Ungadala kanjani ama-Linux nge-"mkdir" Command

Le mhlahlandlela izokubonisa ukuthi ungakha kanjani amafolda amasha noma izinkomba ngaphakathi kwe-Linux usebenzisa umugqa womyalo.

Umyalo oyisebenzisayo wokudala izinkomba yi-mkdir. Lesi sihloko sikhombisa indlela eyisisekelo yokwakha izinkomba kuLinux kanye nokufaka zonke izinguquko ezitholakalayo.

Indlela Yokwakha Uhlu Olusha

Indlela elula yokudala isiqondisi esisha kanje:

I-mkdir

Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukwakha isiqondisi ngaphansi kwefolda yakho yasekhaya ebizwa ngokuthi i-test, vula iwindi lokugcina bese uqinisekisa ukuthi usefolda yakho yasekhaya (sebenzisa umyalo cd ~ ).

ukuhlolwa kwe-mkdir

Ukushintsha Izimvume Zencwadi Yentsha

Emva kokudala ifolda entsha ongase ufise ukusetha izimvume ukuze umsebenzisi othile kuphela angene kufolda noma ukuze abanye abantu bakwazi ukuhlela amafayela kufolda kodwa abanye bafunde kuphela.

Esigabeni sokugcina, ngikubonise ukuthi ungakha kanjani isiqondisi esibizwa ngokuthi i-test. Ukugijima komyalo we-ls kuzokubonisa izimvume zalolu hlobo lwemibhalo:

ls-k

Amathuba uzoba nokuthile kule migqa:

i-drwxr-xr-x 2 umnikazi weqembu 4096 Mar 9 19:34 ukuhlolwa

Ama-bits esiba nesithakazelo kumnikazi we-drwxr-xr-x neqembu

I d isitshela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kungumhlahlandlela.

Izinhlamvu ezintathu zokuqala ngemuva kokudinga izimvume zomnini we-directory echazwe igama lomnikazi.

• r ifuna ukufunda
• w umele ukubhala
• x imelela ukukhipha (okuyinto kulokhu kusho ukuthi ungakwazi ukufinyelela ifolda)

Izinhlamvu ezintathu ezilandelayo yizimvume zeqembu zefayela elichazwe ngegama leqembu. Futhi izinketho ziyi-r, w, ne-x. I-itho ukuthi kukhona imvume engekho. Esikhathini esingaphezulu kunoma ubani ovela eqenjini angakwazi ukufinyelela ifolda futhi afunde amafayela kodwa akakwazi ukubhala kufolda.

Izinhlamvu ezintathu zokugcina ziyizimvume bonke abasebenzisi abanakho futhi njengoba ubona esibonelweni esingenhla zifana nezimvume zeqembu.

Ukushintsha izimvume zefayela noma ifolda ungasebenzisa umyalo we- chmod . Umyalo we-chmod kukuvumela ukuba ucacise izinombolo ezingu-3 ezibeka izimvume.

• funda izimvume = 4
• bhala izimvume = 2
• yenza izimvume = 1

Ukuze uthole ingxube yezimvume ungeza izinombolo ndawonye. Isibonelo ukuze ufunde futhi usebenzise izimvume inombolo oyidingayo ngu-5, ukuze ufunde futhi ubhale izimvume inombolo inombolo engu-6 futhi uthole ukubhala bese wenza izimvume inombolo inombolo engu-3.

Khumbula udinga ukucacisa izinombolo ezingu-3 njengengxenye yomyalo we-chmod. Inombolo yokuqala imvume yomnikazi, inombolo yesibili imvume yeqembu futhi inombolo yokugcina iwukuba wonke umuntu.

Isibonelo ukuthola izimvume eziphelele kumnikazi, funda futhi usebenzise izimvume eqenjini futhi azikho izimvume zabanye abanye abenza lokhu okulandelayo:

ukuhlolwa kwe-chmod 750

Uma ufisa ukushintsha igama leqembu eliphethe ifolda sebenzisa umyalo we-chgrp.

Isibonelo, cabanga ukuthi ufuna ukudala uhla lwemibhalo ukuthi wonke ama-accountants enkampanini akho angafinyelela.

Okokuqala, dala ama-akhawunti weqembu ngokuthayipha okulandelayo:

ama-groupadd akhawunti

Uma ungenayo imvume efanele yokwakha iqembu ungadinga ukusebenzisa i-sudo ukuze uthole amalungelo engeziwe noma ushintshela ku-akhawunti ngezimvume ezivumelekile usebenzisa umyalo .

Manje ungashintsha iqembu kwifolda ngokuthayipha okulandelayo:

I-chgrp akhawunti

Ngokwesibonelo:

ukuhlolwa kwe-chgrp akhawunti

Ukuze unike noma ubani kuqembu lama-akhawunti afunde, bhala futhi enze ukufinyeleleka kanye nomnikazi kodwa funda kuphela kwabanye abantu ongasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

ukuhlolwa kwe-chmod 770

Ukuze ungeze umsebenzisi eqenjini lama-akhawunti cishe uzofuna ukusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

I-usermod -a-G akhawunti

Umlayezo ongenhla uvumela iqembu le-akhawunti ukuba lihlu lwamacembu ayisithupha umsebenzisi angafinyelela kuwo.

Indlela Yokwakha Uhla lwemibhalo nokubeka Izimvume ngesikhathi esifanayo

Ungakha isiqondisi bese usetha izimvume zalolu hlobo lwemibhalo ngesikhathi esifanayo usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

mkdir-m777

Umyalo ongenhla uzodala ifolda wonke umuntu onokufinyelela. Kuyinto engavamile ukuthi ufuna ukudala noma yini ngalolu hlobo lwezimvume.

Yakha Ifolda Noma Yimuphi Abazali Okudingekayo

Cabanga ukuthi ufuna ukudala isakhiwo somqondisi kodwa awufuni ukwakha ifolda ngayinye kanye nendlela futhi usebenze indlela yakho phansi kwesihlahla.

Isibonelo, ungase udale amafolda omculo wakho kanje:

• / ekhaya / umculo / idwala / i-alicecooper
• / ekhaya / umculo / idwala / indlovukazi
• / ekhaya / umculo / rap / umdanso
• / ekhaya / umculo / jazz / louisjordan

Kungaba ecasulayo ukudala ifolda yedwala, bese uhlanganisa i-alice cooper ne-queen queen bese udala ifolda ye-rap kanye nefrida ye-dr dre bese ufaka ifolda ye-jazz bese ufaka ifolda ye-louisjordan.

Ngokucacisa inkinobho elandelayo ungadala wonke amafolda omzali ngendiza uma engekho kakade.

ikhamera ye-mkdir -p <>

Isibonelo, ukwakha enye yamafolda abhalwe ngenhla zama umyalo olandelayo:

mkdir -p ~ / umculo / rock / alicecooper

Ukuthola isiqinisekiso sokuthi Uhla lwemibhalo lwakhiwe

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, umyalo we-mkdir awukutsheli ukuthi ngabe i-directory oyidalayo yenziwe ngempumelelo. Uma kungekho amaphutha avela khona ungacabanga ukuthi unayo.

Uma ufuna ukuthola umkhiqizo we-verbose owengeziwe ukuze wazi ukuthi yini edalwe besebenzisa inkinobho elandelayo.

I-mkdir -v

Okukhiphayo kuzobe kuhambisane nemigqa ye- mkdir: isiqondisi esihleliwe / indlela / kuya / igama lomhlahlandlela .

Ukusebenzisa & # 34; mkdir & # 34; ku-Script Shell

Ngezinye izikhathi uzofuna ukusebenzisa umyalo we "mkdir" njengengxenye yeskripthi segobolondo. Isibonelo, ake sibheke iskripthi esamukela indlela. Uma iskriphthi siphethwe sizodala ifolda bese ufaka ifayela elilodwa lombhalo elibizwa ngokuthi "hello".

#! / bin / bash

mkdir $ @

cd $ @

thinta u-hello

Umugqa wokuqala kufanele ufakwe kuzo zonke izikripthi ozibhalayo futhi usetshenziselwa ukubonisa ukuthi lokhu kuyi-script ye-BASH ngempela.

Umyalo we "mkdir" usetshenziselwa ukwakha ifolda. I "$ @" ( eyaziwa nangokuthi imingcele yokufakwayo ) ekupheleni komugqa wesibili nowe-3 ithathelwe esikhundleni senani olichazayo uma usebenzisa iskripthi.

Umyalo "we-cd" uguqulela esiqondisweni osichazayo futhi ekugcineni umyalo wokuthinta udala ifayela elingenalutho elibizwa ngokuthi "hello".

Ungazama iskripthi sakho. Ukuze wenze kanjalo landela le miyalo:

1. Vula iwindi lokuphela (cindezela u-Alt no-T kufanele bakwenze)
2. Faka nano createhellodirectory.sh
3. Thayipha imiyalo engenhla kumhleli
4. Londoloza ifayela ngokucindezela i-CTRL no-O ngesikhathi esifanayo
5. Phuma ifayela ngokucindezela i-CTRL no-X ngesikhathi esifanayo
6. Shintsha izimvume ngokuthayipha i- chmod + x createhellodirectory.sh
7. Qalisa iskripthi ngokuthayipha ./createhellodirectory.sh test

Uma ugijima iskripthi isiqondisi esibizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa" sizodalwa futhi uma ushintsha kulokho lwemibhalo ( test cd) bese uqhuba uhlu lwemibhalo ( ls), uzobona ifayela elilodwa elibizwa ngokuthi "hello".

Kuze kube kuhle kangaka kodwa manje zama ukuqhuba isinyathelo sesi-7 futhi.

1. Kuvele iphutha lokuthi ifolda isivele ikhona.

Kunezinto eziningi esingayenza ukuze sithuthukise iskripthi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ifolda isivele ikhona asikhathaleli ngokukhethekile uma nje ikhona.

#! / bin / bash

mkdir -p $ @

cd $ @

thinta u-hello

Uma ucacisa i--p njengengxenye yomyalo we-mkdir khona-ke angeke iphutha uma ifolda isivele ikhona kepha uma engekho izoyidala.

Njengoba kwenzeke umyalo wokuthinta uzodala ifayela uma lingekho kodwa uma likhona lishintsha usuku nosuku olufinyelelekile.

Cabanga ukuthi isitatimende sokuthinta sithathwe esikhundleni sesitatimende se- echo esibhala umbhalo kwifayili kanje:

#! / bin / bash

mkdir -p $ @

cd $ @

bhala "thola" >> hello

Uma uqhuba umyalo "./createhellodirectory.sh test" ngokuphindaphindiwe umphumela uzoba ukuthi ifayela elibizwa ngokuthi "hello" kusihlokwana sokuhlola lizokhula likhudlwana futhi likhudlwana ngemigqa eminingi nangaphezulu ngegama "hello" kulo.

Manje, lokhu kungenzeka noma kungabi khona okuhlosiwe kodwa ake sithi manje akusilo isenzo esifisekayo. Ungabhala uhlolo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isiqondisi asikho ngaphambi kokuba ugijime umyalo we-echo kanje.

#! / bin / bash

mkdir $ @ 2> / dev / null;

uma [$? -eq 0]; ke

cd $ @

bhala "thola" >> hello

Phuma

fi

Isikripthi esingenhla siyindlela yami ekhethiwe yokusingatha ukudalwa kwamafolda. Umlayezo we-mkdir udala ifolda edluliselwa njengeparitha yokufaka kodwa noma yikuphi okukhipha iphutha kuthunyelwe ku- / dev / null (okungasho ukuthi akukho ndawo).

Umzila wesithathu uhlola isimo sokukhishwa komyalo wangaphambilini esitatimende se- "mkdir" futhi uma siphumelele sizokwenza izitatimende kuze kufinyelelwe isitatimende "fi".

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungakha ifolda bese wenza zonke izinto ozifunayo uma umyalo uphumelele. Uma ufuna ukwenza okunye uma umyalo ungaphumelelanga, ungakwazi ukufaka nje isitatimende esilandelayo kanje:

#! / bin / bash

mkdir $ @ 2> / dev / null;

uma [$? -eq 0]; ke
cd $ @
bhala "thola" >> hello
Phuma
okunye
cd $ @
bhala "hello"> hello
Phuma
fi

Esikhathini script esingenhla uma isitatimende se-mkdir sisebenza khona isitatimende se-echo sithumela igama elithi "hello" ekupheleni kwefayela elibizwa ngokuthi "hello" kanti uma lingekho ifayela elisha lizodalwa ngokuthi "hello" negama elithi " hello "kuwo.

Lesi sibonelo asikona ngokukhethekile ngoba ungaphumelela imiphumela efanayo ngokuhlala uqhuba i- echo ethi "hello"> umugqa wamukelekile . Iphuzu lesibonelo ukukhombisa ukuthi ungasebenzisa umyalo we- "mkdir", ufihle umkhiqizo wephutha, hlola isimo somyalo ukuze ubone ukuthi uphumelele noma cha bese wenza isimiso esisodwa semilayezo uma umyalo we "mkdir" waphumelela futhi enye imiyalo yemithetho uma kungenjalo.