NAME
Ngena ngemvume - ngena ngemvume
SYNOPSIS
ungene ngemvume [ igama ]
login -p
login -h hostname
igama lokungena ngemvume
DESCRIPTION
Ukungena ngemvume kusetshenziselwa ukusayina ohlelweni . Kungasetshenziselwa ukushintsha ukusuka komunye umsebenzisi ukuya kwenye nganoma yisiphi isikhathi (amagobolondo amaningi anamuhla anesekela lesi sici esakhiwe kubo, noma kunjalo).
Uma ingxabano inganikezwa, ukungena ngemvume kwegama lomsebenzisi.
Uma umsebenzisi engekho impande, futhi uma / njll / nologin ikhona, okuqukethwe kwale fayela kushicilelwe esibukweni, futhi ukungena ngemvume kuqedwa. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukungena lapho uhlelo lusehliswa.
Uma imikhawulo yokufinyelela ekhethekile ichazwa kumsebenzisi ku / / etc / usertty , lokhu kumele kuhlangatshezwe, noma umgobo wokuzama uzakwenywa futhi umlayezo we- syslog uzokwenziwa. Bona isigaba esithi "Izivimbelo Ezikhethekile Zokufinyelela".
Uma umsebenzisi engenazimpande, ukungena ngemvume kumele kwenzeke ku-tty ohlwini / etc / ephephile . Ukuhluleka kuzongena ngemvume kusikhungo se- syslog .
Ngemuva kokuthi lezi zimo zihloliwe, iphasiwedi izocelwa futhi ihlolwe (uma iphasiwedi idinga leli gama lomsebenzisi). Imizamo eyishumi ivunyelwe ngaphambi kokungena ngemvume , kodwa emva kokuqala kokuqala, impendulo iqala ukuphuza kakhulu. Ukuhluleka kokungena ngemvume kubikwa ngesistimu ye- syslog . Lesi sakhiwo sisetshenziselwa ukubika noma yimiphi ukungena kwempande okuphumelelayo.
Uma ifayela .hushlogin likhona, khona-ke ukungena ngemvume "okuthulile" kwenziwa (lokhu kukhubaza ukuhlola kwemeyili nokunyatheliswa kwesikhathi sokungena ngemvume nomyalezo wosuku). Uma kungenjalo, uma / var / log / lastlog ikhona, isikhathi sokungena sokugcina sinyatheliswa (futhi ukungena ngemvume okwamanje kubhaliwe).
Izinto ezingahleliwe zokuphatha, ezifana nokubeka i-UID ne-GID ye-tty yenziwa. Ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwe-TERM kuyagcinwa uma kukhona (ezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo zendawo zigcinwa uma i-- p inketho isetshenziswa). Khona-ke ukushintshashintsha kwemvelo, IKHAYA, PATH, SHELL, TERM, MAIL, ne-LOGNAME imisiwe. I-PATH ihambelana ne / usr / yendawo / ibin: / bin: / usr / bin :. kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile, naku / sbin: / bin: / usr / sbin: / usr / bin wempande. Okokugcina, uma lokhu kungengena ngemvume "okuthulile," umlayezo wosuku ushicilelwe futhi ifayela ngegama lomsebenzisi ku / var / spool / mail lizohlolwa, futhi umlayezo ophrintiwe uma ungebude obude.
Igobolondo lomsebenzisi iqalwa. Uma kungenjalo igobolondo ichazwe ukuthi umsebenzisi / / etc / passwd , bese / bin / sh isetshenziswa. Uma kungekho uhla lwemibhalo oluchazwe ku / etc / passwd , bese / isetshenzisiwe (isiqondisi sasekhaya sihlolwe kwifayili ye -hushlogin echazwe ngenhla).
AMAKHONO
-p
Isetshenziswe ngu- getty (8) ukutshela ukungena ngemvume ukuze ungabhubhisi imvelo
-f
Isetshenziswe ukweqa ukuqinisekiswa kwesibili kokungena ngemvume. Lokhu akusebenzi kahle empande, futhi akubonakali ukusebenza kahle ngaphansi kwe- Linux .
-h
Isetshenziswe amanye amaseva (isib., Telnetd (8)) ukudlulisa igama lomsingcele osuka kude ukuze ungene ngemvume ukuze ifakwe ku-utmp ne-wtmp. Nguye kuphela umqashi ongasebenzisa lolu khetho.
Izithibelo zokufinyelela okukhethekile
Uhlu lwefayela / njll / oluvikelekile amagama we-ttys lapho izimpande zivunyelwe khona ukungena ngemvume. Igama elilodwa ledivayisi ye-tty ngaphandle kwe-dev / dev / isiqalo kufanele lichazwe kumugqa ngamunye. Uma ifayela lingekho, izimpande zivunyelwe ukungena ngemvume kunoma iyiphi i-tty.
Kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ze-Linux zanamuhla ze-PAM (Amamodeli Wokuqinisekiswa Okuxhunyiwe) asetshenzisiwe. Kuzinhlelo ezingasebenzisi i-PAM, ifayela / njll / usertty ichaza imingcele yokufinyelela eyengeziwe kubasebenzisi abathile. Uma le fayela engekho, akukho mingcele yokufinyelela eyengeziwe enikezwayo. Ifayela liqukethe ukulandelana kwezigaba. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezigaba ezingenzeka: AMAKHASI, ama-GROUPS nama-USERS. ISIGABA se-CLASS sichaza amakilasi ama-ttys namaphethini wegama lomkhosi, isigaba se-GROUPS sichaza ama-ttys avunyelwe kanye nesibindi esakhiweni ngasinye, futhi isigaba se-USERS sichaza ama-ttys avunyelwe kanye nesibindi ngamakhasimende ngamunye.
Umugqa ngamunye kule fayela kungenzeka ungabi ngaphezu kwezinhlamvu ezingu-255. Amazwana aqala nomuntu ongu- # futhi anwebeze ekupheleni komugqa.
Isigaba se-CLASSES
ISIGABA se-CLASS siqala ngamazwi AMAKHASI ekuqaleni komugqa kuwo wonke amacala aphezulu. I-line ngayinye elandelayo kuze kube sekuqaleni kwesigaba esisha noma ekugcineni kwefayela kuqukethe ukulandelana kwamagama ahlukaniswe amathebhu noma izikhala. Umugqa ngamunye uchaza isigaba sama-ttys namaphethini wokubamba.
Igama ekuqaleni komugqa lichazwa njengegama elihlanganyelwe lamaphethini we-ttys kanye nomsingcele okucacisiwe kuwo wonke umugqa. Leli gama eliqoqiwe lingasetshenziswa kunoma yiliphi i-GROUPS noma isigaba se-USERS esilandelayo. Ayikho igama lesigaba esinjalo okumelwe lenzeke njengengxenye yencazelo yekilasi ukuze kugweme izinkinga ngezigaba eziphindaphindiwe.
Isigaba samasigaba CLASS:
AMAKHASI myclass1 tty1 tty2 myclass2 tty3 @ .foo.comLokhu kuchaza amakilasi i- myclass1 ne- myclass2 njengamahlangothi angakwesokudla.
Isigaba se-GROUPS
ISIGABA se-GROUPS sichaza ama-ttys avunyelwe kanye nesibindi esiqenjini ngasinye se-Unix. Uma umsebenzisi ilungu leqembu le-Unix ngokusho / / etc / passwd kanye / etc / iqembu futhi lelo qembu libalulwe esigabeni se-GROUPS ku / etc / usertty ke umsebenzisi unikezwa ukufinyelela uma iqembu likhona.
ISIGABA se-GROUPS siqala ngegama GROUPS kukho konke okusemthethweni ekuqaleni komugqa, futhi umugqa ngamunye olandelayo ukulandelana kwamazwi ahlukaniswe izikhala noma amathebhu. Igama lokuqala emgqeni yigama leqembu futhi wonke amanye amagama emgqeni ucacisa ama-ttys kanye nabaseGundane lapho amalungu alowo maqembu avunyelwe ukufinyelela. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibandakanye ukusetshenziswa kwamakilasi achazwe kumacandelo ase-CLASSES angaphambilini.
Isibonelo sigaba se-GROUPS.
I-GROUPS sys tty1 @ .bar.edu stud myclass1 tty4Lesi sibonelo sicacisa ukuthi amalunga weqembu sys angangena ngemvume ku-tty1 nakubantu basekhaya kusizinda se-bar.edu. Abasebenzisi be- stud yeqembu bangangena ngemvume kusuka ku-Host / ttys echazwe ekilasini i-myclass1 noma kusuka ku-tty4.
Isigaba se-USERS
Isigaba se-USERS siqala ngegama ABASEBENZI kuzo zonke izici ezingenhla ekuqaleni komugqa, futhi umugqa ngamunye olandelayo ukulandelana kwamazwi ahlukaniswe izikhala noma amathebhu. Igama lokuqala emgqeni igama lomsebenzisi nokuthi umsebenzisi uvunyelwe ukungena ngemvume kuma-ttys nakwabaseMibindi okukhulunywe ngayo kulo lonke ulayini. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibandakanye amakilasi achazwe kumacandelo ase-CLASS. Uma kungenjalo inhloko yesigaba ichazwe phezulu kwefayela, isigaba sokuqala sihlehliswa sibe yingxenye ye-USERS.
Isibonelo sakwa-USERS:
USERS zacho tty1 @ 130.225.16.0 / 255.255.255.0 blue tty3 myclass2Lokhu kuvumela umsebenzisi we-zacho ukuthi angene ngemvume kuphela ku-tty1 nakuyi-Hosts nge-addreses ye-IP ebangeni 130.225.16.0 - 130.225.16.255, futhi umsebenzisi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka uvunyelwe ukungena ngemvume kusuka ku-tty3 nanoma yini ecacisiwe ekilasini i-myclass2.
Kungaba khona umugqa kusigaba se-USERS esala igama lomsebenzisi *. Lona umthetho ozenzakalelayo futhi uzosetshenziselwa kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi ongafanisi nanoma iyiphi enye umugqa.
Uma kokubili umugqa we-USERS nomugqa we-GROUPS ufanisa umsebenzisi khona-ke umsebenzisi uvunyelwe ukufinyelela kusuka kumanyano wabo bonke ama-ttys / abanikazi abashiwo okushiwo kulezi zinkcazo.
Iziqalo
Imininingwane yephethini ye-tty neyemphathi esetshenziselwa ukucaciswa kwamakilasi, ukufinyelela kweqembu kanye nomsebenzisi kuthiwa yimvelaphi. I-string yomsuka ingaba neyodwa yalezi zakhiwo:
o
Igama ledivayisi ye-tty ngaphandle kwe-dev / dev / isiqalo, isibonelo tty1 noma ttyS0.
o
I-string @localhost, okusho ukuthi umsebenzisi uvunyelwe ukuba afakwe ku-telnet / rlogin kusuka kumphathi wendawo ukuya kumphathi ofanayo. Lokhu kuvumela futhi umsebenzisi ukuba isibonelo ngokugijima umyalo: xterm -e / bin / login.
o
Igama legama lesizinda njengokuthi @ .some.dom, okusho ukuthi umsebenzisi angangena / telnet kusuka kunoma yimuphi umeshi ogama lakhe lesizinda sinesidingo .some.dom.
o
Uhlu lwamakheli we-IPv4, obhalwe phansi @ xxxx / yyyy lapho i-xxxx ikheli le-IP ku-notation ye-quad yesimanje esinezintambo ezijwayelekile, futhi yyyy i-bitmask ekubaleni okufanayo okucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izinkomba ekhelini elizoqhathaniswa nekheli le-IP le - remote host . Isibonelo @ 130.225.16.0 / 255.255.254.0 sisho ukuthi umsebenzisi angangena / telnet kunoma yikuphi ukusingatha ikheli lakhe le-IP elisebusweni 130.225.16.0 - 130.225.17.255.
Noma yimiphi imvelaphi engenhla ingahle ilandiswe ngokuchazwa kwesikhathi ngokusho kwe-syntax:
izikhathipec :: = '['Isibonelo, umsuka [mon: umusi: wed: thu: f: 8-17] tty3 kusho ukuthi ukungena ngemvume kuvunyelwe ngemini phakathi kwemini phakathi kuka-8: 00 no-17:59 (5:59 pm) ngo-tty3. Lokhu kubonisa nokuthi uhla lwehora ab lubandakanya zonke izikhathi phakathi kwe: 00 no-b: 59. Ukuchazwa kwehora elilodwa (okufana no-10) kusho isikhathi esiphakathi kuka-10 no-10: 59.
Ukungacacisi noma yisiphi isinqamuleli sesikhathi se-tty noma isingatha kusho ukuthi ungena ngemvume kusuka kulowo mvelaphi kuvunyelwe noma nini. Uma unikezela isiqalo sesikhathi qinisekisa ukuthi ucacise kokubili isethi yezinsuku nomunye noma ngaphezulu kwamahora noma amahora wehora. Isikhathi sesikhathi angeke sibandakanye isikhala esimhlophe.
Uma kungekho okungahleliwe okunikezwayo abasebenzisi abangalingani noma yiliphi umugqa / njll / usertty bavunyelwe ukungena ngemvume kusuka kunoma yikuphi ukuziphatha okujwayelekile.
BONA FUTHI
Okubalulekile: Sebenzisa umyalo womuntu ( % umuntu ) ukuze ubone ukuthi umyalo usetshenziswe kanjani kukhompyutha yakho ethile.