Abantu ngezinye izikhathi babhekisela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezingenazintambo njenge "Wi-Fi" ngisho nalapho inethiwekhi isebenzisa uhlobo olungenakuqhathaniswa lobuchwepheshe obungenazintambo. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kungcono ukuthi wonke amadivaysi angenawaya wezwe kufanele asebenzise inqubo eyodwa yenethiwekhi evamile efana ne-Wi-Fi, amanethiwekhi anamanethiwekhi asekela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezivumelwano ezihlukile. Isizathu: Akekho okulandelwayo okukhona okuhlinzeka ngesisombululo esihle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa ezingenazintambo abantu abazifunayo. Ezinye zithuthukisiwe kangcono ukugcina ibhethri kumadivayisi eselula, kanti abanye banikela ngesivinini esiphezulu noma uxhumano olunokwethenjelwa nolunye olude.
Izinsiza ezingezansi ezingenantambo zenethiwekhi ziye zafakazela ikakhulukazi kumadivaysi abathengi kanye / noma ezindaweni zebhizinisi.
I-LTE
Ngaphambi kokuthi ama-smartphones amasha athathe inethiwekhi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-fourth-generation ("4G") engenazintambo ezingenantambo, amafoni asebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuxhumana ezindala zokuxhumana zamaselula ezinamagama afana ne- HSDPA , GPRS , ne- EV-DO . Abathwali befoni kanye nomkhakha baye batsha imali eningi ukuze kuthuthukiswe imibhoshongo yeselula kanye neminye imishini yenethiwekhi ukusekela i-4G, ukulinganisa kwinqubo yokuxhumana ebizwa ngokuthi i- Long Term Evolution (LTE) eyavela njengesevisi ethandwayo kusukela ngo-2010.
I-teknoloji ye-LTE yenzelwe ukuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lamanani aphansi nezinkinga zokuzulazula ngezinhlelo zokudala zefoni. Le protocol ingathwala idatha engaphezu kuka-100 Mbps, nakuba i- bandwidth yenethiwekhi ivame ukulawulwa kumazinga angaphansi kuka-10 Mbps kubasebenzisi ngabanye. Ngenxa yezindleko ezibalulekile zemishini, kanye nezinselele zokulawula zikahulumeni, izingcingo zefoni azikaze zisebenzise i-LTE ezindaweni eziningi. I-LTE ayifanelekile nekhaya nakwezinye izinethiwekhi zendawo , eyenzelwe ukusekela inombolo enkulu yamakhasimende kunoma iyiphi ibanga elide kakhulu (kanye nezindleko eziphakeme ezihambisanayo). Okuningi "
I-Wi-Fi
I-Wi-Fi ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nezinethiwekhi ezingenazintambo njengoba sekuyizinga elilinganiselwe lamanethiwekhi asekhaya namanethiwekhi omphakathi we- hotspot . I-Wi-Fi yathandwa kakhulu kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990 njengoba i-hardware yokuxhumana edingekayo ukuze i-PC, amaphrinta kanye namanye amadivaysi abathengi abe namandla kakhulu futhi izindinganiso zedatha ezisekelwayo zithuthukisiwe kumazinga amukelekile (kusuka ku-11 Mbps kuya ku-54 Mbps nangaphezulu).
Ngisho noma i-Wi-Fi ingenziwa ukugijima emadolobheni amade kakhulu ezindaweni ezilawulwa ngokucophelela, le protocol cishe inomkhawulo ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zokuhlala ezilodwa noma ezentengiselwano nasezindaweni zangaphandle ngaphakathi kwamakhilomitha amafushane okuhamba. Isivinini se-Wi-Fi siphansi kunamanye ama-protocol e-wireless. Amadivayisi eselula axhasa ngokubili i-Wi-Fi ne-LTE (kanye namanye ama-protocol asekudala) ukunikeza abasebenzisi ukuguquguquka okungcono ezinhlotsheni zamanethiwekhi angasebenzisa.
Izivumelwano zokuvikela ukuvikeleka kwe-Wi-Fi zifaka izintambo zokufakazela ukuqinisekiswa kwenethiwekhi kanye nedatha yokufinyelela kumanethiwekhi we-Wi-Fi. Ngokuqondile, i- WPA2 inconywa ukuthi isebenzise kumanethiwekhi asekhaya ukuvimbela amaqembu angagunyaziwe ukungena kwinethiwekhi noma ukuvimbela idatha yomuntu siqu ethunyelwe emoyeni.
I-Bluetooth
Enye yezintambo ezindala kakhulu ezingenazintambo zitholakala ngokubanzi, i- Bluetooth yadalwa ema-1990 ukuvumelanisa idatha phakathi kwamafoni namanye amadivayisi anikwe amandla ebhetri. I-Bluetooth idinga inani elingaphansi lamandla ukusebenza kune-Wi-Fi nakweminye iminye imikhiqizo engenazintambo. Ngokubambisana, ukuxhumeka kwe-Bluetooth kusebenza kuphela ngaphezu kwamamitha amancane, ngokuvamile okuba ngamamitha angu-10 noma ngaphansi futhi kusekela amazinga e-data aphansi, ngokuvamile ama-1-2 Mbps. I-Wi-Fi ithathe indawo ye-Bluetooth kwenye imishini emisha, kepha amafoni amaningi namhlanje asekela zonke lezi zinhlelo. Okuningi "
Amaprosesa angu-60 GHz - I-WirelessHD ne-WiGig
Omunye wemisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu kumanethiwekhi ekhompyutheni usakaza idatha yedatha, futhi izintambo eziningi ezingenantambo ezingena kuma-60 Gigahertz (GHz) zakhiwe ukwesekwa okungcono lokhu kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezidinga inani elikhulu le-bandwidth yenethiwekhi. Izindinganiso ezimbili ezihlukene zemboni ezibizwa ngokuthi i- WirelessHD ne- WiGig zenziwe kuma-2000s kokubili zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-60 GHz ukusekela ukuxhumeka okungaxhunyiwe kwe-wireless: WiGig inikeza phakathi kuka-1 no-7 Gbps we-bandwidth ngenkathi i-WirelessHD isekela phakathi kuka-10 no-28 Gbps.
Nakuba ukusakazwa kwevidiyo okuyisisekelo kungenziwa ngamanethiwekhi we-Wi-Fi, izinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-high-definition video ukusakaza kudinga izinga eliphezulu idatha lezi protocol zinikeza. Ama-frequencies aphezulu kakhulu we-WirelessHD ne-WiGig uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Wi-Fi (60 GHz kuya ku-2.4 noma ku-5 GHz) kakhulu unciphisa ibanga lokuxhuma, elifushane kakhulu kune-Bluetooth, futhi ngokuvamile liya ekamelweni elilodwa (njengoba amasignali angu-60 GHz angangeni ezindongeni ngempumelelo ). Okuningi "
Izintambo ze-Home Automation Automation - Z-Wave neZigbee
Kunezinhlelo eziningi zenethiwekhi eziye zadalwa ukuze zisekele izinhlelo zokuzenzekelayo zasendaweni ezivumela ukulawula okukude kwezibani, imishini yasendlini, kanye namagajethi abathengi. Izintambo ezimbili ezivelele ezingenazintambo ze- automation ekhaya zingu- Z-Wave noZigbee . Ukuze kutholakale amandla aphansi kakhulu okudingekayo ezindaweni ezizenzekelayo, lezi zinhlelo kanye nokusekela kwe-hardware ehambisanayo kuphela amanani wedatha aphansi - 0.25 Mbps ku-Zigbee futhi kuphela ngo-0.01 Mbps we-Z-Wave. Ngenkathi lezo zedatha zedatha ngokusobala zingakulungele ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi jikelele, lobuchwepheshe busebenza kahle njengama-interfaces kumagajethi omthengi anezidingo zokuxhumana ezilula nezilinganiselwe. Okuningi "