I-LAN evamile (Inethiwekhi Yendawo Yendawo) iyinhlangano engaphansi kwezinto ezinengqondo ezingakwazi ukuqoqa ndawonye iqoqo lamadivayisi avela kuma- LAN ahlukene ngokomzimba. Amanethiwekhi wamakhompiyutha amakhulu kakhulu ajwayele ukusetha i-VLAN ukuhlukanisa kabusha inethiwekhi yabo yokuphathwa kwe-traffic ngcono.
Izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zokuxhumana eziphathekayo zisekela ama-LAN angamaqiniso afaka kokubili i- Ethernet ne- Wi-Fi .
Izinzuzo ze-VLAN
Uma usethe ngokufanele, ama-LAN ajwayelekile angathuthukisa ukusebenza jikelele kwamanethiwekhi omatasa. I-VLAN ihloselwe ukuqoqa ndawonye amadivaysi eklayenti axhumane njalo njalo. Umgwaqo phakathi kwamadivaysi ohlukaniswa kumanethiwekhi amabili noma ngaphezulu ngokomzimba ngokuvamile kudingeka adluliswe yizinkampani zangaphakathi zenethiwekhi, kodwa nge-VLAN ukuthi ithrafikhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ngokushintshwa kwenethiwekhi esikhundleni.
Ama-VLAN nawo aletha izinzuzo ezengeziwe zokuphepha kumanethiwekhi amakhulu ngokuvumela ukulawula okungaphezulu ukuthi yimaphi amadivayisi anokufinyelela kwendawo komunye nomunye. Amanethiwekhi wesimenywa se-Wi-Fi avame ukusetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa amaphuzu okufinyelela angenantambo asekela i-VLAN.
Ama-VLAN asemandla ne-Dynamic
Abalawuli benethiwekhi bavame ukubhekisela kuma-VLAN ase-Static njenge "VLAN esekelwe emachwebeni." I-VLAN esiteshini idinga umlawuli ukuthi abelane ngamapayipi athile ekushintsheni kwenethiwekhi kwinethiwekhi ebonakalayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi idivaysi kanye naleyo port, iba ilungu leyo inethiwekhi efanayo yangaphambili eyabelwe.
Ukulungiswa kwe-VLAN ye-Dynamic kuvumela umlawuli ukuthi achaze ubulungu bezinethiwekhi ngokuvumelana nezici zamadivayisi ngokwawo kunokuba indawo yabo yokushintsha indawo. Isibonelo, i-VLAN enamandla ingachazwa ngohlu lwamakheli angokwenyama (amakheli we- MAC ) noma amagama we-akhawunti yenethiwekhi.
I-VLAN Yokumaka kanye ne-Standard VLAN
Ama-VLAN amanethiwekhi e-Ethernet alandela izinga lemboni ye-IEEE 802.1Q. Ithegi ye-802.1Q inezinkinobho ezingu-32 (4 bytes ) yedatha efakwe ku-header Ethernet frame. Ama-bits angu-16 okuqala alo mkhakha aqukethe inombolo engacacisiwe ye-0x8100 eyabangela amadivayisi e-Ethernet ukuthi aqaphele ifreyimu njengengo-802.1Q VLAN. Ama-bits angu-12 okugcina ale nsimu aqukethe inombolo ye-VLAN, inombolo ephakathi kuka-1 no-4094.
Imikhuba emihle yokuphatha i-VLAN ichaza izinhlobo eziningana ezijwayelekile zamanethiwekhi asebenzayo:
- I-LAN yomdabu: Amadivaysi e-VLAN e-Ethernet aphatha wonke amafrimu angaxhunyiwe njengamalungu e-LAN yasekhaya ngokuzenzakalelayo. I-LAN yomdabu i-VLAN 1, nakuba abaphathi bangashintsha le nombolo ezenzakalelayo.
- Ukuphathwa kwe-VLAN: Kusetshenziselwa ukusekela ukuxhumana okukude kusuka kubaphathi benethiwekhi. Amanye amanethiwekhi asebenzisa i-VLAN 1 njengabaphathi be-VLAN ngenkathi abanye beka inombolo ekhethekile ngenhloso yalokhu (ukugwema ukuphikisana nomunye umgwaqo wenethiwekhi)
Ukusetha i-VLAN
Ezingeni eliphezulu, abaphathi benethiwekhi bahlela ama-VLAN amasha kanje:
- Khetha inombolo eVLAN evumelekile
- Khetha ububanzi bekheli le-IP yangasese kumadivayisi kuleyo VLAN ongayisebenzisa
- Lungiselela idivayisi yokushintsha ngezilungiselelo ezithile noma eziguquguqukayo. Ukulungiselelwa okuqinile kudinga umlawuli ukuthi abele inombolo ye-VLAN kubhulogi ngalinye lokushintshashintsha ngenkathi ukulungiswa okunamandla kudinga ukunikeza uhlu lwamakheli we-MAC noma amagama womsebenzisi ku-VLAN inombolo.
- Lungiselela umzila phakathi kwama-VLAN njengoba kudingeka. Ukuhlela i-VLAN emibili noma ngaphezulu ukuxhumana nomunye idinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-VLAN-router noma i- Layer 3 switch .
Amathuluzi okuphatha kanye nezixhumanisi ezisetshenziswayo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imishini ehilelekile.