Incazelo ye-PSTN - Inethiwekhi yocingo yomphakathi eshintshiwe
I-PSTN yigama elifingqiwe elisetshenziselwa uhlelo lwezingcingo zomhlaba. Elinye igama elisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa yi-POTS, elibhekisela ku-Plain Old Telephone System, indlela engeyona ye-geek yokubiza umhlaba osukhulile futhi obala futhi obala uma kuqhathaniswa nabathengi abasha emakethe.
Le nethiwekhi yadalwa ngokuyinhloko ekukhulumisaneni ngezwi le-analog ngezinkambo ezihlanganisa amazwe namazwekazi. Kuyinto ngcono phezu ohlelweni lwezingcingo eziyisisekelo etholakala ngu-Alexander Graham Bell. Yiletha ohlelweni olungcono ukuphathwa futhi lwayibeka ezingeni lokuba yimboni, futhi inzuzo kakhulu futhi inguquko kulokho.
I-PSTN kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana
I-PSTN manje ivame ukuboniswa futhi ikhonjiswe kuyo, ikakhulukazi emithonjeni yezindaba, ngokuphambene namanye amathekisthi okuxhumana asanda kuvela. I-telephony yocingo ivele njengenye indlela yokuqala e-PSTN uma kuziwa ekukhulumisaneni ngezwi. Ukuxhumana kwamaseli (2G) kuvumela abantu ukuthi baxoxe ngenkathi i-PSTN ivumela abantu ukuba benze futhi bathole izingcingo kuphela lapho kufinyelela khona izintambo, ezisekhaya noma ehhovisi.
Noma kunjalo, i-PSTN isakwazi ukugcina indawo yayo ngocingo lwanamuhla njengoba ihlale ingumholi ongekho emthethweni ekhwalithi yekholi, nge- Score Opinion Score (MOS) ka-4 kuya ku-5, engu-5 njengenani eliphansi. Ibuye igcine indawo yayo ekhaya nasebhizinisi ngezizathu eziningana. Kuze kube yilapho esedlule, abantu abaningi (kubandakanya abantu abangewona amadijithali noma abafaki bezedijithali) babengakaze bathathe i-telephony yeselula futhi ngaleyo ndlela bangafinyelelwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa inombolo yabo yocingo ehamba phambili. Futhi, i-PSTN yinkampani enkulu yokuxhumanisa kwe-intanethi ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuxhumana ezifana neVoIP namanye ama- OTT ubuchwepheshe ngokuvamile kudingeke ukuthi umzila we-PSTN ube khona ukuxhumeka kwe-intanethi, ngokusebenzisa umzila we-ADSL njengesibonelo.
Ukukhuluma nge-VoIP, okuyiyona nhloko yileli sayithi, kube ngumncintiswano onzima kakhulu ku-PSTN opharetha kunanoma yimuphi omunye ubuchwepheshe ngokuvumela abantu ukuba bakhulume endaweni yakini nasemhlabeni jikelele mahhala noma eshibhile. Cabanga nge-Skype, i-WhatsApp kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinsiza nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-VoIP, ezivinjelwe nakwamanye amazwe njengendlela yokuvikela ama-telcos asekhaya futhi avame ukutholakala nohulumeni.
Indlela i-PSTN isebenza ngayo
Ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-telephony, ukusungula i-voice communication line phakathi kwamaqembu amabili adingeka ukuhlanganisa izintambo phakathi kwabo. Lokhu kusho izindleko eziphakeme kwamabanga amade. I-PSTN yafika ekulinganiseni izindleko naphezu kwebanga. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, liqukethe ukushintshwa kwamaphoyinti aphakathi kwamanethiwekhi. Lezi zitshintshi zenza njengezigcawu zokuxhumana phakathi kwanoma yiliphi iphuzu nanoma yikuphi kunethiwekhi. Ngale ndlela, umuntu oyedwa angakhuluma nomunye ngaphesheya kwenethiwekhi yezwe lonke, ngokuphela kwesifunda esinezinombolo zokushintsha phakathi kwabo.
Lesi sifunda sinikezelwa kumaqembu amabili ahambisana nawo wonke ubude bekholi, ngakho-ke izinga elikhokha ngomzuzu ngamunye wocingo. Lolu hlobo lokushintsha lubizwa ngokuthi ukujikeleza. Amanethiwekhi we-IP afana ne-Inthanethi aletha ukujikeleza kwepakethe, eyasebenzisa inethiwekhi efanayo efanayo kodwa ngaphandle kokugcina noma iyiphi ingxenye yomugqa. Imilayezo yezwi (nedatha) yahlukaniswa ngamaphakheji amancane abizwa ngamaphakethe asakazwa ngokushintshwa okuzimele komunye nomunye futhi aphinde ahlanganiswe ngakolunye uhlangothi. Lokhu kwenza ukukhulumisana ngezwi mahhala ku-intanethi nge-VoIP.