Ukuphendula nge-IP yangasese ngokuzenzakalelayo (APIPA) kuyindlela yokwesekwa kwe- DHCP ye-Intanethi ye-Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) esekelwa yi-Microsoft Windows. Nge-APIPA, amakhasimende we-DHCP angathola amakheli e-IP uma amaseva e-DHCP engasebenzi. I-APIPA ikhona kuzo zonke izinguqulo zesimanje ze-Windows kufaka phakathi i-Windows 10.
I-APIPA isebenza kanjani
Amanethiwekhi asethelwe ukukhulumisana okunamandla kuncike kuseva le-DHCP ukuphatha echibini lamakheli e-IP wendawo atholakalayo. Noma nini lapho idivayisi ye-Windows iklayenti izama ukujoyina inethiwekhi yendawo, ixhumana ne-DHCP iseva ukucela ikheli layo le-IP. Uma iseva ye-DHCP iyeka ukusebenza, inethiwekhi ye-glitch iphazamisa isicelo, noma ukukhishwa okuthile kwenzeka kudivayisi ye-Windows, le nqubo ingahluleka.
Uma inqubo ye-DHCP ihluleka, iWindows yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ikheli le-IP kusuka ebangeni langasese 169.254.0.1 kuya ku- 169.254.255.254 . Ukusebenzisa i- ARP , amaklayenti aqinisekisa ikheli le-APIPA elikhethiwe lihlukile kunethiwekhi ngaphambi kokunquma ukusebenzisa. Amakhasimende aqhubeka ahlola emuva nge-DHCP iseva ngesikhathi sokuvala (ngokuvamile imizuzu emihlanu) futhi ubuyekeze amakheli abo ngokuzenzekelayo uma iseva ye-DHCP iphinda ikwazi ukusiza izicelo.
Wonke amadivayisi we-APIPA asebenzisa i-mask yenethiwekhi ezenzakalelayo 255.255.0.0 futhi wonke ahlala ngaphansi kwe- subnet efanayo.
I-APIPA inikwe amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-Windows noma kunini lapho isikhombimsebenzisi se-PC esilungiselelwe i-DHCP. Ezingxenyeni ze-Windows ezifana ne- ipconfig , le nketho ibizwa nangokuthi "I-Autoconfiguration." Isici singakhutshazwa ngumlawuli wekhompiyutha ngokuhlela i-Windows Registry futhi ulungise inani elilandelayo eliyinhloko ku-0:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE / SYSTEM / CurrentControlSet / Amasevisi / TcpipParameters / IPAutoconfigurationIvuliwe
Abaqondisi benethiwekhi (nabasebenzisi bekhompyutha abakwa-savvy) baqaphela amakheli akhethekile njengenhluleka kwinqubo ye-DHCP. Bakhombisa ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga zenethiwekhi kuyadingeka ukukhomba nokuxazulula inkinga (ama) ukuvimbela i-DHCP ukuthi ingasebenzi kahle.
Ukulinganiselwa kwe-APIPA
Ama-APIPA amakheli angangeni kunoma yimaphi amakheli ekheli le-IP elizimele elichazwa yi-standard Protocol ye-Inthanethi kodwa namanje akhishwe ukusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi wendawo kuphela. Njengamakheli e-IP wangasese, ukuhlolwa kwe- ping noma ezinye izicelo zokuxhumeka kwi-intanethi namanye amanethiwekhi angaphandle akunakwenziwa kumadivayisi we-APIPA ngokuqondile.
Amadivayisi we-APIPA amisiwe angakwazi ukuxhumana namadivaysi oontanga kunethiwekhi yendawo kodwa akakwazi ukuxhumana ngaphandle kwawo. Ngenkathi i-APIPA inikeza amaklayenti e-Windows ikheli le-IP elisebenzisekayo, alihlinzeki iklayenti nge nameserver (i- DNS noma i- WINS ) namakheli wesango lensiza njenge-DHCP.
Amanethiwekhi wendawo akumelwe azame ukunika ngesandla amakheli ku-APIPA uhlangothi ezinye izingxabano zekheli le-IP zizoholela. Ukuze kugcinwe i-APIPA inzuzo ekuboniseni ukuhluleka kwe-DHCP, abaphathi kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa lawo amakheli nganoma iyiphi enye inhloso futhi kunalokho banciphise amanethiwekhi abo ukusebenzisa amareythi ejwayelekile we-IP.