Isiphequluli sewebhu sisetshenziselwa ukubonisa okuqukethwe kweseva yeWebhu
Iziphequluli zewebhu njengezinga le-Internet Explorer, i-Firefox, le-Chrome, ne-Safari phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zenethiwekhi ezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Basetshenziselwa ukuphequlula ulwazi oluyisisekelo kodwa futhi nangezinye izidingo ezihlukahlukene ezifaka ezitolo ze-inthanethi nokudlala okungajwayelekile.
Amaseva weWebhu yilokho okunikeza okuqukethwe kweziphequluli zewebhu; lokho okushiwo isiphequluli, iseva ivula ngokusebenzisa uxhumano lwenethiwekhi ye-intanethi.
I-Client-Server Network Design kanye neWebhu
Iziphequluli zewebhu nezinsizakalo zewebhu zisebenza ndawonye njengesistimu ye- client-server . Ekuxhumaneni kwenethiwekhi, iklayenti-iseva iyindlela ejwayelekile yokuklama izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho idatha igcinwa ezindaweni eziphakathi (amakhompyutha wesiphakeli) futhi yabelana ngempumelelo nanoma iyiphi inamba yamanye amakhompyutha (amaklayenti) ngesicelo. Zonke iziphequluli zewebhu zisebenza njengezaklayenti ezicela ulwazi kusuka kumawebhusayithi (amaseva).
Amaklayenti amaningi we-web browser angacela idatha kusuka kuwebhusayithi efanayo. Izicelo zingenzeka ngazo zonke izikhathi ezahlukene noma ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izinhlelo ze-Client-server zibiza ngokuqondile zonke izicelo zendawo efanayo ezosingathwa yi-server eyodwa. Ngokwenzayo, noma kunjalo, ngoba umthamo wezicelo kumaseva wewebhu ungase ukhule kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi amaseva wewebhu akhiwe njengebhodi lokusakaza lamakhompyutha amaningi e-server.
Emawebhusayithi amakhulu kakhulu athandwa emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, leli bhubhu le-server lewebhu lihanjiswa ngokwezwe ukuze kusize ukuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuphendula kuziphequluli. Uma iseva isondelene nedivayisi ecela, izobe ilandele ukuthi isikhathi esithathayo ukuletha okuqukethwe sisheshe kunokuba ngabe iseva yayikude kakhulu.
Izintandokazi zenethiwekhi ze-Browsers Web kanye namaSeva
Iziphequluli zewebhu kanye namaseva ukuxhumana nge- TCP / IP . I-Transfer Protocol ye-Transfer Protocol (HTTP) iyinqubo ejwayelekile yokusebenza yesicelo phezulu kwe-TCP / IP izicelo zesiphequluli sewebhu kanye nezimpendulo zeseva.
Iziphequluli zewebhu zithembela ku- DNS ukusebenza nama- URL . Lezi zindinganiso ze-protocol zinikeza amandla ahlukene ama-browsers web ukuze axhumane nemikhiqizo ehlukene yamaseva wewebhu ngaphandle kokungena lolokukhethi olukhethekile ngenhlanganisela ngayinye.
Njengomgwaqo omkhulu we-intanethi, isiphequluli sewebhu kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-server ngokuvamile kuvambela uchungechunge lwezindlela zokuxhumana zenethiwekhi eziphakathi.
Isikhathi sokuqala sokuphequlula iwebhu sisebenza kanje:
- Umsebenzisi ucacisa i-URL esipheqululini sabo (noma kusuka kubhukhimakhi noma ngokuyifaka)
- Isiphequluli siqala uxhumano lwe-TCP kwisiphakeli sewebhu noma i-server yamanzi (usebenzisa i-port 80 ngokuzenzakalelayo) ngekheli layo le-IP njengoba lishicilelwe ku-DNS. Njengengxenye yale nqubo, isiphequluli senza izicelo ze-DNS zokubheka ukuguqula i-URL ekhelini le-IP
- Ngemuva kokuthi iseva igcwalise ukuvuma koxhumano lwayo lwe-TCP, isiphequluli sithumela izicelo ze-HTTP kuseva ukuthola okuqukethwe
- Ngemuva kokuthi iseva iphendula ngokuqukethwe kwekhasi, isiphequluli siyayisusa kumaphakethe we-HTTP futhi iyayibonisa ngokufanele. Okuqukethwe kungabandakanya ama-URL afakwe emabhanini wokukhangisa noma okunye okuqukethwe okwesithathu, okwenza ukuthi isiphequluli sikhiphe izicelo ezintsha zokuxhumana ku-TCP kulezo zindawo. Isiphequluli singalondoloza ulwazi lwesikhashana mayelana nokuxhumana kwalo kumafayela asendaweni kwikhompyutha yeklayenti ebizwa ngokuthi amakhukhi
- Noma yimiphi amaphutha ehlangene ngesikhathi sokucela okuqukethwe kungaboniswa njengemigqa yesimo se-HTTP