Imodeli ye-OSI ichaza ukuxhumanisa ngokwemigqa eqondile yezingqimba eziyisikhombisa. Izendlalelo ezingaphezulu ze-OSI model zifaka isofthiwe esisebenzisa amasevisi enethiwekhi njengokubethela nokuphathwa kokuxhumana. Izendlalelo ezingezansi ze-OSI imodeli isebenza imisebenzi ehambisana ne-hardware efana nokuhamba, ukubhekana nokulawula ukugeleza. Yonke idatha edlulela uxhumano lwenethiwekhi idlula ngakunye kwezingxenye eziyisikhombisa.
Imodeli ye-OSI yasungulwa ngo-1984. Yenzelwe ukuba ibe yindlela yokusebenzisa imifanekiso kanye nokufundisa, i-OSI model iseyithuluzi eliwusizo lokufunda mayelana nobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi njengamanje njenge- Ethernet namaphrothokithi afana ne- IP . I-OSI igcinwa njengendlela evamile yi-International Standards Organization.
Ukugeleza kohlobo lwe-OSI
Ukuxhumana kwedatha kumodeli we-OSI kuqala ngendlalelo ephezulu yesitokisi ohlangothini lokuthumela, uhamba phansi emgqeni kuya kwesendlalelo esingaphansi (esingaphansi) somthumeli, bese uwela uxhumano lwenethiwekhi ngokomzimba ungqimba olungezansi ohlangothini olutholayo, bese uphakamisa I-OSI model stack.
Ngokwesibonelo, Inqubo ye-intanethi (i-IP) ihambisana nocingo lweNethiwekhi yesimo se-OSI, isendlalelo sesi-3 (ukubalwa ukusuka phansi). I-TCP ne- UDP ihambelana nohlelo lwe-OSI lwesakhiwo se-4, isendlalelo sezokuthutha. Izendlalelo ezingezansi ze-OSI model zimelelwa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Ethernet. Izendlalelo eziphakeme ze-OSI imodeli zimelelwa yizinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-TCP ne-UDP.
Izigaba Eziyisikhombisa ze-OSI Model
Izendatshana ezintathu ezingezansi ze-OSI Model zibizwa ngokuthi yiMedia Layers, kanti izingqimba ezine eziphezulu yizigaba ze-Host. Izendlalelo zibalwa kusukela ku-1 ukuya ku-7 ziqala phansi. Izendlalelo ziyi:
- Isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza (ungqimba 7) - Inqubo YeNethiwekhi yohlelo lokusebenza. Lolu ungqimba lomsebenzisi lokugcina lufaka amaphakheji kwedatha etholakele kusuka kwi-Presentation Layer ngesakhiwo esidingekayo ngenqubo yesicelo noma yokugcina umsebenzisi oyitholayo. Izibonelo zifaka iziphequluli, SMTP, HTTP, ne-FTP. Lo ungqimba uphinde udale lokho okuzobuyiselwa emuva ku-Layout Layer.
- Isendlalelo sesingeniso (isendlalelo 6) - Ukumelwa Kwedatha nokubethela, kufaka phakathi ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo. Cabanga ngalolu ungqimba njengomhumushi. Izibonelo zifaka i-ASCII, i-TIFF, i-JPEG, i-MIDI, ne-MPEG.
- Isendlalelo seSession (ungqimba 5) - Ukuxhumana kwe-Interhost. Lolu ungqimba lulawula izinhlobo eziningi zokuxhumana futhi luthumela idatha kumachwebeni anengqondo, kufaka phakathi labo abasebenzisa i-NFS ne-SQL.
- Isendlalelo sokuthutha (ungqimba 4) - Ukuxhumeka kokuphela kokuphela nokuthembeka. Njengoba igama lisho ukuthi, lokhu kungqimba kudlulisa idatha kuwo wonke uxhumano lwenethiwekhi, ngokuvamile usebenzisa i-TCP. Iphinde ilandele ukubuyiswa kwephutha nokudluliselwa kabusha.
- Isendlalelo senethiwekhi (isendlalelo 3) - Indlela Yokunquma, IP, nokuhamba. Idatha yamafomethi we-3 njengamaphakethe. Uqondisa idatha endleleni efanele ngokomzimba.
- Isendlalelo se-Data Link (ungqimba 2) - Lona ungqimba oluyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke kumodeli we-OSI, futhi ngezinye izikhathi lihlukaniswe zibe izingxenye ezimbili: eyodwa yokulawulwa kokufinyelela kwemidiya kanye neyodwa yokulawulwa kokuxhumana okunengqondo.
- Ingqimba engokwenyama (ungqimba 1) - Imidiya, Isignali ne-Binary Transmission. Izibonelo zifaka amakhobhu, abaphindaphindiwe, kanye nezintambo ze-Ethernet. Idatha idluliselwa ngamandla kagesi, ama-radio frequencies, i-infrared noma ukukhanya okuvamile.
Unenkinga yokukhumbula i-oda lesendlalelo? Vele ugcine inkulumo ethi "UZ A B A K A K A K A K A K A K A K A K A K A K A U KUKHUMULA" engqondweni.