Indlela Yokudlulisela Amaphethelo E-Router Yakho

Amanye imidlalo nezinhlelo zokusebenza kuphela uma uvula ichweba elithile

Udinga ukuvula amarekhodi ku- router yakho ngeminye imidlalo yamavidiyo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze usebenze kahle. Nakuba router yakho inamanye amachweba avula ngokuzenzakalelayo, iningi livaliwe futhi liyasebenza kuphela uma uvula ngesandla.

Uma imidlalo yakho yamavidiyo e-intanethi, iseva yefayela, noma ezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana zingasebenzi, udinga ukufinyelela ku-router yakho futhi uvule amarekhodi athile okudingwa yisicelo.

Kuyini Ukuthunyelwa Kwezibuko?

Yonke ithrafikhi edlula router yakho yenza kanjalo ngamachweba. Njalo ichweba lifana nepayipi ekhethekile eyenziwe uhlobo oluthile lomgwaqo. Uma uvula i-port ku-router, ivumela uhlobo oluthile lwedatha ukuthi luhambisane nomzila.

Isenzo sokuvula ichweba, nokukhetha idivayisi kunethiwekhi ukuthumela lezo izicelo, kuthiwa yi- port forwarding . Ungacabanga ngokudluliselwa kwechweba njengokuthinta ipayipi kusukela ku-router kuya kudivayisi edingekile ukusebenzisa i-port-kukhona umugqa oqondile-wezinto phakathi kokubili okuvumela ukugeleza kwedatha.

Isibonelo, amaseva we-FTP alalela ukuxhumana okungenayo ku- port 21 . Uma une-FTP iseva eyakhelwe ukuthi akekho umuntu ongaphandle kwenethiwekhi yakho ongakwazi ukuxhuma kuyo, ungathanda ukuvula i-port 21 kumzila bese uyithumela kukhompyutha oyisebenzisayo njengeseva. Uma wenza lokhu, leyo pipe entsha, ezinikezele isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa amafayela kusuka kuseva, ngokusebenzisa i-router, futhi ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi eya kumakhasimende we- FTP oxhumana nayo.

Okufanayo nakwezinye izimo ezifana namageyimu wevidiyo adinga i-intanethi ukuxhumana nabanye abadlali, amaklayenti ahamba phambili adinga amarekhodi athile avulekile ukulayisha nokukwabelana ngamafayela, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthumela imibiko esheshayo ezithumela futhi zamukele imilayezo echwebeni eliqondile kakhulu, futhi abanye.

Ngokusobala zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuxhumana zifuna i-port ukuba iqhubekele, ngakho-ke uma uhlelo noma uhlelo lokusebenza lungasebenzi lapho konke okunye kuhlelwe ngendlela efanele, kungase kudingeke uvule i-port ku-router yakho nokudlulisela izicelo kudivayisi efanele (isib. ikhompyutha, iphrinta, noma i-console yegeyimu).

Ukuhanjiswa kwebanga lesiphakamiso kufana nokudluliselwa kwechweba kepha kungokudlulisela lonke uhla lwamaports. Umdlalo othile wevidiyo ungase usebenzise amabhulogi 3478-3480, isibonelo, ngakho-ke esikhundleni sokuthayipha konke okuthathu ku-router njengezibuko ezihlukile, ungadlulisela phambili uhlangothi olulodwa kukhompyutha eqhuba lo mdlalo.

Qaphela: Ngezansi izinyathelo ezimbili eziyinhloko udinga ukuqedela ukudlulisela amathrekhi ku-router yakho. Ngenxa yokuthi yonke idivaysi ihlukile, futhi ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ukushintshashintsha okuningi kwe-router ngaphandle, lezi zinyathelo akuzona eziqondile kunoma iyiphi idivayisi. Uma udinga usizo olungeziwe, bhekisa kumbhalo womsebenzisi wedivaysi embuzweni, isibonelo umhlahlandlela womsebenzisi we-router yakho.

Nikeza idivayisi ikheli le-IP elimisiwe

Idivaysi ezozuza echwebeni phambili idinga ukuba nekheli le-IP static . Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kungadingeki uqhubeke uguqula izilungiselelo zokudlulisela izibuko njalo lapho uthola ikheli elisha le-IP .

Isibonelo, uma ikhompiyutha yakho izoba isofthiwe eqhubayo ehambayo, uzofuna ukunikeza ikheli le-IP elimisiwe kulokho khompyutha. Uma i-console yakho yokudlala idinga ukusebenzisa ibanga elithile lamachweba, lizodinga ikheli le-IP eliyisitezi.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza lokhu-kusuka ku-router nakukhompyutha. Uma uhlela ikheli le-IP eliyikhompyutha yakho, kulula ukwenza khona lapho.

Ukusetha ikhompuyutha yeWindows ukusebenzisa ikheli le-IP static, kufanele ukhohlwe ukuthi iyiphi ikheli le-IP eliyisebenzisa manje.

1. Vula i-Prom Prompt kukhompyutheni.
2. Faka i- ipconfig / yonke umyalo .
3. Qopha lokhu okulandelayo: Ikheli le-IPv4 , i- Subnet Mask , i- Default Gateway , ne- DNS Servers . Uma ubona okungaphezulu kokukodwa kwekheli le-IPv4 , bheka enye ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "I-adapter Ethernet Connection Area Area," "i-adapter Ethernet Ethernet" noma "i-adapter ye-Ethernet LAN Wi-Fi." Ungakwazi ukungazinaki noma yini enye, njenge-Bluetooth, i-VMware, i-VirtualBox, nezinye izinto ezingezona ezizenzakalelayo.

Manje, ungasebenzisa lolo lwazi ukusetha ikheli le-IP eliyiqiniso ngempela.

1. Kusukela ebhokisini lebhokisi le-Run ( WIN + R ), ukuxhumeka koxhumano lwenethiwekhi nomyalo we- ncpa.cpl .
2. Chofoza ngakwesokudla noma thinta-bese ubambe uxhumano olufanayo negama elifana nelokho olikhomba ku-Command Prompt. Esikhathini sethu esingenhla, singakhetha u- Ethernet0 .
3. Khetha izindawo ezivela kwimenyu yesimo.
4. Khetha i- Protocol Protocol ye-Inthanethi 4 (TCP / IPv4) ohlwini futhi uchofoze / sithinta Izimpahla .
5. Khetha Sebenzisa ikheli le-IP elilandelayo: inketho.
6. Faka yonke imininingwane efanayo oyikopishe kusuka ku-Command Prompt-ikheli le-IP, i-subnet mask, isango elizenzakalelayo, namaseva e-DNS.
7. Khetha Kulungile uma usuqedile.

Okubalulekile: Uma unezinsiza eziningana kwinethiwekhi yakho ezithola amakheli e-IP kusuka ku- DHCP , ungagcini ikheli elifanayo le-IP oyitholile ku-Command Prompt. Isibonelo, uma i-DHCP isethiwe ukuze isebenzise amakheli avela echibini phakathi kuka-192.168.1.2 no-192.168.1.20, lungisa ikheli le-IP ukusebenzisa ikheli le-IP elihle elingaphandle kwalolu hlu ukuze kugweme ukuxabana kwekheli . Ungasebenzisa i-192.168.1. 21 noma ngaphezu kwalesi sibonelo. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini, faka u-10 noma 20 kudijithi yokugcina ekheli lakho le-IP uphinde usebenzise njenge-IP static ku-Windows.

Ungase futhi usethe i-Mac yakho ukusebenzisa ikheli le-IP static, kanye ne-Ubuntu namanye amadivaysi e-Linux.

Enye indlela ukusebenzisa router ukusetha ikheli IP static. Ungenza lokhu uma udinga idivayisi engekho ikhompyutha ukuze ube nekheli elingaguquki (njenge-console yokudlala noma iphrinta).

1. Finyelela ku-router njengomqondisi .
2. Thola indawo ethi "Uhlu lwabaxhasi," "I-DHCP Pool," "Ukubhuka kwe-DHCP," noma ingxenye efanayo yezilungiselelo .Umqondo uwukuthola uhlu lwamadivaysi okwamanje axhunyiwe ku-router. Ikheli le-IP lwedivayisi elibuzwayo lizofakwa kuhlu kanye negama layo.
3. Kumelwe kube nendlela yokugcina enye yalezi amakheli we-IP ukuyihlanganisa nale divayisi ukuze i-router isebenzise ngaso sonke isikhathi uma idivayisi icela ikheli le-IP. Kungase kudingeke ukhethe ikheli le-IP kusuka kuhlu noma khetha "Engeza" noma "Indawo."

Izinyathelo ezingenhla ziyi-generic kusukela isabelo se-IP static sihlukile kuwo wonke ama-router, iphrinta, kanye nedivayisi yokudlala. Landela lezi zixhumanisi ngeziqondiso ezithile ngokugcina amakheli e-IP kulawa madivayisi: NETGEAR, Google, Linksys, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, iphrinta ye-Canon, iphrinta ye-HP.

Setha Up Ukudlulisela Port

Manje ukuthi uyayazi ikheli le-IP yedivayisi futhi ulilungiselele ukuyeka ukushintsha, ungangena ku-router yakho futhi usethe izilungiselelo zokudlulisela ichweba.

1. Ngena ngemvume ku-router yakho njengomqondisi . Lokhu kudinga ukuba wazi ikheli le-IP yom router , igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi. Landela lezo zixhumanisi uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokho.
2. Thola izinketho zokudlulisela ichweba. Ahluke kuwo wonke ama router kodwa angabizwa okuthiwa njengePort Ukudlulisela , ukuHlelwa kwe-Port , Izicelo nokuGembula , noma ukuPhathwa kwePort Range . Bangase bangcwatshwe ngaphakathi kwezinye izigaba zezilungiselelo njenge- Network , Wireless , noma Advanced .
3. Thayipha inombolo ye-port noma ibanga lesiphakamiso ofuna ukulidlulisela phambili. Uma udlulisela ichweba elilodwa, thayipha inombolo efanayo ngaphansi kokubili amabhokisi angaphakathi naphakathi. Ngokwezintambo zokudoba, sebenzisa amabhokisi okuqala nokuphela . Iningi lemidlalo nezinhlelo zizokutshela kahle ukuthi yiziphi izibuko okudingayo ukuvula ku-router, kodwa uma ungazi ukuthi yiziphi izinombolo okufanele uzifake lapha, i-PortForward.com inokuluhlu olukhulu lwamapayipi ajwayelekile.
4. Khetha i-protocol, noma i- TCP noma i- UDP . Ungakhetha futhi kokubili uma udinga. Lolu lwazi kufanele luphinde lutholakale kusuka ohlelweni noma umdlalo ochaza inombolo ye-port.

1. Uma kubuzwa, igama lechweba liqala noma yini enengqondo kuwe. Uma kungenxa yohlelo lwe- FTP , yibize i-FTP , noma i- Medal of Honor uma udinga ivule evulekile kulowo mdlalo. Akukhathaleki ukuthi uyini igama ngoba libhekisela ngokwakho kuphela.
2. Thayipha ikheli le-IP static oyisebenzisayo ku-Isinyathelo 9 ngenhla.
3. Nika amandla ukubusa kokudluliswa kwechweba nge- Ongenayo noma Vula inketho.

Nasi isibonelo salokho okubukeka sengathi sithumele amachwebeni ku-Linksys WRT610N:

Amanye ama-routers angakunikeza ngokusebenzisa idijithali yokusetha phambili echwebeni eyenza kube lula ukumisa. Isibonelo, i-router ingase ikunike kuqala uhlu lwamadivayisi asevele esebenzisa ikheli le-IP static bese ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe inombolo yeprotocol kanye nenombolo ye-port kusuka lapho.

Nazi ezinye iziyalezo zokudlulisela ukuthutha ezichazwe kakhulu kulezi zimpawu zomzila: D-Link, NETGEAR, TP-Link, Belkin, Google, Linksys.

Okuningi kumachweba avulekile

Uma ukudlulisela i-port ku-router yakho akuvumeli uhlelo noma umdlalo ukusebenza kumakhompiyutha wakho, kungase kudingeke uhlole ukuthi uhlelo lwe-firewall aluvimbeli nendawo, futhi. I-port efanayo kufanele ivuleke ku-router nekhompyutheni yakho ukuze isicelo sisebenzise.

Ithiphu: Ukuze ubone ukuthi i-Windows Firewall ingabekwa yini ukuvimbela ichweba osuvele uvule ku-router yakho, khubaza okwesikhashana i -firewall bese uhlola ichweba futhi. Uma ichweba ivaliwe ku-firewall, kuzodingeka uhlele ezinye izilungiselelo ukuyivula.

Uma uvula i-port ku-router yakho, ithrafikhi manje igeleza futhi iphume kuyo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uskena inethiwekhi yakho kumachweba avulekile, kufanele ubone konke okuvulekile kusuka ngaphandle. Kukhona amawebhusayithi namathuluzi akha ngokuqondile lokhu.

Ungahlola uma ichweba livulekile uma ufuna ukugwema ukungena kum router wakho ukuhlola, noma mhlawumbe usuvele ulandele izinyathelo ezingenhla kodwa uhlelo noma umdlalo awusasebenzi, futhi ufuna ukuhlola ukuthi ichweba yavulwa ngokufanele. Esinye isizathu ukwenza okuphambene nalokhu: qiniseka ukuthi ichweba ovale empeleni livaliwe.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyenzani, kunezindawo eziningana zokuthola i-port evulekile yokuhlola i-port. I-PortChecker.co ne-NetworkAppers bobabili banezikhonkwane ze-intanethi ezingakwazi ukuskena inethiwekhi yakho kusuka ngaphandle, futhi i-Advanced Port Scanner ne-FreePortScanner iyasiza ukuskena amanye amadivaysi kwinethiwekhi yakho yangasese.

Ukuphela kwechweba elilodwa lingase libe khona kuzo zonke izimo zalelo port. Isibonelo, uma uthumele i-port 3389 (esetshenziselwa uhlelo lokufinyelela olude lokufinyelela kude kude ne-Remote) kukhompyutha nekheli le-IP 192.168.1.115, leyo router efanayo ayikwazi futhi ukudlulisela i-port 3389 kuya ku-192.168.1.120.

Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, isixazululo kuphela, uma kunokwenzeka, ukushintsha ichweba uhlelo oluyisebenzisayo, into engase isenzeke ngaphakathi kwezilungiselelo zesofthiwe noma nge- hacker yokubhalisa . Esikhathini sempendulo ye-RDP, uma uhlele i-Windows Registry kwikhompyutha ye-192.168.1.120 ukuphoqa i-Remote Desktop ukuthi isebenzise ichwethi ehlukile njenge-3390, ungasetha i-port entsha ngokuya phambili kuleso port futhi usebenzise ngokuphumelelayo ideskithophu Ekude kumakhompyutha amabili angaphandle inethiwekhi.