Indlela Yokuhlela I-Linux Crontab File To Schedule Schedule

Isingeniso

Kukhona i-daemon e-Linux ebizwa ngokuthi i-cron esetshenziselwa ukuqhuba izinqubo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Indlela okwenza ngayo lokhu ukuhlola amafolda athile kwisistimu yakho ngezikripthi ukuze usebenze. Isibonelo kukhona ifolda ebizwa ngokuthi /etc/cron.hourly, /etc/cron.daily, /etc/cron.weekly kanye /etc/cron.monthly. Kukhona nefayela elibizwa ngokuthi / etc / crontab.

Ngokuzenzakalelayo ungakwazi ukumane ubeke izikripthi kumafolda afanele ukuze usebenze ngezikhathi ezivamile.

Isibonelo vula iwindi lokugcina (ngokucindezela i-CTRL, ALT no-T) bese uqhuba umyalo we-ls olandelayo:

ls / njll / i-cron *

Uzobona uhlu lwezinhlelo noma izikripthi ezisebenza ngehora, nsuku zonke, masonto onke nenyanga.

Inkathazo ngala mafolda ukuthi ayinto engaqondakali. Isibonelo nsuku zonke kusho ukuthi iskriphthi sizosebenza kanye ngosuku kodwa awunakho ukulawula isikhathi sokuthi iskripthi sizosebenza ngalolo suku.

Yilapho ifayela le-crontab lingena khona.

Ngokuhlela ifayela le-crontab ungathola iskripthi noma uhlelo lokusebenza oluzosebenza ngosuku oluqondile nesikhathi ofuna ngalo ukuthi lusebenze. Ngokwesibonelo, mhlawumbe ufuna ukusekela amafayela akho njalo ebusuku ngo-6: 00.

Izimvume

Umyalo we-crontab udinga ukuba umsebenzisi abe nezimvume zokuhlela ifayela le-crontab. Kukhona amafayela amabili asetshenziselwa ukuphatha izimvume ze-crontab:

• /etc/cron.allow
• /etc/cron.deny

Uma ifayela /etc/cron.allow likhona ngaleso sikhathi umsebenzisi ofuna ukuhlela ifayela le-crontab kufanele abe kulelo fayela. Uma ifayela le-cron.allow lingekho kodwa kukhona ifayela le /etc/cron.deny bese umsebenzisi akumele abe khona kuleli fayela.

Uma kokubili amafayela akhona khona / i-/etc/cron.allow ingaphezu kwefayela le /etc/cron.deny.

Uma ngabe ifayela alikho ngaleso sikhathi kuxhomeke ekucwangcisweni kwesistimu noma ngabe umsebenzisi angahlela i-crontab.

Umsebenzisi wempande angahle ahlele ifayela le-crontab njalo. Ungasebenzisa umyalo we-su ukushintshela kumsebenzisi wezimpande noma umyalo we-sudo wokusebenzisa umyalo we-crontab.

Ukuhlela I-Crontab File

Umsebenzisi ngamunye onemvume angakha ifayela lakhe le-crontab. Umyalo we-cron ngokuyisisekelo ubheka ukuthi kukhona amafayela amaningi we-crontab futhi ugijima kubo bonke.

Ukuze uhlole ukuthi unayo ifayela le-crontab usebenzise umyalo olandelayo:

i-crontab -l

Uma ungenayo ifayela le-crontab umlayezo "akukho-crontab ye-

Ukudala noma ukuhlela ifayela le-crontab usebenzise umyalo olandelayo:

i-crontab-e

Ngokuzenzakalelayo uma kungekho mhleli ozenzakalelayo okhethiwe ngakho uzocelwa ukuba ukhethe umhleli ozenzakalelayo ongayisebenzisa. Ngomuntu ngithanda ukusebenzisa i- nano njengoba iqondisa phambili ekusebenziseni futhi igijima kusukela esibulalayo.

Ifayela elivula linolwazi oluningi kodwa ingxenye eyisihluthulelo yisibonelo nje ngaphambi kokuphela kwesigaba samazwana (imibono ichazwe imigqa eqala ngo #).

# mh dom mon dow umyalo

0 * * 1 i-tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz / ikhaya /

Kukhona izingcezu ezingu-6 zolwazi okufanele zivumelane kumugqa ngamunye wefayela le-crontab:

• Iminithi yosuku umyalo ozosebenza (m)
• Ihora losuku umyalo kufanele usebenze (h)
• Usuku lwenyanga umyalo kufanele usebenze (dom)
• Inyanga umyalo ukugijima (mon)
• Usuku lwesonto umyalo kufanele ugijime (dow)
• Umyalo

Ngento ngayinye (ngaphandle komyalo) ungacacisa uhlamvu lwe-wildcard. Bheka isibonelo esilandelayo se-crontab:

30 18 * * i-tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz / ikhaya /

Okushiwo umyalelo ongenhla kusemaminithini angu-30, amahora angu-18 nanoma yiluphi usuku, inyanga nosuku lweviki ugijima umyalo we- zip bese uthola ifolda yasendlini kufolda / var / backups.

Ukuze uthole umyalo wokugijima emaminithini angu-30 edlule njalo ngehora ngingawusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

30 * * * umyalo

Ukuze uthole umyalo wokugijima njalo ngomzuzu odlule ngo-6 ntambama Ngingawusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

* * * Umyalo

Ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele ngokusetha imiyalo yakho ye-crontab.

Ngokwesibonelo:

* * * * Umyalo

Umyalo ongenhla uzogijima njalo ngeminithi yehora yosuku ngalunye lweviki ngoJanuwari. Ngingabazi ukuthi yilokho okufunayo.

Ukuze ugijime umyalo ngo-5 ekuseni ngo-1 Januwari ungabe umyalo olandelayo kufayela le-crontab:

0 5 1 1 * umyalelo

Indlela yokususa ifayela le-Crontab

Esikhathini esiningi awusoze ufune ukususa ifayela le-crontab kodwa ungase ufune ukususa imigqa ethile kusuka kufayela le-crontab.

Nokho uma ufuna ukususa ifayela lomsebenzisi we-crontab usebenzise umyalo olandelayo:

i-crontab -r

Indlela ephephile yokwenza lokhu ukuqhuba umyalo olandelayo:

i-crontab -i

Lokhu kubuza umbuzo "ingabe uqinisekile?" ngaphambi kokukhipha ifayela le-crontab.