Uhlelo lwamafoni endala ( PSTN ) lusetshenziselwa ukujikeleza ukudlulisa idatha yezwi kanti i-VoIP isebenzisa iphakethe-ukushintsha ukwenza kanjalo. Umehluko endleleni lezi zindlela ezimbili zokuguqula umsebenzi yinto eyenza i-VoIP ihluke kakhulu futhi iphumelele.
Ukuze uqonde ukushintsha, kudingeka uqaphele ukuthi inethiwekhi ephakathi kwabantu ababili yokuxhumana iyinkambu eyinkimbinkimbi yamadivaysi nemishini, ikakhulukazi uma inethiwekhi i-intanethi. Cabanga ngomuntu eMauritius enenkulumo yefoni nomunye umuntu ngaphesheya kwezwe, tshela e-US. Kukhona inamba enkulu yama-routers, ama-switches nezinye izinhlobo zamadivayisi athatha idatha edluliselwa ngesikhathi sokuxhumana kusuka komunye umkhawulo kuya komunye.
Ukushintsha nokuhamba
Ukushintsha nokuhlelwa yizinto izinto ezimbili ezihlukene, kodwa ngenxa yokulula, masithathe ukushintshwa nama- routers (okuyinto amadivaysi enza ukushintsha nokuhamba ngokulandelana) njengoba amadivayisi enza umsebenzi owodwa: yenza isixhumanisi ekuxhumaneni futhi uthumele idatha kusuka umthombo uya endaweni.
Imigudu noma ama-Circuits
Into ebalulekile yokubheka ekudluliseni ulwazi phezu kwenethiwekhi enzima kangaka yindlela noma isifunda. Amadivayisi akha indlela abizwa ngokuthi ama-nodes. Isibonelo, ukushintsha, ama-routers, namanye amadivaysi enethiwekhi angama-node.
Ekushintsheni kwesifunda, le ndlela inqunywe ngaphambi kokuqala kokudluliswa kwedatha. Isistimu inquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela okumele ilandelwe, ngokusekelwe ku-algorithm ye-resource-optimization, futhi ukudluliselwa kuya ngokuya endleleni. Ngesikhathi sonke sokuxhumana kwesikhashana phakathi kwemizimba emibili yokuxhumana, umzila unikezelwa futhi ukhululekile futhi ukhishwe kuphela uma iseshini iphela.
Amaphakethe
Ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda ukupakisha iphakethe, udinga ukwazi ukuthi iphakethe lini. I- Protocol Protocol (i-IP) , njengamanye ama- protocol amaningi, iphula idatha ibe yizinhlayiya futhi ihlanganise izingxenye zibe yizinhlaka ezibizwa ngamaphakethe. Iphakheji ngalinye liqukethe, kanye nokulayisha kwedatha, ulwazi mayelana nekheli le-IP lomthombo nezindawo zokufika, izinombolo zokulandelana, kanye nolunye ulwazi lokulawula. Iphakethe lingabuye libizwa ngokuthi ingxenye noma idatha.
Lapho befika lapho beya khona, amaphakethe ahlanganiswa ukuze enze idatha yangempela futhi. Ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi ukudlulisa idatha emapakethe, kufanele kube idatha yedijithali.
Ekupakeni kwepakethe, amaphakethe athunyelwa endaweni eya khona kungakhathaliseki. Ipakethe ngalinye kufanele lithole indlela yalo eya endaweni. Ayikho indlela esinqunyiwe ngaphambili; isinqumo sokuthi iyiphi i-node yokudonsa ukuya kwisinyathelo esilandelayo ithathwa kuphela lapho kufika i-node. Ipakethe ngayinye ithola indlela yayo isebenzisa ulwazi olulithwalayo, njengamakheli e-IP kanye nendawo yokuya kuyo.
Njengoba kufanele uke wazicabangela kakade, uhlelo lwendabuko lwe- PSTN lusebenzisa ukushintsha kwesifunda ngenkathi i-VoIP isebenzisa ukushintshwa kwepakethe .
Ukuqhathanisa okufushane
- Ukushintsha kwesifunda kudala futhi kuyabiza, futhi yilokho okusetshenzwa i-PSTN. Ukushintshwa kwepakethe kunamanje.
- Uma wenza ucingo lwe-PSTN, empeleni uqasha imigqa, ngakho konke kusho. Bona ukuthi kungani izingcingo zomhlaba wonke ziyabiza? Ngakho uma ukhuluma, tshela imizuzu engu-10, ukhokha imizuzu eyishumi yomugqa ozinikezele. Uvame ukukhuluma kuphela uma umlobi wakho engathuli, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ukucabangela isikhathi esingakanani akekho okhulumayo, ekugcineni usebenzise okungaphansi kwesigamu salokho okukhokhayo. Nge-VoIP, empeleni ungasebenzisa inethiwekhi noma isifunda ngisho noma kukhona abanye abantu abasebenzisa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Akukho ukunikezelwa kwesifunda. Izindleko zabiwe.
- Ukushintsha komjikelezo kunokwethenjelwa kunokwedlula iphakethe. Uma unesijikelezo esinikezelwe iseshini, uqinisekile ukuthola yonke imininingwane yonkana. Uma usebenzisa isifunda evulekile kwezinye izinsizakalo, khona-ke kukhona khona ukukhululeka okukhulu, ngakho-ke ukubambezeleka noma ngisho nokulahleka kwepakethe. Lokhu kuchaza izinga eliphansi kakhulu lezwi leVoIP eliqhathaniswa ne-PSTN. Kodwa empeleni unamanye ama-protocols enikeza isandla ekusizeni amasu wepakethe-ukushintsha ukwenza uxhumano lunokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Isibonelo yi-protocol ye- TCP . Njengoba izwi liye labekezelela ukulahlekelwa kwepakethe (ngaphandle uma umbhalo - kusukela e-comma elahlekile kungasho umehluko omkhulu), ukushintshwa kwepakethe ekugcineni kulungile ngeVoIP.