I-Protocol Control Message Protocol (ICMP) iyinqubo yokuxhumana yenethiwekhi ye- Inthanethi Protocol (IP) . I-ICMP idlulisela ulwazi lokulawula ngesimo senethiwekhi ngokwayo kunokudatha idatha yesicelo. Inethiwekhi ye-IP idinga ICMP ukuze isebenze kahle.
Imilayezo ye-ICMP yinhlobo oluthile lomyalezo we-IP ohlukile ku- TCP no- UDP .
Isibonelo esaziwa kakhulu se-imeyli ye-ICMP ngokusebenzayo yi-utility ping , esebenzisa i-ICMP ukuhlola izinkambu ezikude zokuphendula futhi ulinganise isikhathi sokujikeleza esiphezulu semilayezo ye-probe.
I-ICMP isekela nezinye izinsiza ezifana ne-traceroute ekhomba amadivaysi okuhambisa okuphakathi ("ama-hops") endleleni phakathi komthombo onikeziwe nokuya khona.
I-ICMP Versus ICMPv6
Incazelo yasekuqaleni ye-ICMP isekela amanethiwekhi we-Intanethi ye-Inthanethi Protocol 4 (IPv4). I-IPv6 ifaka ifomu elibuyekeziwe leprotocol elibizwa ngokuthi i-ICMPv6 ukuze lihlukanise ne-ICMP yangempela (ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa nge-ICMPv4).
Izinhlobo ze-ICMP Message and Formats Formats
Imiyalezo ye-ICMP ithwala idatha ebalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekuphathweni kwenethiwekhi yekhompyutha. I-protocol ibika ngezimo ezifana namadivayisi angaphenduli, amaphutha okudlulisela, nezinkinga zokuxhuma kwenethiwekhi.
Njengamanye ama-protocols emndenini we-IP, I-ICMP ichaza inhloko yomlayezo. Inhloko iqukethe amasimu amane ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Thayipha (ama-8 bits )
- Ikhodi (8 ama-bits)
- I-Checksum (ama-16 bits)
- I-ICMP Data (ama-32 bits)
I-ICMP ichaza uhlu lwezinhlobo ezithile zomlayezo futhi inikeza inombolo eyingqayizivele ngayinye.
Njengoba kuboniswe etafuleni elingezansi, i-ICMPv4 ne-ICMPv6 inikeza izinhlobo zomlayezo ezivamile (kodwa ngokuvamile zinezinombolo ezahlukene) kanye neminye imilayezo eyingqayizivele ngayinye. (Izinhlobo zomlayezo ezivamile zingashintsha kancane ekuziphatheni kwazo phakathi kwezinguqulo ze-IP).
| v4 # | v6 # | Thayipha | Incazelo |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 129 | Echo Phendula | Umlayezo uthunyelwe ekuphenduleni isicelo se-Echo (bheka ngezansi) |
| 3 | 1 | Indawo engatholakali | Kuthunyelwe ekuphenduleni umlayezo we-IP ungaphenduliwe nganoma yiziphi izizathu ezihlukahlukene. |
| 4 | - | Source Quench | Idivayisi ingathumela lo mlayezo kumthumeli odala ithrekhi engenayo ngesilinganiso esisheshayo kunalokho angasetshenziswa. (Kuphakanyiswe ezinye izindlela.) |
| 5 | 137 | Phinda uqondise umlayezo | Amadivayisi wokuhambisa angaveza le ndlela uma bebona ushintsho kumzila oceliwe womlayezo we-IP kufanele ushintshwe. |
| 8 | 128 | Isicelo se-Echo | Umlayezo othunyelwe ngamasevisi we-ping ukuhlola ukuphendula kwedivayisi eqondisiwe |
| 11 | 3 | Isikhathi siphelile | Ama-Routers akhiqize lo mlayezo uma idatha engenayo ifinyelele umkhawulo wokubala "we-hop". Isetshenziswa yi-traceroute. |
| 12 | - | Inkinga yeParametha | Ikhiqizwa uma idivayisi ithola idatha enonakele noma elahlekile kumlayezo we-IP ongenayo. |
| 13, 14 | - | Isikhathi sesikhathi (Cela, Phendula) | Yakhelwe ukuvumelanisa amawashi wesikhathi phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili nge-IPv4, (Iphakanyiswa ezinye izindlela ezithembekile.) |
| - | 2 | Iphakethe Elikhulu Kakhulu | Ama-Routers enza lo mlayezo uma ethola umlayezo ongeke uthunyelwe endaweni oya kuyo ngenxa yokudlula umkhawulo ubude. |
Le protocol igcwalisa amakhodi wekhodi nekhodi ye-ICMP kuye ngohlobo lomyalezo okhethiwe ukwabelana ngolwazi olwengeziwe. Isibonelo, umlayezo ongatholakali we-Destination ungaba namanani amaningi wekhodi weKhodi kuye ngokuthi isimo sokwehluleka.