Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezixhumanisi ongayakha ngaphakathi kwe-Linux:
- Ama-Hard Links
- Ama-Symbolic Links
Isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso sifana nesinqamuleli sedeskithophu ngaphakathi kwe-Windows. Isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso sisho kuphela indawo yefayela.
Ukususa isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso akusho umphumela efayilini engokwenyama ukuthi isixhumanisi sikhombisa.
Isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso singakhomba kunoma yiluphi ifayela kuhlelo lwamanje lwefayela noma nakwamanye amafayela wefayela. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu kunesixhumanisi esinzima.
Isixhumanisi esinzima empeleni ifayela elifanayo elixhumanisa kodwa ngegama elihlukile. Indlela elula yokucabanga ngayo kanje:
Cabanga ukuthi uzalwe negama lokuqala uRobert. Abanye abantu bangase bazi wena njengoRobbie, Bob, Bobby noma uRob. Umuntu ngamunye uzobe ekhuluma ngomuntu ofanayo.
Isixhumanisi ngasinye sinezela ku-counter counter of links okusho ukuthi ususe ifayela lomzimba okufanele ususe ngalinye lezixhumanisi.
Kungani Usebenzisa I-Hard Links?
Izixhumanisi ezinzima zinikeza indlela ephumelelayo yokuhlela amafayela. Indlela elula yokuchaza lokhu inesiqephu esidala seSesame Street.
UBert watshela u-Ernie ukuba ahlanze izinto zakhe zonke ngakho u-Ernie wabeka umsebenzi wakhe. Okokuqala, wanquma ukususa zonke izinto ezibomvu. "Injini yomlilo ibomvu". Ngakho u-Ernie ubeka injini yomlilo kude.
U-Ernie olandelayo uzimisele ukulahla zonke izinto zokudlala ngamasondo. Injini yomlilo inamasondo. Ngakho u-Ernie wayesebenzisa injini yomlilo kude.
Akudingeki ukuthi, uBert ufika ekhaya ukuze athole imfucuza efanayo naleyo kodwa u-Ernie wayesebenzise injini yomlilo eceleni kwesigamu izikhathi ezingu-12.
Cabanga ukuthi injini yomlilo yayisithombe nje senjini yomlilo. Ungaba namafolda ahlukene kumshini wakho kanje:
- Izithombe zezinto ezibomvu
- Izithombe zezithuthi
- Izithombe zezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo
Manje ungakha ikhophi yesithombe bese uyibeka kuwo wonke amafolda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi unamakhophi amathathu efayela elifanayo ethatha izikhathi ezintathu isikhala.
Ukuhlukanisa izithombe ngokwenza amakhophi wabo kungase kungathathi isikhala esiningi kakhulu kodwa uma uzame into efanayo namavidiyo unganciphisa kakhulu isikhala sakho disk.
Isixhumanisi esinzima asithathi isikhala nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, ungagcina ividiyo efanayo emaceleni ahlukahlukene (ie ngonyaka, uhlobo, ukushaywa, abaqondisi) ngaphandle kokunciphisa isikhala sakho sediski.
Ungadala kanjani isixhumanisi esinzima
Ungakha isixhumanisi esinzima usebenzisa i-syntax elandelayo:
Indlela / kuya / ifayela / indlela / kuya / kanzima / isixhumanisi
Isibonelo, esithombeni esingenhla sinefolda yomculo we-Alice Cooper okuthiwa udoti endleleni / ekhaya / gary / Umculo / Alice Cooper / Trash. Kule folda, kunezingoma ezingu-10 enye okuyiyona i-Classic Poison.
Manje i-Poison iyisimboli sedwala ngakho sakha ifolda ebizwa ngokuthi iDwala ngaphansi kwefolda yomculo futhi yakha isixhumanisi esinzima ku-Poison ngokuthayipha ifayela elilandelayo:
ln "01 - Poison.mp3" "~ / Umculo / rock / Poison.mp3"
Lena yindlela enhle yokuhlela umculo .
Indlela Yokutshela Ukungafani Phakathi Kokuxhumanisa Kanzima Nesixhumanisi Esihambisanayo
Ungatshela uma ifayela linesixhumanisi esinzima ngokusebenzisa umyalo we-ls:
ls-k
Ifayela elijwayelekile ngaphandle kwezixhumanisi lizobukeka kanje
-rw-r - r-- 1 gary gary 1000 Dec 18 21:52 ubuthi.mp3
Amakholomu afana nalokhu:
- -rw-r - r-- = izimvume
- 1 = inombolo yezixhumanisi
- gary = iqembu
- gary = umnikazi
- 1000 = usayizi wefayela
- Ngomhlaka 18 = usuku
- 21:52 = isikhathi
- ubuthi.mp3 = igama lefayela
Uma lokhu kwakuyisixhumanisi esinzima umkhiqizo uzobukeka kanje:
-rw-r - r-- 2 gary gary 1000 Dec 18 21:52 ubuthi.mp3
Qaphela ukuthi inani lamakholomu exhumanisi likhombisa 2. Njalo uma kuhlanganiswa kanzima leyo nombolo izokhula.
Isixhumanisi esingokomfanekiso sizobukeka kanje:
-rw-r - r-- 1 gary gary 1000 Dec 18 21:52 ubuthi.mp3 -> ubuthi.mp3
Ungabona ngokucacile lelo fayela elilodwa likhomba omunye.
Indlela Yokuthola Zonke Izixhumanisi Ezinzima Kufayela
Wonke amafayela ohlelweni lwakho lwe-Linux aqukethe inombolo ye-inode ekhomba ngokukhethekile ifayela. Ifayela kanye nesixhumanisi sayo esinzima kuzoqukatha i-inode efanayo.
Ukuze ubone inombolo ye-inode yohlobo lwefayili umyalo olandelayo:
ls -i
Ukukhishwa kwefayela elilodwa kuyoba kanje:
1234567 igama lefayela
Ukuze uthole ukuxhumana okulukhuni kwefayili okudingeka nje wenze ukucinga kwefayela kuwo wonke amafayela nge-inode efanayo (okungukuthi 1234567).
Ungakwenza lokho ngomyalo olandelayo:
thola ~ / -xdev -inum 1234567