Imiqondo Yokutholakala Yezinethiwekhi Nezinhlelo

Ekhompyutheni yekhompyutha ne-software, ukutholakala kubhekisela kukho konke "isikhathi sokuphumula" sesistimu (noma izici ezithile zesistimu). Isibonelo, ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu ingase ithathwe "iyatholakala" ukuze isetshenziswe uma isistimu yayo yokusebenza ibhalwa futhi isebenza.

Nakuba kuhlobene nokutholakala, umqondo wokuthembeka kusho okuthile okuhlukile. Ukuthembeka kubhekisela ematheni amaningi okuhluleka okwenzeka ohlelweni olusebenzayo. Isistimu ethembekile ngokuphelele izophinde ijabulele ukutholakala okungu-100%, kodwa uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka, ukutholakala kungathinteka ngezindlela ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi isimo senkinga.

Ukusebenza kungathinta nokutholakala. Esikhathini esisebenzayo, ukuhluleka kungatholakala futhi kulungiswe ngokushesha kunesimiso esingenakulungiswa, okusho ukuthi isikhathi esingaphansi kwesiguli ngasinye ngesilinganiso.

Izinga lokutholakala

Indlela ejwayelekile yokuchaza amazinga noma amakilasi okutholakala ohlelweni lwezintambo zekhompuyutha "i-scale of nines." Isibonelo, isikhathi sokuphumula sama-99% siya eminini emibili yokutholakala, i-99.9% yokuphumula isikhathi sokufika ku-nines ezintathu, njalonjalo. Ithebula eliboniswe kuleli khasi libonisa incazelo yalesi sikali. Iveza izinga ngalinye ngokuvumelana nesilinganiso esiphezulu sesikhathi sokuphumula sonyaka (unyaka) ongakunyanyelwa ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sokuphumula. Iphinde ibhale izibonelo ezimbalwa zohlobo lwezinhlelo ezakhiwe ezivame ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo.

Uma ukhuluma ngamazinga okutholakala, phawula ukuthi isikhathi esiphezulu esithintekayo (amasonto, izinyanga, iminyaka, njll) kufanele kucaciswe ukuze unikeze incazelo enamandla kakhulu. Umkhiqizo ofeza i-99.9% yokuphumula isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyodwa noma ngaphezulu uye wafakazela ngokwezinga elingaphezu kwalowo okutholakala kuye kuphela amasonto ambalwa.

Ukutholakala kwenethiwekhi: Isibonelo

Ukutholakala bekulokhu kuyisici esibalulekile sezinhlelo kodwa kuba yinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kumanethiwekhi. Ngokwemvelo yabo, izinsizakalo zenethiwekhi zivame ukusabalaliswa kumakhompyutha amaningana futhi zingancika emadivaysi ahlukahlukene azayo.

Thatha i- Domain Name System (DNS) , isibonelo - esetshenziswa ku-Inthanethi namanethiwekhi amaningi we- intranet yangasese ukugcina uhlu lamagama wekhompyutha ngokusekelwe kumakheli abo enethiwekhi. I-DNS igcina inani layo lamagama namakheli kuseva ebizwa ngokuthi iseva eyinhloko ye- DNS . Uma kuphela iseva elilodwa le-DNS elungisiwe, ukuphazamiseka kweseva kuthatha wonke amandla e-DNS kuleyo nethiwekhi. I-DNS, Nokho, inikeza ukusekelwa kwamaseva asatshalaliswe. Ngaphandle kweseva eyinhloko, umlawuli angakwazi futhi ukufaka amaseva we-DNS asezingeni eliphezulu nasesifundweni. Manje, ukwehluleka kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindlela ezintathu kungenakwenzeka kakhulu ukudala ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwenkonzo ye-DNS.

Iseva ishaywa eceleni, ezinye izinhlobo zokungena kwenethiwekhi nazo zithinta ukutholakala kwe-DNS. Xhumanisa ukuhluleka, isibonelo, kungaphumelela ukuthatha i-DNS ngokwenza kube nzima ukuthi amaklayenti axoxe ne-DNS iseva. Akuyona into engavamile kulezi zenzakalo kwabanye abantu (kuye ngokuthi indawo yabo engokwenethiwekhi kunethiwekhi) ukulahlekelwa ukufinyelela kwe-DNS kodwa amanye ahlale engathinteki. Ukuhlela amaseva amaningi e-DNS nakho kusiza ukubhekana nokuhluleka okungaqondile okungathinta ukutholakala.

Ukutholakala okubonakalayo nokutholakala okuphezulu

Imiphakathi ayidalwe ilinganayo: Isikhathi sokuhluleka sinendima enkulu ekuboneni kokutholakala kwenethiwekhi. Uhlelo lwebhizinisi olunzima ukuphela kwezimpelasonto, isibonelo, lungabonisa izinombolo zokutholakala eziphansi kakhulu, kodwa lesi sikhathi sokuphuka singase singaboni ngisho nabasebenzi abasebenza njalo.Imboni yokuxhumana isebenzisa igama elithi ukutholakala okuphezulu ukubhekisela kumasistimu nobuchwepheshe obukhethekile ukwethembeka, ukutholakala, nokusebenza. Izindlela ezinjalo zifaka phakathi i-hardware ephindaphindiwe ( isb. , Amadiski nempahla yamandla) kanye nesofthiwe ehlakaniphile ( isb. , Ukulinganisa ukulayisha nokusebenza kwehluleka). Ubunzima ekufezeni ukutholakala okuphezulu kukhulisa kakhulu emazingeni amane namahlanu ama-nines, ngakho abathengisi bangakhokhisa i-premium yezindleko kulezi zici.