Iyini i-Computer Operating System?
Amakhompiyutha asebenzisa isofthiwe esezantsi ebizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza (O / S) ukusiza abantu basebenze imishini yemvelo. I-O / S yenza uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo (olubizwa ngokuthi "izinhlelo") kanye nokwakha izinhlelo ezintsha. Isofthiwe yesistimu yokusebenza ayiqhubi nje kuma-laptop amakhompyutha kodwa nakumafoni omakhalekhukhwini, ama-routers enethiwekhi nezinye izinto okuthiwa zifakiwe.
Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza
Amakhulu ezinhlelo ezahlukene zokusebenza zekhompyutha asethuthukile eminyakeni eminingi yizinkampani, amanyuvesi, kanye nabantu abathintekayo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezaziwa kakhulu yizo ezitholakala kuma-computer aqondene:
- Microsoft Windows
- I-Mac OS X
- Linux
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zenzelwe izinhlobo ezithile zemishini, njengokuthi
- I-Apple iOS ne-Google Android (okuhlukile kwe-Linux) - ngamakhalekhukhwini
- I-Solaris, i-HP-UX, i-DG-UX, nezinye izinto ezihlukile ze-Unix - kumakhompyutha wevava
- I-DEC VMS (i-Memory Virtual System) - kumakhompyutha we- mainframe
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zijabulela isikhathi sokuqaphela kodwa zinezintshisekelo zomlando kuphela manje:
- I-Novell Netware yayiyi-O / S ethandwayo yama-PC ngawo-1990
- I-IBM OS / 2 yayiyi-PC O / S yokuqala eyaphikisana ne-Microsoft Windows okwesikhashana kodwa yayinempumelelo emkhakheni kumthengi
- Ama-Multic kwakuyisistimu yokusebenza enhle kakhulu eyakhiwe ama-mainframes ngawo-1960, okwakuthonya ukuthuthukiswa kamuva kwe-Unix
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zenethiwekhi
I-O / S yesimanje iqukethe isofthiwe eningi esakhelwe ekwenzeni lula ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi. Isofthiwe ye-O / S ejwayelekile ifaka ukuqaliswa kwe- TCP / IP imodeli yeprotocol kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene ne-utility ezifana ne- ping ne-traceroute. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amashayeli wedivayisi adingekayo kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ukunika amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo isikhombikubona se- Ethernet yedivayisi. Amadivayisi weselula avame ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo ezidingekayo ukunika amandla i- Wi-Fi , i- Bluetooth , noma enye ukuxhumana okungenantambo.
Izinguqulo zokuqala ze-Microsoft Windows azinikeze noma yikuphi ukusekela kokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi . I-Microsoft yenezela amandla okuxhumana okuyisisekelo ohlelweni lwayo lokusebenza ngokuqala nge-Windows 95 ne-Windows for Workgroups . I-Microsoft iphinde yafaka isici sayo se- Inthanethi Connection Sharing (ICS) ku-Windows 98 Second Edition (Win98 SE), i- Windows HomeGroup yezinethiwekhi zokuxhumana ekhaya ku-Windows 7, njalonjalo. Qhathanisa nalokhu ne-Unix, eyakhiwe kusukela ekuqaleni ngokuxhuma kwenethiwekhi. Cishe nanoma imuphi umthengi O / S namuhla ufaneleka njengehlelo lokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ngenxa yokuthandwa kwe-intanethi nokuxhumana kwendawo.
Izinhlelo zokuSebenza ezifakiwe
Uhlelo okuthiwa oluhlanganisiwe lusekela ukusethwa noma okulinganiselwe kwesofthiwe yayo. Amasistimu afakiwe njengama-routers, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvamile afaka iseva yeWeb ye-Pre-configured, iseva ye- DHCP , nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza kodwa ungavumeli ukufakwa kwezinhlelo ezintsha. Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisiwe ze-routers zifaka:
- I-Cisco iOS (umsebenzi we-inthanethi osebenzayo)
- DD-WRT
- Juniper Junos
I-OS ehlanganisiwe ingatholakala futhi ngaphakathi kwenani elikhulayo lamagajethi abathengi kubandakanya amafoni (i-iPhone OS), ama-PDA (Windows CE), kanye nabadlali be-digital media (ipodlinux).