Uhlelo lokusebenza (OS) luhlelo olukuvumela ukuthi uhlanganyele nekhomputha - yonke isofthiwe ne-hardware kukhompyutheni yakho. Kanjani?
Ngokuyisisekelo, kunezindlela ezimbili.
- Ngesistimu yokusebenzisa umyalo (isib., DOS), uthayipha umyalo wombhalo futhi ikhompiyutha isabela ngokuya kulowo myalo.
- Ngesistimu yokusebenza yomdwebo womsebenzisi (i-GUI) (isib., IWindows), uxhumana nekhompiyutha ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo ngezithombe nezinkinobho ngokusebenzisa i-mouse nekhibhodi.
Nge-Unix unayo yonke indlela yokukhetha noma imigqa yokulawula (ukulawulwa okuningi nokuguquguquka) noma ama-GUI (kulula).
I-Unix ne-Windows: Amakilasi amabili Amandla Asebenzayo
Futhi banomlando wokuncintisana nekusasa. I-Unix isetshenziswa iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. Ekuqaleni kwavela umlotha womzamo ohlulekile ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokusebenza kwesikhathi sokusebenza. Abasindile abambalwa abasuka eBell Labs abazange bayeke futhi bahlakulele uhlelo olunikeze imvelo yomsebenzi echazwe ngokuthi "kokulula okulula, amandla nokuphakama".
Kusukela kumncintiswano oyinhloko ka-1980 we-Unix i-Windows iye yathola ukuthandwa ngenxa yamandla akhula ama-microcomputers aneprosesa ehambisana ne-Intel. I-Windows, ngaleso sikhathi, yayiyi-OS enkulu kuphela eyenzelwe lolu hlobo lwama-processors. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inguqulo entsha ye-Unix ebizwa nge- Linux , futhi iqhutshwe ngokukhethekile ukuze i-microcomputers, ivele. Ingatholakala mahhala ngakho-ke, ukukhetha okuzuzisa abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi.
Esikhathini esiphambili se-server, i-Unix isivale kwi-Microsoft share market. Ngonyaka we-1999, i-Linux inqamule i-Novell yeNetware eyedlule ukuze ibe uhlelo lwe-No. 2 lwesistimu yokusebenza ngemuva kwe-Windows NT. Ngo-2001 isabelo semakethe se-Linux system yokusebenza sasingamaphesenti angu-25; amanye ama- Unix flavour angu-12. Ngaphambi komaklayenti, i-Microsoft okwamanje ilawula imakethe yezinhlelo zokusebenza ngebelo elingaphezu kuka 90% lemakethe.
Ngenxa yemikhuba yokuthengisa enobudlova yakwaMicrosoft, izigidi zabasebenzisi abangazi ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lusebentise izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusebenza zeWindows ezinikwe zona lapho bethenga ama-PC abo. Abanye abaningi abazi ukuthi kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kweWindows. Kodwa ulapha ufunda i-athikili mayelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza, okusho ukuthi uzama ukwenza izinqumo ze-OS eziqaphela ukusetshenziswa kwekhaya noma izinhlangano zakho. Uma kunjalo, kufanele okungenani unikeze ukucubungula kwakho kwe-Linux / Unix, ikakhulukazi uma okulandelayo kusebenza endaweni yakho.
Izinzuzo ze-Unix
I-Unix iguquguquka kakhulu futhi ingafakwa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemishini, kuhlanganise namakhompyutha amakhulu, ama-supercomputers, namakhompiyutha amancane.
I-Unix igxilile futhi ayihlezi njalo njengoba iWindows injalo, ngakho-ke idinga ukuphathwa okungaphansi nokugcinwa.
I-Unix inezici zokuphepha ezakhiwe ngokukhululekile nakwezimvume kune-Windows.
I-Unix inamandla amakhulu okucubungula kune-Windows.
U-Unix ungumholi ekusebenzeni iWebhu. Mayelana ne-90% ye-intanethi incike kwizinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Unix ezisebenzayo i-Apache, iseva yeWebhu esetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Software kusuka ku-Microsoft kuvame ukuba umsebenzisi athenge isofthiwe entsha noma ngaphezulu noma isofthiwe efanele. Akusilo iqiniso ngo-Unix.
Amasistimu asebenzayo avulekile noma angabizi avulekile-okuvela ku- Linux ne-BSD, ngokuguquguquka kwawo nokulawula kwawo, ayathandeka kakhulu kumadijithali ekhompyutha (afisa). Abaningi bezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile basathuthukisa isofthiwe ye-state-of-the-art mahhala ngokunyakaza okusheshayo "ukunyuka komthombo ovulekile".
I-Unix iphinde iholele izindlela ezintsha zokuklama isofthiwe, njengokuxazulula izinkinga ngokuxhumanisa amathuluzi alula kunokudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu ze-monolithic.
Khumbula, akekho uhlobo olulodwa lwe-system yokusebenza olunganikeza izimpendulo zendawo yonke kuzo zonke izidingo zakho zekhompuyutha. Kungenxa yokukhetha nokwenza izinqumo ezifundisiwe.