Incazelo yenkambiso yokumisa imenyu eguquguqukayo
I-DHCP (i-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) yinkambiso esetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngokusheshayo, okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokuphathwa okuphakathi kokusabalalisa amakheli e- IP ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi.
I-DHCP isetshenziselwa ukulungisa i- subnet mask efanele, indlela yokuzenzakalelayo , nolwazi lwe- DNS yeseva kudivayisi.
Indlela i-DHCP isebenza ngayo
Iseva ye-DHCP isetshenziselwa ukukhipha amakheli e-IP ahlukile futhi ulungiselele ngokuzenzakalelayo olunye ulwazi lwedatha. Emakhaya amaningi namabhizinisi amancane, i- router isebenza njengesiphakeli se-DHCP. Emanethiwekhi amakhulu, ikhompyutha eyodwa ingase isebenze njengesiphakeli se-DHCP.
Ngamafuphi, inqubo ihamba kanje: Idivaysi (iklayenti) icela ikheli le-IP elivela ku-router (umphathi), emva kwalokho umnikazi ubeka ikheli le-IP elitholakalayo ukuvumela iklayenti ukuthi ikhulume kwinethiwekhi. Imininingwane eminingana engezansi ...
Uma idivayisi ivaliwe futhi ixhunyiwe kunethiwekhi enesiphakeli se-DHCP, izothumela isicelo kuseva, esibizwa ngokuthi isicelo se-DHCPDISCOVER.
Ngemuva kokuthi iphakethe le-DISCOVER lifinyelele kuseva le-DHCP, iseva izama ukubambelela ekhelini le-IP elizosetshenziswa yidivayisi, bese inikeza iklayenti ikheli eliphethe iphakethe le-DHCPOFFER.
Uma isikhangiso senzelwe ikheli le-IP ekhethiwe, idivayisi isabela kwisiphakeli se-DHCP ngephakhethi ye-DHCPREQUEST ukuyamukela, emva kwalokho iseva ithumela i-ACK esetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi inekheli elilodwa le-IP futhi lichaza Isikhathi sesikhathi ukuthi idivayisi ingasebenzisa ikheli ngaphambi kokuthola entsha.
Uma iseva inquma ukuthi idivayisi ayikwazi ukuba nekheli le-IP, lizothumela i-NACK.
Konke lokhu, nakanjani, kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu futhi akudingeki ukwazi noma iyiphi imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe osuvele ufunde ukuze uthole ikheli le-IP kusuka kwiseva ye-DHCP.
Qaphela: Ukubuka okuningiliziwe nakakhulu kuma-packet ahlukene ahilelekile kule nqubo kungasetshenziswa ekhasini le-DHCP lezisekelo ze-Microsoft.
Imikhiqizo kanye neNgcono yokusebenzisa i-DHCP
Ikhomputha, noma iyiphi enye idivayisi exhuma kunethiwekhi (yendawo noma i-intanethi), kufanele ilungiselelwe kahle ukuxhumana kuleyo nethiwekhi. Njengoba i-DHCP ivumela ukuthi ukucushwa kwenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo, kusetshenziselwa cishe yonke idivayisi exhuma kwinethiwekhi kufaka phakathi amakhompiyutha, ukushintshwa , ama-smartphones, izinqola zokudlala, njll.
Ngenxa yalesi sabelo sekheli le-IP , kunethuba eliphansi lokuthi amadivaysi amabili azoba nekheli le-IP elifanayo , okulula kakhulu ukungena lapho usebenzisa amakheli we-IP anikezwe ngesandla ngesandla.
Ukusebenzisa i-DHCP futhi kwenza inethiwekhi ibe lula kakhulu ukuphatha. Kusuka kokubuka kwezokuphatha, yonke idivayisi enethiwekhi ingathola ikheli le-IP elingenalutho kunezilungiselelo zabo zenethiwekhi ezizenzakalelayo, ezisethwe ukuze zithole ikheli ngokuzenzakalelayo. Okunye kuphela okunye ukunikeza ngesandla amakheli kudivayisi ngayinye kunethiwekhi.
Ngenxa yokuthi la madivayisi angathola ikheli le-IP ngokuzenzekelayo, angakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekile kusuka kunethiwekhi eyodwa kuya kwenye (enikeziwe ukuthi wonke amisiwe nge-DHCP) futhi athole ikheli le-IP ngokuzenzekelayo, eliwusizo kakhulu kumadivayisi eselula.
Ezimweni eziningi, uma idivayisi inekheli le-IP elinikezwe iseva ye-DHCP, lelo kheli le-IP lizoshintsha njalo lapho idivayisi ifaka inethiwekhi. Uma amakheli e-IP abelwe ngesandla, kusho ukuthi ukuphathwa akumele nje unikeze ikheli elithile kumaklayenti amasha ngalinye, kodwa amakheli akhona asevele abelwe kumele abe ngabomuntu abangeke abelwe noma iyiphi enye idivayisi ukusebenzisa lelo kheli elifanayo. Lokhu akukona isikhathi esiningi kuphela, kodwa ukuhlela ngesandla idivaysi ngayinye futhi kwandisa amathuba okusebenza amaphutha abenziwe ngabantu.
Nakuba kunezinzuzo eziningi zokusebenzisa i-DHCP, nakanjani kunezimo ezinzima. I-Dynamic, ukushintsha amakheli e-IP akufanele isetshenziselwe amadivayisi asemisiwe futhi adinga ukufinyelelwa okuqhubekayo, njengamaphrinta namaseva wefayela.
Nakuba amadivaysi afana nalawo akhona ezindaweni eziningi zehhovisi, akunakwenzeka ukuwabela ngekheli le-IP elishintshayo njalo. Isibonelo, uma iphrinta yenethiwekhi inekheli le-IP elizoshintsha esikhathini esizayo, ngakho wonke amakhompyutha axhunyiwe kuleyo phrinta kuzodingeka avuselele izilungiselelo zabo njalo ukuze amakhompyutha abo aqonde ukuthi angathintana kanjani nephrinta.
Lolu hlobo lokusetha aludingekile kakhulu futhi lungagwenywa kalula ngokungasebenzisi i-DHCP kulawo madivayisi, kodwa esikhundleni sokubanika ikheli le-IP eliyisimanje kubo.
Umqondo ofanayo uqala ukudlala uma udinga ukutholakala okukude kwikhompyutha kwinethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya. Uma i-DHCP inikwe amandla, leyo khompyutha izothola ikheli elisha le-IP ngesikhathi esithile, okusho lowo orekhodile njengale khompyutha enayo, ngeke ibe nenembile isikhathi eside. Uma usebenzisa isofthiwe yokufinyelela esilawuli kude esithembele ekufinyeleleni kwekheli le-IP, kuzodingeka usebenzise ikheli le-IP static yalolo divayisi.
Ulwazi olungaphezulu ku-DHCP
Iseva ye-DHCP ichaza ububanzi, noma ububanzi , bekheli le-IP elisetshenziselwa ukukhonza amadivaysi anekheli. Leli gumbi lamakheli yindlela kuphela idivayisi engayithola ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi evumelekile.
Lesi esinye isizathu sokuthi i-DHCP iwusizo kakhulu - ngoba ivumela amadivayisi amaningi ukuxhuma kwinethiwekhi esikhathini esithile ngaphandle kokudinga i-pool enkulu yamakheli atholakalayo. Isibonelo, noma ngabe amakheli angu-20 kuphela achazwa iseva le-DHCP, ama-30, 50, noma ngisho nama-200 (noma ngaphezulu) amadivaysi angakwazi ukuxhumeka kunethiwekhi uma nje abangaphezu kuka-20 basebenzisa elinye lekheli le-IP elifanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-DHCP inikezela amakheli e-IP isikhathi esithile (isikhathi sokuqashisa ), ukusebenzisa imiyalo efana ne- ipconfig ukuthola ikheli le-IP yekhompiyutha yakho iyoletha imiphumela ehlukene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Yize i-DHCP isetshenziselwa ukuletha amakheli we-IP ashukumisayo kumaklayenti ayo, akusho ukuthi amakheli e-static IP angeke asetshenziswe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ingxube yamadivaysi athola amakheli ashukumisayo namadivayisi anamakheli abo we-IP abelwe wona, angabe esekhona kwinethiwekhi efanayo.
Ngisho i- ISP isebenzisa i-DHCP ukwabela amakheli e-IP. Lokhu kungabonakala uma kubonakala ikheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi . Kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokuthi inethiwekhi yakho yekhaya inamakheli we-IP, okuyinto evame kuphela yinkampani yamabhizinisi afinyelela emphakathini.
Ku-Windows, i- APIPA inikeza ikheli le-IP lesikhashana lapho iseva ye-DHCP ihluleka ukuletha eyodwa esebenza kudivayisi, futhi isebenzisa leli kheli uze lithole elisebenzayo.
Iqembu le-Dynamic Host Configuration Working Group le-Internet Engineering Task Force ladala i-DHCP.