Lo mhlahlandlela ubeka imiyalo engu-10 ye-Linux okudingeka ukwazi ukuze ukwazi ukuhamba ngokuzungezile isistimu yakho yefayela usebenzisa ukuphela kwe-Linux.
Inikeza imiyalo yokuthola ukuthi yikuphi isiqondisi okhona, isiqondisi owawukade ukhona, indlela yokuya kwamanye amafolda, indlela yokubuyela ekhaya, indlela yokudala amafayela namafolda, indlela yokudala izixhumanisi
01 kwezingu-10
Yimuphi Ifolda Oyikho
Uma uvula iwindi lokugcina into yokuqala okudingeka ukwazi ukuthi ungubani ohlelweni lwefayela.
Cabanga ngalokhu njengokumaka "okhona" okuthola kumamephu ngaphakathi kwezingodo zokuthenga.
Ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi ifolda ongaphakathi kwakho ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
i-pwd
Imiphumela ebuyiswe yi-pwd ingase ihluke kuye ngokuthi ngabe usebenzisa inguqulo yegobolondo ye-pwd noma eyodwa efakwe ohlwini lwakho lwe-usr / bin.
Ngokuvamile, izophrinta okuthile eceleni kwemigqa / ekhaya / lomsebenzisi .
Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nomyalo we-pwd .
02 kwezingu-10
Yimaphi amafayela namafolda angaphansi kwerekhodi yamanje
Manje ukuthi uyazi ukuthi iyiphi ifolda ongaphakathi, ungabona ukuthi yiziphi amafayela namafolda angaphansi kwesiqondisi samanje ngokusebenzisa umyalo we-ls.
ls
Ngokwakho, umyalo we-ls uzohlunga wonke amafayela namafolda kule directory ngaphandle kwalabo abaqala isikhathi (.).
Ukuze ubone wonke amafayela kufaka phakathi amafayela afihliwe (lawo aqala isikhathi) ungasebenzisa inkinobho elandelayo:
ls -a
Eminye imiyalo yenza ama-backups amafayela aqala nge- metacharacter ()).
Uma ungafuni ukubona ama-backup uma uhlu lwamafayela kwifolda lisebenzisa inkinobho elandelayo:
ls -B
Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kakhulu komyalo we-ls kanje:
ls-k
Lokhu kunikeza uhlu olude oluhlelwe yisikhathi sokuguqulwa, neyokuqala kuqala.
Okunye okukhethwa kukho uhlobo kufaka phakathi nesandiso, usayizi, kanye ne-version:
ls-lU
ls -lX
ls -lv
Ukufometha kwesikhangiso eside kukunika ulwazi olulandelayo:
- izimvume
- inombolo yama-inodes wefayela (bheka izixhumanisi ezinzima)
- umnikazi
- iqembu eliyinhloko
- usayizi wefayela
- isikhathi sokugcina sokugcina
- ifayela / ifolda / igama lokuxhumanisa
03 ka-10
Indlela Yokuzulazula Kwamanye Amafolda
Ukuhambela uhlelo lwefayili ungasebenzisa umyalo we-cd .
Uhlelo lwefayela le-Linux luyisakhiwo somuthi. Isihloko somuthi siboniswa ngukushisa (/).
Ngaphansi kwesiqondisi somsuka, uzothola amanye noma onke amafolda alandelayo.
- /
- bin
- i-boot
- cdrom
- dev
- njll
- ekhaya
- lib
- lib64
- ilahlekile + itholiwe
- abezindaba
- mnt
- khetha
- i-proc
- impande
- run
- sbin
- srv
- sys
- tmp
- i-var
- usr
Ifolda yebhan iqukethe imiyalo engasetshenziswa yimuphi umsebenzisi onjengomyalo we-cd, ls, mkdir njll.
I-sbin iqukethe ama-binaries wesistimu.
Ifolda ye-usr imelela izinsiza ze-unix futhi iqukethe ifolda yebin ne-sbin. Ifolda ye-usr / bin ine-set of imiyalo enwetshiwe abasebenzisi abangayisebenzisa. Ngokufanayo, ifolda / usr / sbin iqukethe isethi esandisiwe yemiyalo yesistimu.
Ifolda ye-boot iqukethe konke okudingekayo inqubo yebhodi.
Ifolda ye-cdrom iyichaza.
Ifolda ye-dev iqukethe imininingwane mayelana nawo wonke amadivayisi kusistimu.
Ifolda njll njll lapho wonke amafayela okucushwa kwesistimu agcinwa khona.
Ifolda yasekhaya ngokuvamile lapho wonke amafolda omsebenzisi agcinwa khona futhi umsebenzisi ovamile nguye kuphela okufanele akhathazeke ngawo.
Amafolda e-libhu ne-lib64 aqukethe yonke imilabhu ekwabelaneni ne-kernel.
Ifolda elahlekile + etholakalayo izoqukatha amafayela angenalo igama elitholakale ngumyalo we-fsck.
Ifolda yabezindaba yilapho imidiya ephakanyisiwe efana namashayela e-USB atholakalayo.
Ifolda ye-mnt isetshenziselwa ukufaka isitoreji sesikhashana njengamashayela we-USB, amanye amafayela wefayela, izithombe ze-ISO, njll.
Ifolda yokukhetha isetshenziswa amanye amaphakheji e-software njengendawo yokugcina ama-binary. Amanye amaphakheji asebenzisa / usr / wendawo.
Ifolda yenkampani yifolda yesistimu esetshenziselwa i-kernel. Awudingi ngempela ukukhathazeka ngale folda kakhulu.
Ifolda yempande yinkomfa yasekhaya yomsebenzisi wezimpande.
Ifolda yokugijima ifolda yesistimu yokugcina ulwazi lwe-runtime lwesistimu.
Ifolda ehlelekile yilapho ungagcina izinto ezifana namafolda ewebhu, ulwazi lwami lwama-mysl, kanye nokugcinwa kwamakhompiyutha njll.
Ifolda ye-sys iqukethe isakhiwo sefolda ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi lwesistimu.
Ifolda ye-tmp yifolda yesikhashana.
Ifolda ye-var iqukethe ingcebo yonke yezinto eziqondene nesistimu kuhlanganise nedatha yemidlalo, imitapo enamandla, amarekhodi welogi, ama-ID wenqubo, imilayezo nedatha yesicelo esilondoloziwe.
Ukuzulazula kufolda ethile sebenzisa umyalo we-cd kanje:
cd / ikhaya / igama lomsebenzisi / Amadokhumenti
04 kwezingu-10
Indlela Yokudlulisela Emuva KuFolda Yasekhaya
Ungabuyela kufolda yekhaya kusuka kwenye indawo kusistimu usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
cd ~
Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela ogcwele kumyalo cd ~ .
05 ka-10
Indlela Yokwakha Ifolda Entsha
Uma ufuna ukwakha ifolda entsha ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
igama lefolda ye-mkdir
Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela ogcwele kumyalo we-mkdir .
Umhlahlandlela oxhunyanisiwe ubonisa indlela yokudala wonke ama-directories womzali kwifolda nokuthi ungabeka kanjani izimvume.
06 kwangu-10
Indlela Yakha Amafayela
I-Linux inikeza inamba engavamile yezindlela zokudala amafayela amasha.
Ukwakha ifayela elingenalutho ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
thinta igama lokufaka
Umyalo wokuthinta usetshenziselwa ukuvuselela isikhathi sokugcina sefayili kepha efayeleni engekho inempembelelo yokuyidala.
Ungakha futhi ifayela usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
cat> igama lefayela
Manje usungena umbhalo emgqeni womyalo bese ulondoloza kwifayela usebenzisa i-CTRL no-D
Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela ogcwele kumyalo wekati .
Indlela engcono yokudala amafayela ukusebenzisa i-nano editor. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ungeze imigqa yombhalo, uthathe futhi unamathele, useshe futhi ufake umbhalo futhi ulondoloze ifayela kumafomethi ahlukahlukene.
Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela ogcwele kumhleli we-nano .
07 kwangu-10
Indlela Yokuqamba kabusha futhi Uhambise Amafayela Emkhatsini Wesistimu Yefayela
Lezi zindlela eziningi zokuqamba kabusha amafayela.
Indlela elula yokuqamba kabusha ifayela ukusebenzisa umyalo we-mv.
mv oldfilename newfilename
Ungasebenzisa umyalo we-mv ukuhambisa ifayela kusuka kufolda eyodwa kuya kwenye.
mv / indlela / ye / original / ifayela / indlela / ye / / target / ifolda
Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela ogcwele kumyalo we-mv .
Uma ufuna ukuqamba kabusha amafayela amaningi afana nephethini efanayo ungasebenzisa umyalo wokuqamba kabusha.
qamba kabusha igama lokufaka esikhundleni igama lomsebenzisi (amafayela)
Ngokwesibonelo:
Qamba kabusha "gary" "tom" *
Lokhu kuzosusa wonke amafayela kwifolda nge-gary kuwo ngetamat. Ngakho ifayela elibizwa ngokuthi i-garycv lizoba tomcv.
Qaphela ukuthi umyalo wokuqamba kabusha awusebenzi kuzo zonke izinhlelo. Umyalo we-mv uvikelekile.
Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela ogcwele kumyalo wokuqamba kabusha .
08 kwezingu-10
Indlela Yokukopisha Amafayela
Ukuze ukopishe ifayela usebenzisa i-Linux ungasebenzisa umyalo we-cp kanje.
cp igama lefayela filename2
Umyalo ongenhla uzokopisha igama lefayela bese ulibiza ngegama lefayela.
Ungasebenzisa umyalo wekhophi ukukopisha amafayela kusuka kufolda eyodwa kuya kwenye.
Ngokwesibonelo
cp / ikhaya / igama lomsebenzisi / Amadokhumenti / userdoc1 / ikhaya / igama lomsebenzisi / Amadokhumenti / Ama-UserDocs
Umyalo ongenhla uzokopisha ifayela userdoc1 kusuka / ekhaya / igama lomsebenzisi / Amadokhumenti kuya / ekhaya / igama lomsebenzisi / Amadokhumenti / Ama-UserDocs
Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela ogcwele kumyalo we-cp .
09 kwezingu-10
Indlela yokususa ama-FIles namaFolders
Ungasusa amafayela namafolda usebenzisa umyalo we-rm:
igama legama le-rm
Uma ufuna ukususa ifolda udinga ukusebenzisa inkinobho elandelayo:
rm -R ifolda igama
Umyalo ongenhla ususa ifolda futhi okuqukethwe kwayo kufaka phakathi amafolda amancane.
Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela ogcwele kumyalo we-rm .
10 kwangu-10
Yiziphi izixhumanisi ezifanisayo kanye nezixhumanisi ezinzima
Isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso ifayela elikhomba elinye ifayela. Isinqamuleli sedeskithophu ngokuyinhloko isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso.
Ungase, isibonelo, ube nefayela elilandelayo kusistimu yakho.
- /home / igama lomsebenzisi/document/accounts/useraccounts.doc
Mhlawumbe ufuna ukukwazi ukufinyelela lelo dokhumenti kusuka kufolda yekhaya / lomsebenzisi.
Ungakha isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
ln -s /home / igama lomsebenzisi / amadokhumenti / ama-akhawunti / ama-akhawunti / ama-domain / igama lomsebenzisi / ama-akhawunti atholakalayo.doc
Ungahlela ifayela lomsebenzisi we-useraccounts.doc kuzo zonke zombili izindawo kodwa uma uhlela isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso empeleni uhlela ifayela efonini / ekhaya / lomsebenzisi / imibhalo / ifolda yama-akhawunti.
Isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso singadalwa ohlelweni olulodwa lwefayela bese ukhomba ifayela kwenye isistimu yefayela.
Isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso senza nje ifayela elinezipho kwenye ifayela noma ifolda.
Isixhumanisi esinzima, noma kunjalo, sakha ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwamafayela amabili. Ngokuyinhloko ziyifayela elifanayo kodwa ngegama elinye.
Isixhumanisi esinzima sinikeza indlela enhle yokuhlukanisa amafayela ngaphandle kokuthatha isikhala esengeziwe sediski.
Ungakha isixhumanisi esinzima usebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
Ifayela elifakwe ohlwini lwe-filenametolinkto
I-syntax ifana neyesixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso kodwa ayisebenzisi i--s switch.
Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela ogcwele oxhumana nabo onzima .