Incazelo emfushane yezinhlelo zenethiwekhi yekhompyutha
Iprotocol yenethiwekhi ichaza imithetho nemigomo yokuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi wenethiwekhi. Izivumelwano zenethiwekhi zifaka izindlela zokusebenzisa amadivaysi ukuze abone futhi enze ukuxhumeka komunye nomunye, kanye nokufometha imithetho ecacisa ukuthi idatha ifakwe kanjani kumilayezo ethunyelwe futhi itholwe. Amanye ama-protocols asekela ukuvuma komlayezo nokucindezelwa kwedatha okwenzelwe ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okuthembekile kanye / noma okuphezulu.
Izivumelwano zanamuhla zokuxhumana ngekhompyutha zivame ukusebenzisa amasu wokushintsha amaphakethe ukuthumela nokuthola imiyalezo ngendlela yamaphakethe - imiyalezo ehlukaniswe ngezicucu eziqoqiwe futhi zihlanganiswe lapho ziya khona.Izikhulu zezinhlelo ezahlukene zenethiwekhi yekhompyutha zakhiwe ngayinye eyenziwe ngokuqondile izinhloso kanye nemvelo.
Amaprosesa ase-Inthanethi
Umndeni we-Internet Protocol uqukethe iqoqo elihlobene (futhi phakathi kwezinqubo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kunethiwekhi. Ngaphandle kwe-Inthanethi Protocol (i-IP) ngokwayo, izivumelwano ezisezingeni eliphakeme njenge- TCP , UDP , HTTP , ne- FTP bonke bahlanganisa ne-IP ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono engeziwe. , ama-protocol e-intanethi ephansi e-intanethi afana ne- ARP ne- ICMP nawo asebenza nge-IP. Ngokuvamile, izivumelwano zezinga eliphakeme emndenini we-IP zihambisana eduze kakhulu nezicelo ezinjengeziphequluli zeWebhu ngenkathi izivumelwano ezisezingeni eliphansi zisebenzisana ne- adapters yenethiwekhi nezinye izinto zekhompyutha.
Izintambo zeNethiwekhi ezingenantambo
Ngenxa ye-Wi-Fi , i- Bluetooth ne- LTE , amanethiwekhi angenantambo aseyindawo evamile. Izivumelwano zenethiwekhi ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi angenantambo kumele zisekele ukuzulazula amadivaysi eselula futhi zibhekane nezinkinga ezifana namazinga okuhlukahluka kwedatha nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi.
Okuningi: Umhlahlandlela Wezintambo Zenethiwekhi Engenantambo .
Izintambo zokuThuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi
Amaprosesa wokuhambisa ama-protocols akhethekile ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa yi- routers yenethiwekhi kwi-Intanethi. I-protocol protocol ingakwazi ukukhomba amanye ama-routers, ukuphatha izindlela (ezibizwa ngokuthi imizila ) phakathi kwemithombo kanye nezindawo zemilayezo yenethiwekhi, futhi wenze izinqumo ezinamandla zokuhlela. Izivumelwano ezijwayelekile zokuhamba zihlanganisa i-EIGRP, i-OSPF ne-BGP.
Okuningi: Izintandokazi zokuThuthukiswa koNethiwekhi ezi-5 ezichazwe .
Ama-protocols aseNethiwekhi asetshenziswa kanjani
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zanamuhla zinezinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe ezakhelwe ukuthi zisebenzise ukusekela kwezinye izivumelwano zenethiwekhi . Izicelo ezifana neziphequluli zeWebhu zinezintatheli zesofthiwe ezisekela iziphakamiso zezinga eliphakeme ezidingekayo ukuze lolu hlelo lokusebenza lusebenze. Kwamanye amazinga wezinga eliphansi le- TCP / IP ne-routing, ukusekelwa kuqaliswa ngokuqondile kwi-hardware (i-silicon chipsets) yokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe.
Iphakeji ngalinye elidluliselwe futhi elitholiwe phezu kwenethiwekhi liqukethe idatha ebinambambili (i-ones kanye ne-zero ezifaka okuqukethwe komlayezo ngamunye). Ama-protocols amaningi afaka i- header encane ekuqaleni kwepakethe ngalinye ukugcina ulwazi mayelana nomthumeli womlayezo nendawo okuhlosiwe kuyo. Amanye ama-protocol ahlanganisa unyawo ekupheleni. Inqubo ngayinye yenethiwekhi inekhono lokubona imilayezo yohlobo lwayo futhi isebenze izinhloko nezinyawo njengengxenye yokuhambisa idatha phakathi kwamadivayisi.
Iqembu lama-protocols enethiwekhi asebenzisana ndawonye emazingeni aphakeme nangaphansi ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi umndeni weprotocol . Abafundi bezokuxhumana bafunda ngesimo se- OSI ukuthi ngokuhlelekile bahlela imindeni yezinhlelo zenethiwekhi zibe izingxenye ezithile zokufundisa ngezinhloso.
Okuningi: Indlela I-Computer Networks isebenza ngayo - Isingeniso kumaProtocol