Uhlelo lokusebenza (OS) luhlelo olukuvumela ukuthi uhlanganyele nekhomputha - yonke isofthiwe ne-hardware kukhompyutheni yakho. Kanjani?
Ngokuyisisekelo, kunezindlela ezimbili.
- Ngesistimu yokusebenzisa umyalo (isib., DOS), uthayipha umyalo wombhalo futhi ikhompiyutha isabela ngokuya kulowo myalo.
- Ngesistimu yokusebenza yomdwebo womsebenzisi (i-GUI) (isib., IWindows), uxhumana nekhompiyutha ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo ngezithombe nezinkinobho ngokusebenzisa i-mouse nekhibhodi.
Nge Unix unayo inketho yokusebenzisa noma umugqa wemiyalo (ukulawula okungaphezulu nokuguquguquka) noma ama-GUI (kulula).
Unix vs. Windows: Umlando Wokuncintisana Nekusasa
I-Microsoft Windows ne-Unix yizinkampani ezinkulu ezimbili zokusebenza. Uhlelo lwe-computer lwe-Unix lusetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. Ekuqaleni kwavela umlotha womzamo ohlulekile ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokusebenza kwesikhathi sokusebenza. Abasindile abambalwa abasuka eBell Labs abazange bayeke futhi bahlakulele uhlelo olunikeze imvelo yomsebenzi echazwe ngokuthi "kokulula okulula, amandla nokuphakama".
Kusukela kumncintiswano oyinhloko ka-Unix we-1980, i-Windows iye yathola ukuthandwa ngenxa yamandla akhula amancane amakhomphyutha amancane asebenzayo asepropy-compatible processors (CPUs), okuyinto yesikhulumi esakhiwe yiWindows. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inguqulo entsha ye-Unix ebizwa nge-Linux, futhi iqhutshwe ngokukhethekile kumakhompyutha amancane, ivele. Kungatholakala mahhala ngakho-ke, ukukhetha okuzuzisa abantu ngabanye kanye namabhizinisi ngesabelomali.
Esikhathini esiphambili se-server, i-Unix isivale kwi-Microsoft share market. Ngonyaka we-1999, i-Linux inqamule i-Novell yeNetware eyedlule ukuze ibe uhlelo lwe-No. 2 lwesistimu yokusebenza ngemuva kwe-Windows NT. Ngo-2001 isabelo semakethe se-Linux system yokusebenza sasingamaphesenti angu-25; amanye ama-Unix flavour angu-12. Ngaphambi komaklayenti, i-Microsoft okwamanje ilawula imakethe yezinhlelo zokusebenza ngebelo elingaphezu kuka 90% lemakethe.
Ngenxa yemikhuba yokuthengisa enobudlova yakwaMicrosoft, izigidi zabasebenzisi abangazi ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lusebentise izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusebenza zeWindows ezinikwe zona lapho bethenga ama-PC abo. Abanye abaningi bamane abaqapheli ukuthi kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kweWindows. Wena, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ulapha ufunda lesi sihloko futhi mhlawumbe uzama ukwenza izinqumo ze-OS eziqaphela ukusetshenziswa komkhaya noma inhlangano yakho. Uma kunjalo, kufanele okungenani unike u-Unix ukucabangela kwakho, ikakhulukazi uma okulandelayo kusebenza endaweni yakho.
Izinzuzo ze-Unix
- I-Unix iguquguquka kakhulu futhi ingafakwa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemishini, kuhlanganise namakhompyutha amakhulu, ama-supercomputers, namakhompiyutha amancane.
- I-Unix igxilile futhi ayihlezi njalo njengoba iWindows injalo, ngakho-ke idinga ukuphathwa okungaphansi nokugcinwa.
- I-Unix inezici zokuphepha ezakhiwe ngokukhululekile nakwezimvume kune-Windows.
- I-Unix inamandla amakhulu okucubungula kune-Windows.
- U-Unix ungumholi ekusebenzeni iWebhu. Cishe amaphesenti angama-90 e-Inthanethi athembele kuma-operating systems ase-Unix asebenza ku-Apache, iseva yeWebhu esetshenzisiwe kakhulu emhlabeni, engesihle.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Software kusuka ku-Microsoft kuvame ukuba umsebenzisi athenge isofthiwe entsha noma ngaphezulu noma isofthiwe efanele. Akusilo iqiniso ngo-Unix.
- Amasistimu e-open-source avulekile noma angabizi kakhulu, okusebenza njenge-Linux ne-BSD, ngokuguquguquka kwawo nokulawula kwawo, abonakala ekhangisa kakhulu (abafisa) abahlakaniphile bekhompyutha. Abaningi bezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile basathuthukisa isofthiwe ye-state-of-the-art mahhala ngokunyakaza okusheshayo okunyuka "ukunyuka komthombo ovulekile".
- I-Unix iphinde iholele izindlela ezintsha zokuklama isofthiwe, njengokuxazulula izinkinga ngokuxhumanisa amathuluzi alula kunokudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu ze-monolithic.
Khumbula , akekho uhlobo olulodwa lwe-system yokusebenza olunganikeza izimpendulo zendawo yonke kuzo zonke izidingo zakho zekhompuyutha. Kungenxa yokukhetha nokwenza izinqumo ezifundisiwe.