Naphezu kwentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe obungenazintambo, amanethiwekhi amanethiwekhi amaningi ekhompyutheni ekhulwini lama-21 namanje athembele ezintanjeni njengezimo ezibonakalayo ukuze amadivayisi adlulise idatha. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezijwayelekile zezintambo zenethiwekhi , ngayinye eyenzelwe izinjongo ezithile.
Amakhodi weCoaxial
Ezingenwe ngawo-1880, "coax" yayiyaziwa kahle ngokuthi uhlobo lwekhebula elixhuma amathelevishini e-antenna ekhaya. Ikhebula le-coaxial liyisilinganiso sezingcingo ezingu-10 ze-Ethernet ze-Mbunda . Lapho i-Ethernet engu-10 Mbps ithandwa kakhulu, phakathi nawo-1980 kanye nasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, amanethiwekhi asetshenziselwa enye yezinhlobo ezimbili zekhebula le-coax - thinnet (standard 10BASE2) noma thicknet (10BASE5). Lezi zingcingo zihlanganisa ucingo lwethusi lwangaphakathi lobunzima obuhlukahlukene obuzungezwe ukugxila kanye nokunye ukuvikela. Ukuqina kwabo kubangela ubunzima bokulawula inethiwekhi ekufakeni nasekugcineni i-thinnet ne-thicknet.
Amakhodi we-Pair ashintshiwe
Iqembu eliphikisanayo lagcina lavela phakathi neminyaka yama-1990 njengezinga elihamba phambili lokubamba ikhamera ye- Ethernet , eqala nge-10 Mbps ( 10BASE-T , eyaziwa nangokuthi Isigaba 3 noma i- Cat3 ), kamuva ilandelwa izinguqulo ezithuthukisiwe ze-100 Mbps (100BASE-TX, Cat5 , neCat5e ) futhi uhamba ngesivinini esisheshayo kufika ku-10 Gbps (10GBASE-T). Izintambo ezimbili zombili ze-Ethernet zinezinsimbi ezingu-8 (8) eziboshwe ndawonye ngamabili ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazanyiswa kwamandla kagesi.
Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamazinga womkhakha wekhebula wezintambo eziphikisiwe ziye zachazwa: I- Pair ephikisiwe (UTP) engasetshenziswanga ne-Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) . Izinkambo zanamuhla ze-Ethernet zisebenzisa i-wiring ye-UTP ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi, kuyilapho isitokisi se-STP singatholakala kwezinye izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi ezifana ne- Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) .
Ama-Fiber Optics
Esikhundleni sezinsimbi zensimbi ezifakiwe ezithumela izimpawu zikagesi, izintambo zenethiwekhi ze-fiber optic zisebenzisa ama-glass of glass kanye nezimpande zokukhanya. Lezi zingcingo zenethiwekhi zikhohliswa naphezu kokuba zenziwe ngilazi. Ziye zafakazela ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kwenethiwekhi enkulu (WAN) lapho kufakwa khona ibanga elide eliphansi komhlaba noma ikhebula langaphandle lezingxenyekazi zehhovisi lapho umthamo omkhulu wokuxhumana wezithuthi uvamile.
Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamazinga embonini yekhebula le-fiber optic ichazwa - i- single-mode (100BaseBX standard) kanye ne- multimode (i-100BaseSX standard). Amanethiwekhi okuxhumana ocishe abe kude kakhulu asebenzisa imodi eyodwa-yekhono lomthamo we- bandwidth ephakeme kakhulu , kanti amanethiwekhi wendawo ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-multimode esikhundleni ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi.
Amakhodi e-USB
Izinkambo eziningi ze- Universal Serial Bus (USB) zixhuma ikhompyutha ngedivaysi yensiza (ikhibhodi noma igundane) kunokuba kwenye ikhompyutha. Noma kunjalo, i- adapters yenethiwekhi ekhethekile (ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i- dongles ) iphinde ivumele ukuxhumeka ikhebula le-Ethernet kwi- USB ngokungena ngqo. Amakhodi we-USB ahlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kokubambisana okubili.
Cables and Cables Parallel
Ngoba ama-PC amaningi kuma-1980s nakwama-1990 ayenakho amandla e-Ethernet, futhi i-USB ayingakhulwanga okwamanje, izixhumi ze-serial ne-parallel (manje ezingasebenzi kumakhompyutha wamanje) ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziselwa inethiwekhi ye-PC-to-PC. Izikhombisi ezibizwa ngokuthi yi- null model , isibonelo, zixhume amathrekhi we- serial wama-PC amabili okwenza ukudluliswa kwedatha kuhambisane phakathi kuka-0.115 no-0.45 Mbps.
Crossover Cables
Izintambo ze-modem ezingavamile ziyisibonelo esisodwa sesigaba sezintambo ze-crossover . Ikhebula le-crossover lihlanganisa amadivaysi amabili enethiwekhi wohlobo olufanayo, njenge-PC ezimbili noma izinkinobho ezimbili zenethiwekhi .
Ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo ze-Ethernet crossover kwakuvame kakhulu kumanethiwekhi asebekhulile eminyakeni edlule lapho uxhuma ama-PC amabili ngokuqondile. Ngaphandle, izintambo ze-Ethernet crossover zibonakala zifana nezijwayelekile (ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa nangokuthi iqonde ngqo ), umehluko obonakalayo kuphela okuyi-oda lezingcingo ezibhalwe umbala ezivela engxenyeni yokuphela kwekhebula. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa amamaki akhethekile ahlukanisa izintambo zabo ze-crossover ngalesi sizathu. Kodwa-ke, namuhla, amanethiwekhi amaningi asekhaya asebenzisa ama-routers ayenamandla okuzakhela ngaphakathi, aqede isidingo salezi zingcingo ezikhethekile.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezintambo zenethiwekhi
Abanye ochwepheshe be-networking basebenzisa ikhebula le-patch igama ukubhekisela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwekhebula lenethiwekhi eqondile elisetshenziswa ngenjongo yesikhashana. I-Coax, i-pair eyontekile neyezinhlobo ze-fiber optic zezintambo ze-patch zonke zikhona. Babelana ngezici ezifanayo zomzimba njengamanye amakhodi enethiwekhi ngaphandle kokuthi izintambo ze-patch zivame ukuba ubude obufushane.
Amasistimu wenethiwekhi ye-Powerline isebenzisa i-wiring ejwayelekile kagesi yezokuxhumana yokuxhumana kwedatha usebenzisa ama-adapter akhethekile angena emasitolo odonga.