Ezingxenyeni zekhompyutha , izinombolo ze-port ziyingxenye yolwazi lokukhuluma olusetshenziselwa ukukhomba abathumeli kanye nabamukeli bemilayezo. Zihlotshaniswa noxhumano lwenethiwekhi ye- TCP / IP futhi zingachazwa njengehlobo lokungeza kwikheli le-IP .
Izinombolo ze-port zivumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene kwikhompyutha efanayo ukwabelana ngezidingo zenethiwekhi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ama- router enethiwekhi yasekhaya kanye nesofthiwe yekhompiyutha basebenza ngalawa machweba futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukusekela ukuhlela izilungiselelo zezinombolo zefoni.
Qaphela: Amaphakheji enethiwekhi asuselwa kwisofthiwe futhi ahlobene namaports angokwenyama amadivaysi enethiwekhi afanele ukufaka amakhodi.
Indlela ama-Port Numbers asebenza ngayo
Izinombolo ze-port zihlobene nokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi . Kwi-network ye-TCP / IP, bobabili i-TCP ne- UDP basebenzisa iqoqo lawo lamanye amazwe asebenza ndawonye namakheli e-IP.
Lezi zinombolo zokudoba zisebenza njengezandiso zocingo. Njengoba nje inkinobho yocingo yebhizinisi ingasebenzisa inamba yocingo esemqoka bese inikezela isisebenzi ngasinye inombolo yesikhuliso (njenge-x100, x101, njll), ngakho-ke ikhompyutha ingaba nekheli elikhulu kanye neqoqo lezinombolo zokudoba ukuphatha ukuxhumana okungenayo nokuphumayo .
Ngendlela efanayo enye inombolo yocingo ingasetshenziswa kubo bonke abasebenzi ngaphakathi kwalowo sakhiwo, ikheli le-IP lingasetshenziswa ukuxhumana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokusebenza emva komzila owodwa; ikheli le-IP likhomba ikhompuyutha yokuphela kanye nenombolo yesiphakamiso ibonisa isicelo esithile sokungena.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyisicelo seposi, uhlelo lokudlulisa ifayela, isiphequluli sewebhu, njll. Uma umsebenzisi ecela iwebhusayithi kusuka kusiphequluli sakho sewebhu, baxoxisana nge-port 80 ye- HTTP , ngakho-ke idatha iyabuyiselwa emuva ngaleyo ndlela port futhi uboniswe ngaphakathi ohlelweni esekela leso port (isiphequluli sewebhu).
Kuzo zombili i-TCP ne-UDP, izinombolo ze-port ziqala ngo-0 futhi zifika ku-65535. Izinombolo ezigabeni ezingezansi zizinikezelwe kuma-protocol ejwayelekile e-intanethi njenge-port 25 ye-SMTP ne-port 21 ye- FTP .
Ukuthola amagugu athile asetshenziswa yizinhlelo ezithile, bheka uhlu lwethu lwezinombolo ezidumile kakhulu ze-TCP ne-UDP Port Numbers . Uma ubhekene nesofthiwe ye-Apple, bheka Amathrekhi we-TCP ne-UDP asetshenziswa yi-Apple Software Products.
Lapho Ungadinga Ukuthatha Isenzo Ngezinombolo Zezinombolo
Izinombolo ze-port zicutshungulwa nge-hardware yenethiwekhi nesofthiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Abasebenzisi abangajwayelekile benethiwekhi abababoni futhi abadingi ukuthatha isenzo esithinta ukusebenza kwabo.
Nokho, abantu bangabhekana nezinombolo ze-port port kwezinye izimo:
- Abalawuli benethiwekhi bangadinga ukusetha ukuthunyelwa kwechweba ukuvumela izinombolo zezintambo zezicelo ezithile ukuthi zidlulise i- firewall . Emanethiwekhi asekhaya, ama-router broadband asekela ukuthunyelwa kwechweba emaskrini abo okuhlela.
- Abahleli benethiwekhi ngezinye izikhathi badinga ukucacisa izinombolo ze-port ekhompyutheni yabo, njengokuhlelwa kwesikhashana.
- I-website ye- URL ngezinye izikhathi idinga inombolo ethize ye-TCP yokufaka ifakiwe. Isibonelo, i- http: // localhost: 8080 / isebenzisa i-TCP port 8080 kunokuba i-port engaphelele 80. Futhi, lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ezindaweni zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kunokusebenzisa okujwayelekile.
Amachweba avuliwe futhi avaliwe
Abathanda abathintekayo benethiwekhi nabo bavame ukuxoxa ngenombolo yeselula esetshenziswe njengesici esibalulekile sokukhubazeka nokuvikelwa. Amaphakheji angahle ahlukaniswe njengamavulekile noma avaliwe, lapho amabhuloho avulekile anesicelo esilandelayo ukulalela izicelo ezintsha zokuxhumeka kanye namaports avaliwe.
Inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuskena kwenethiwekhi yenethiwekhi ithola imiyalezo yokuhlolwa kunomboro ngayinye ye-port ukukhomba ukuthi yimaphi amachweba avulekile. Abaqeqeshi benethiwekhi basebenzisa ukukhishwa kwe-port njengethuluzi lokukala ukuchayeka kwabo kubahlaseli futhi ngokuvamile bavala amanethiwekhi abo ngokuvala amarekhodi angabalulekile. Abaqaphi, basebenzisa ama-scan scan ukuze bahlole amanethiwekhi amachweba avulekile angase asebenziseke.
Umyalo we- netstat ku-Windows ungasetshenziswa ukubona ulwazi mayelana nokuxhumana okusebenzayo kwe-TCP no-UDP.