Ikheli le-MAC limelela isihlonzi esingokwenyama se-adaptha yenethiwekhi, kanti ikheli le-IP limelela ikheli lwedivayisi enengqondo kumanethiwekhi e- TCP / IP . Kuzimo ezithile ezithile kuphela umsebenzisi wekhasimende angakwazi ukubona ikheli le-IP elihambisana ne-adaptha uma wazi kuphela ikheli le-MAC.
I-ARP nokunye Ukusekelwa kweProgramu ye-TCP / IP yekheli le-MAC
Manje izivumelwano ze-TCP / IP ezingapheli ezibizwa ngokuthi i-RARP (i-Reverse ARP) ne-InARP zingathola amakheli e-IP kusuka kumakheli we-MAC. Ukusebenza kwabo kuyingxenye ye- DHCP . Ngenkathi ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwe-DHCP kuphatha kokubili idatha ye-MAC ne-IP, le protocol ayivumeli abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele kulowo datha.
Isici esakhelwe ngaphakathi kwe-TCP / IP, ikheli le-Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) lihumusha amakheli e-IP kumakheli e-MAC. I-ARP ayenzelwe ukuhumusha amakheli ngakolunye uhlangothi, kodwa idatha yayo ingasiza ezimweni ezithile.
Ukusekelwa kwe-ARP ye-Cache yamakheli we-MAC ne-IP
I-ARP igcina uhlu lwamakheli we-IP namakheli afanayo we-MAC okuthiwa i- ARP cache . Lezi zinqolobane zitholakala kuma-adapter enethiwekhi ngabanye futhi nakuma- routers . Kusukela ku-cache kungenzeka ukuthi uthole ikheli le-IP kusuka kwekheli le-MAC; Kodwa-ke, lo mshini ulinganiselwe ngezindlela eziningi.
Amadivayisi we-Intanethi ye-Intanethi athola amakheli ngokusebenzisa imiyalezo ye-Inthanethi Control Message Protocol (ICMP) (njengalezo ezibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwemilayezo ye- ping ). Ukubheka idivayisi esilawuliwe kusuka kunoma iyiphi iklayenti kuzoqala isibuyekezo se-ARP cache kudivayisi ecelayo.
Ku-Windows nakwamanye amahlelo wokusebenza wenethiwekhi , umyalo we- "arp" unikeza ukufinyelela ku-cache ye-ARP yendawo. Ku-Windows, isibonelo, ukuthayipha i- "arp -a" kumyalo (DOS) ngokushesha uzobonisa konke okufakwayo kuleyo cache yekhompyutha ye-ARP. Leli cache lingase lingabi nalutho ngezinye izikhathi kuye ngokuthi indlela inethiwekhi yendawo ilungisiwe ngayo, Ngcono, i-cache ye-ARP yedivayisi yekhasimende iqukethe ukungena kwamanye amakhompyutha ku- LAN .
Ama- router amaningi asekhaya avumela ukubuka ama-caches abo e-ARP ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi sabo se-console. Lesi sici sikhombisa kokubili ikheli le-IP ne-MAC kuwo wonke amadivaysi okwamanje ajoyine inethiwekhi yasendlini. Qaphela ukuthi i-routers ayilondolozi ukumakheka kwekheli le-IP-to-MAC kwamaklayenti kwamanye amanethiwekhi eceleni kwawo. Ukungenelela kumadivaysi akude kungabonakala ohlwini lwe-ARP kodwa amakheli we-MAC aboniswe abe ngumzila wenethiwekhi eyikude, hhayi idivayisi yangempela iklayenti ngemuva komzila.
Isofthiwe Yokuphatha Yedivaysi Ekhuluma Ngezinkampani Zomabhizinisi
Amanethiwekhi wamakhompyutha amakhulu amakhulu axazulula inkinga yemephu yekheli le-MAC-to-IP yonke ngokufaka ama-software ephathekayo wokuphatha ama-software kumakhasimende abo. Lezi zinhlelo ze-software, ezisekelwe ku- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) , zifaka ikhono lokutholakala kwenethiwekhi . Lezi zinhlelo ezithuthukisa imilayezo eya ku-ejenti kunoma iyiphi idivayisi yenethiwekhi isicelo sezobili ikheli le-IP ne-MAC lensiza. Isistimu ithola bese igcina imiphumela etafuleni elihle elihlukile kunoma iyiphi i-ARP eyodwa cache.
Izinkampani ezilawula ngokugcwele ama- intranethi wazo ezizimele zisebenzisa isofthiwe yokuphatha inethiwekhi njengendlela (ngezinye izikhathi ezibizayo) yokuphatha i-hardware yeklayenti (eyabo futhi). Amadivaysi omthengi ejwayelekile njengamakholi angenawo ama-SNMP ama-imeyli afakwe, ama-router yenethiwekhi yasendlini ayasebenza njengama-consolation ye-SNMP.