinye izivumelwano ongasisebenzisa nazo, njenge-FTP, TELNET , MAILTO, ne-RDP. I-URL ingakwazi ngisho nokukhomba amafayela asendaweni onayo kwi- hard drive . Inqubo ngayinye ingase ibe neqoqo eliyingqayizivele lemithetho ye- syntax ukuze ifinyelele indawo.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-URL
I-URL ingahle ihlukaniswe zibe izingxenye ezihlukene, ucezu ngalunye lukhonza injongo ethile uma ufinyelela ifayela elikude.
Ama-URL we-HTTP nama-FTP ahlelwe ngendlela efanayo, njengeprotocol : // igama lomsingeli / ifayela . Isibonelo, ukufinyelela ifayela le-FTP nge-URL yalo kungase kubonakale into enjengale:
I-FTP: //servername/folder/otherfolder/programdetails.docx... okuyinto, ngaphandle kokuba ne- FTP esikhundleni se- HTTP , ibukeka sengathi ikhona enye i-URL ongase uhlangane nayo kuwebhu.
Masisebenzise i-URL elandelayo, okuyisimemezelo se-Google sephutha le- CPU , njengesibonelo sekheli le-HTTP bese uthola ingxenye ngayinye:
https://security.googleblog.com/2018/01/todays-cpu-vulnerability-what-you-need.html- I-https iyi-protocol (njenge-FTP iyinqubo elandelwayo) echaza uhlobo lwesiphakeli oxhumana naye.
- ukulondeka igama lomphathi elisetshenziselwa ukufinyelela lewebhusayithi ethize.
- i-googleblog igama lesizinda.
- com yilokho okukhulunywa ngakho njengesizinda sezinga eliphezulu (TDL) , ezinye zazo zihlanganisa .net, .org, .co.uk, njll.
- / 2018/01 / imelela izinkomba ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlela ikhasi lewebhu noma ifayela. Esikhathini sevava yewebhu ebambe amafayili ewebhu, lawaba amafolda wangempela ozochofoza kuwo ukuze uthole ifayela lelo le-URL elichazayo.
- i-todays-cpu-inselele-yikuphi-wena-isidingo.html yifayela elicacile lelo URL elikhomba kuyo. Uma uzama ukulayisha isithombe, ifayela lomsindo, noma olunye uhlobo lwefayela esikhundleni sefayela le-HTML, i-URL izophela ekukhulisweni kwalokhu kwefayela (njenge- PNG noma i- MP3 ).
- security.googleblog.com njengeqembu libizwa ngegama eligcwele elifanelekile legama lesizinda (FQDN) .
Imithetho ye-URL ye-Syntax
Izinombolo kuphela, izinhlamvu, nezinhlamvu ezilandelayo zivunyelwe ku-URL: ()! $ -'_ * +.
Ezinye izinhlamvu kumele zifakwe ikhodi (zihunyushwe kukhodi yohlelo) ukuze zamukelwe ku-URL.
Amanye ama-URL anemigqa yemingcele ehlukanisa i-URL kude nezinguquko ezengeziwe. Isibonelo, uma wenza usesho lwe-Google :
https://www.google.com/search?q=... umbuzo obona umtshela umbhalo othize, obanjwe kuseva ye-Google, ukuthi ufuna ukuthumela umyalo othize ukuze uthole imiphumela yangokwezifiso.
Iskripthi esithile esetshenziswa ngu-Google ukufeza ukusesha siyazi ukuthi noma yini elandela i = q = ingxenye ye-URL kufanele ibonakale njengegama lokusesha, ngakho-ke noma yini efakwe kulelo phuzu ku-URL isetshenziselwa ukucinga engxenyeni yokusesha ye-Google.
Ungabona ukuziphatha okufanayo ku-URL kulokhu kusesha kwe-YouTube ngamavidiyo best cat :
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=best +cat + amavidiyoQaphela: Nakuba izikhala zingavumelekile ku-URL, amanye amawebhusayithi asebenzisa isibonakaliso, ongabona kuzo zonke izibonelo ze-Google nezakwa-YouTube. Abanye basebenzisa i-encoded elinganayo yesikhala, okuyi- % 20 .
Ama-URL asebenzisa okuguquguqukayo amaningi asebenzisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ama-ampersands emva kombuzo wombuzo. Ungabona isibonelo lapha ukuze usesho lwe-Amazon.com lwe-Windows 10:
https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=windows+10I-variable yokuqala, i- url , ilandelwa umbuzo wombuzo kodwa ukuguquguquka okulandelayo, amagama angukhiye , kulandelwa i-ampersand. Izinguquko ezengeziwe nazo zizobe zandulelwe i-ampersand.
Izingxenye ze-URL zingobugebengu bezinkinga - ikakhulukazi, konke emva kwegama lesizinda (imininingwane kanye negama lefayela). Ungazibonela lokhu uma ubeka igama elithi "amathuluzi" ku-URL yesibonelo kusuka kusayithi lami esilungiselele ngenhla, okwenza ukuphela kwe-URL ukufunda /free-driver-updater-Tools.htm . Zama ukuvula leli khasi lapha futhi ungabona ukuthi alilayishi ngoba lelo fayela elithile alikho kuseva.
Ulwazi oluthe xaxa kuma-URL
Uma i-URL ikukhomba efayeleni ukuthi isiphequluli sakho sewebhu singabonisa, njengesithombe se- JPG , akudingeki ukuthi ulanda ifayela kukhompyutha yakho ukuze uyibone. Kodwa-ke, amafayili angavamile ukubonakala kusiphequluli, njengamafayela e- PDF ne- DOCX , ikakhulukazi amafayela we- EXE (nakwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zefayela), uzothunyelwa ukulanda ifayela kukhompyutha yakho ukuze uyisebenzise.
I-URL inikeza indlela elula yokuthi singene ikheli le-IP leseva ngaphandle kokudinga ukwazi ukuthi ikheli langempela liyiliphi. Bafana namagama alula okukhumbula amawebhusayithi ethu athandwayo. Le nguqulo esuka ku-URL eya ekhelini le-IP yilokho amaseva e-DNS asetshenziselwa khona.
Amanye ama-URL ayinde kakhulu futhi ayinkimbinkimbi futhi asetshenziswe kangcono uma uchofoza njengesixhumanisi noma ukopishe / unamathisele kubha yekheli lesiphequluli. Iphutha ku-URL lingenza iphutha lekhodi ye-HTTP yochungechunge lwe-400, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu kube yiphutha le- 404 .
Isibonelo esisodwa singabonwa ku-1and1.com . Uma uzama ukufinyelela ikhasi elingekho kuseva yabo (njengaleli), uzothola iphutha le-404. Lezi zinhlobo zamaphutha zivame kakhulu ukuthi uzothola isiko, ngokuvamile ezihlekisayo, izinguqulo zazo kumawebhusayithi athile. Bona ama- 20 angu-404 ama-Best Iphutha Lamakhasi I- slideshow yezinye zezintandokazi zami siqu.
Uma unenkinga yokufinyelela iwebhusayithi noma ifayela le-intanethi ocabanga ukuthi kufanele lilayishe ngendlela evamile, bheka ukuthi Ungabhekana Kanjani Nesiphambeko ku-URL ngemibono ethile ewusizo kulokho okufanele ukwenze ngokulandelayo.
Ama-URL amaningi awadingi ukuba igama lesiphathi linikezwe. Ukuvula i-google.com , isibonelo, kungenziwa ngokucacisa inombolo ye-port ekugcineni njenge http://www.google.com:80 kodwa akudingekile. Uma ngabe iwebhusayithi isasebenza kwi-port 8080 kunalokho, ungathatha isikhundla sechwebeni uphinde ufinyelele ikhasi ngaleyo ndlela.
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, amasayithi e-FTP asebenzisa i-port 21, kodwa amanye angase asethelwe ku-port 22 noma into ehlukile. Uma isayithi le-FTP lisisebenzisi i-port 21, kufanele ucacise ukuthi iyiphi oyisebenzisayo ukuze ufinyelele iseva ngendlela efanele. Umqondo ofanayo usebenza nanoma yiliphi i-URL esebenzisa ichwethi ehlukile kunalokho okusetshenziselwa uhlelo lokufinyelela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi lusetshenziswa.