Umyalo we-ls ungenye yamathuluzi womugqa obaluleke kunazo zonke okufanele ufunde ukuze ufunde indlela yefayela. Nasi uhlu oluphelele lomyalo obalulekile wokuhamba ngesistimu yakho yefayela usebenzisa umugqa womyalo.
Umyalo we-ls usetshenziselwa ukuhlunga amagama amafayela namafolda ngaphakathi kwesistimu yefayela. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokukhombisa zonke izinguquko ezitholakalayo kumyalo we-ls kanye nencazelo yawo nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani.
Bhala uhlu lwamafayela kufolda
Ukuze uhlele wonke amafayela kufolda evulekile iwindi lokugcina bese uhamba uye kufolda ufisa ukubona okuqukethwe kokusebenzisa umyalo we-cd bese uthayipha umyalo olandelayo:
ls
Empeleni akudingeki uhambe uye kufolda ukuze uhlenge amafayela angaphakathi kuwo. Ungamane ucacise indlela njengengxenye yomyalo we-ls njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi.
ls / indlela / kuya / ifayela
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, amafayela namafolda azofakwa ohlwini kukholomu ngaphesheya kwesikrini nakho konke okuzobona igama lefayela.
Amafayela afihlekile (amafayela aqala ngokuma okugcwele) awaboniswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusebenzisa umyalo we-ls. Udinga ukusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo kunalokho.
ls -a
ls - konke
Lokhu kuthatha inkinobho (-a) esetshenziswe ngenhla imele uhlu lonke. Lokhu kubhala ngokuphelele yonke ifayela kanye nefolda ngaphakathi kwesiqondisi lapho umyalo usebenza khona noma ngempela ngokumelene nendlela ehlinzekwe kuyo.
Okuphezulu kwalokhu ukuthi ubona ifayela elibizwa ngokuthi. futhi omunye obizwa ngokuthi ..
. Ikhefu elilodwa elilodwa limelela ifolda yamanje futhi isitimela esiphelele kabili sigxila kwezinga elilodwa phezulu.
Uma ufuna ukushiya lokhu ohlwini lwamafayela ungasebenzisa i-capital A esikhundleni se-lowercase njengendlela elandelayo:
ls-A
ls - konke-konke
Imiyalo ethile efana nomyalo we-mv nomyalo we- cp isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa nokukopisha amafayela azungezile futhi kukhona ukushintsha okungasetshenziswa ngale miyalo eyenza isipele sefayela lokuqala.
Lawa mafayela okusekelayo ngokuvamile aphela ngendwangu (~).
Ukukhipha amafayela okusekelayo (amafayela aphethwe ngethanga) agijime umyalo olandelayo:
ls -B
ls -ignore-backups
Ezimweni eziningi, uhlu olubuyiselwe luzobonisa amafolda ngombala owodwa namafayela njengenye. Isibonelo esiphethweni sethu, amafolda ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi amafayela amhlophe.
Uma ungafuni ukukhombisa imibala ehlukene ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
ls --color = nanini
Uma ufuna ukukhipha okuningiliziwe ungasebenzisa inkinobho elandelayo:
ls -l
Lokhu kunikeza uhlu olubonisa izimvume, inani lama-inode, umnikazi neqembu, usayizi wefayela, usuku lokugcina olufinyelelekile nesikhathi negama lefayela.
Uma ungafuni ukubona umnikazi esebenzisa umyalo olandelayo kunalokho.
ls-g
Ungaphinda ushiye imininingwane yeqembu ngokucacisa inkinobho elandelayo:
ls -o
Ukufakwa kohlobo olude kungasetshenziswa nezinye izitshalo ukubonisa olunye ulwazi. Isibonelo, ungathola umbhali wefayela ngokusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo.
ls -l - ithoni
Ungashintsha okukhiphayo ohlwini olude ukuze ubonise ubukhulu befayela obufundekayo kanje:
ls -l -h
ls -l - efundwa ngumuntu
ls -l -s
Esikhundleni sokubonisa amagama omsebenzisi neqembu ohlwini lomyalo ungathola umyalo we-ls ukukhombisa i-ID yomsebenzisi ngokomzimba nama-id eqembu kanje:
ls -l -n
Umyalo we-ls ungasetshenziswa ukukhombisa wonke amafayela namafolda ukusuka endleleni ecacisiwe phansi.
Ngokwesibonelo:
ls -R / ekhaya
Umyalo ongenhla uzobonisa wonke amafayela namafolda ngaphansi kwerekhodi lasekhaya njengeZithombe, Umculo, Amavidiyo, Ukulanda, namaDokhumenti.
Shintsha ifomethi yokuphuma
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, okukhiphayo kuhlu lwefayili kunesibuko kumakholomu.
Nokho, ungakwazi, ucacise ifomethi njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi.
ls -X
ls --format = yonkana
Bonisa uhlu kukholomu yonkana kwesikrini.
ls-m
ls --format = amakhompiyutha
Bonisa uhlu kufomethi ehlukaniswe ngama-comma.
ls -x
ls --format = enezingqimba
Bonisa uhlu kwifomethi enezingqimba
ls -l
ls --format = eside
Njengoba kushiwo esigabeni esandulele kubonisa uhlu olufomathi olude.
ls -1
ls --format = eyodwa-ikholomu
ls --format = verbose
Ibonisa wonke amafayela namafolda, 1 emgqeni ngamunye.
ls -c
ls --format = mpo
Ibonisa uhlu ngokuzenzekelayo.
Indlela Yokuhlunga Okukhiphayo Ku-Command ls
Ukuze uhlele umkhiqizo kusuka kumyalo we-ls ungasebenzisa i-switch engezansi kanje:
ls --sort = none
ls -sort = ubukhulu
ls --sort = isikhathi
ls --sort = inguqulo
Okuzenzakalelayo kusethwe kunoma iyiphi okusho ukuthi amafayela ahlungwa ngamagama. Uma uhlela ngosayizi ifayela ngokusayizi ngobukhulu kuboniswa kuqala futhi encane iboniswa ekugcineni.
Ukuhlunga ngesikhashana kubonisa ifayela elifinyelelwe okokugcina lokuqala nefayela elifinyelelekile elidlule.
Kusobala ukuthi zonke izinhlobo ezingenhla zingatholakala ngemilayezo elandelayo esikhundleni:
ls-U
ls -S
ls-t
ls-v
Uma ufuna imiphumela ekuhleleni okulandelanayo sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo.
ls -r --sort = ubukhulu
ls --reverse --sort = usayizi
Isifingqo
Kunamanye amashintshi atholakele ukufometha kwesikhathi. Ungafunda ngazo zonke ezinye izitshalo ngokufunda i-ls Page Manual Manual.
indoda ls