Incazelo ye-WAN kanye nesichazo ngendlela ama-WANs asebenza ngayo
Inethiwekhi ye-WAN (inethiwekhi yendawo enkulu) inethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ekhombisa indawo enkulu njengamanye amadolobha, athi, noma amazwe. Zingaba ziyimfihlo ukuxhuma izingxenye zebhizinisi noma zingaba ngaphezulu zomphakathi ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi amancane ndawonye.
Indlela elula yokuqonda ukuthi i-WAN ingacabangani nge-intanethi njengamanye, yi-WAN enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-intanethi i-WAN ngoba, ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwe- ISPs , ixhuma amanethiwekhi amancane wendawo wendawo (ama-LANs) noma amanethiwekhi omhlaba wedolobha (MANs).
Ngezinga elincane, ibhizinisi lingase libe ne-WAN enamasevisi wefu, indlunkulu yayo, namahhovisi amancane amagatsha. I-WAN, kulokhu, izosetshenziselwa ukuxhuma zonke lezo zigaba zebhizinisi ndawonye.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-WAN ihlangene ndawonye noma ikude kangakanani namanethiwekhi, umphumela wokugcina uhloselwe ukuvumela amanethiwekhi amancane ahlukene ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ukuxhumana nabanye.
Qaphela: Ngezinye izikhathi i-WAN isichazamazwi isetshenziselwa ukuchaza inethiwekhi yendawo engenantambo, nakuba ivame ukufushaniswa njenge- WLAN .
Indlela ama-WANs axhumeke ngayo
Njengoba i-WANs, ngencazelo, ihlanganisa ibanga elide kuneLANs, kunengqondo ukuxhuma izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ze-WAN usebenzisa inethiwekhi yangasese yangasese (VPN) . Lokhu kunikeza ukuxhumana okuvikelwe phakathi kwezindawo, okudingekayo kunikezwe ukuthi ukudluliswa kwedatha okwenzekayo phezu kwe-intanethi.
Nakuba i-VPNs inikeza amazinga afanelekayo okuphepha ekusetshenzisweni kwebhizinisi, ukuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi yomphakathi akuhlinzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi amazinga okusebenza okubikezelayo ukuthi isixhumanisi esizinikeziwe se-WAN singakwazi. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi izintambo ze-fiber optic zisetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuxhumana phakathi kwezixhumanisi ze-WAN.
I-X.25, i-Frame Relay, ne-MPLS
Kusukela ngawo-1970, ama-WAN amaningi awakhiwe esebenzisa izinga elibuchwepheshe elibizwa nge- X.25 . Lezi zinhlobo zamanethiwekhi zisekela imishini yokutshela okuzenzakalelayo, izinhlelo zokuthengiswa kwekhadi lesikweletu, kanye nezinsizakalo zokuqala ze-intanethi ezifana ne-CompuServe. Ama-X.25 amanethiwekhi asebekhulile asebenzisa ukuxhumeka kwe-modem ye-56 Kbps.
Ubuchwepheshe bokubuyiswa kobuciko budalwa ukuze kube lula izikhombandlela ze-X.25 futhi unikeze isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu kumanethiwekhi omhlaba amaningi okudingeka asebenze ngesivinini esiphezulu. Ukubuyiswa kohlaka kwaba yinto ethandwayo yenkampani yezokuxhumana e-United States phakathi nawo-1990, ikakhulukazi i-AT & T.
I-Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) yakhiwe ukuze isuse i-Frame Relay ngokuthuthukisa ukwesekwa kweprotocol yokusingatha ithrekhi yezwi nevidiyo ngaphezu kokuhamba kwedatha evamile. Izici ze- Quality of Service (QoS) ze-MPLS ziyisihluthulelo sempumelelo yayo. Okuthiwa "amasevisi enethiwekhi kathathu" okwakhiwa kwi-MPLS yanda ekuthandweni phakathi kwama-2000s futhi ekugcineni kufakwe esikhundleni se-Frame Relay.
Iqashiswe iLines ne-Metro Ethernet
Amabhizinisi amaningi aqala ukusebenzisa i-WANs eqashisiwe emkhatsini we-1990s njengoba iwebhu ne-intanethi ziqhuma ekuthandeni. Imigqa ye-T1 ne-T3 ivame ukusetshenziswa ukusekela i-MPLS noma i-intanethi ye-VPN.
Amakhilomitha amade, amaphuzu e-point-to-point Ethernet angasetshenziselwa ukwakha amanethiwekhi omhlaba azinikezele. Nakuba kubiza kakhulu kunezixazululo ze-VPNs noma i-MPLS ye-intanethi, ama-WAN angasese e-Ethernet anikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu, ngezixhumanisi ngokuvamile zilinganiselwe ku-1 Gbps uma kuqhathaniswa nama-45 Mbps we-T1 yendabuko.
Uma i-WAN ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zokuxhumana ezifana nokuthi isebenzisa izifunda ze-MPLS kanye nemigqa ye-T3, ingabhekwa njenge- hybrid WAN . Lokhu kuyasiza uma inhlangano ifuna ukuhlinzeka ngendlela ebiza imali ukuxhuma amagatsha awo ndawonye kodwa futhi inendlela esheshayo yokudlulisa idatha ebalulekile uma kudingeka.
Izinkinga Ngama-Network Wide Networks
Amanethiwekhi e-WAN ayabiza kakhulu kunezintandane zasekhaya noma ezinkampani.
Ama-WAN awela imingcele yomhlaba wonke neminye imingcele iwela ngaphansi kwamandla asemthethweni ahlukene. Izingxabano zingabuka phakathi kohulumeni phezu kwamalungelo wobunikazi kanye nemikhawulo yokusetshenziswa kwenethiwekhi.
I-WAN yomhlaba wonke idinga ukusebenzisa izintambo zenethiwekhi ye-undersea ukuxhumana kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Amakhodi angaphansi kwe-Undersea ahambisana nokuhlushwa kanye nokuphumula okungahlosiwe kusuka emikhumbi nasezimo zezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo zokugcina komhlaba ezingaphansi komhlaba, izintambo ze-undersea zivame ukuthatha isikhathi eside futhi zibiza okuningi ukulungisa.