I-Domain Name System (DNS) ihumusha amagama e- intanethi kanye namagama ehostela kumakheli e- IP futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
E-intanethi, i-DNS iguqula ngokuzenzakalelayo phakathi kwamagama esiwafake kubha yekheli lewebhu lesiphequluli kumakheli e-IP amaseva weWeb host abamba lawo masayithi. Izinkampani ezinkulu zisebenzisa iDNS ukuphatha i- intranet yazo yenkampani. Amanethiwekhi asekhaya asebenzisa i-DNS uma ufinyelela kwi-Intanethi kodwa angayisebenzisi ekuphatheni amagama amakhompyutha asekhaya.
Indlela DNS Isebenza ngayo
I-DNS yindlela yokuxhumana yenethiwekhi yamakhasimende / iseva : Amakhasimende e-DNS athumela izicelo futhi athola izimpendulo ezivela kumaseva e- DNS . Izicelo eziqukethe igama, ezenza ikheli le-IP libuyiselwe kusuka kuseva, kuthiwa yi- DNS lookups phambili. Izicelo eziqukethe ikheli le-IP futhi ezenza igama, okuthiwa i- reverse Doku lookups, nazo zisekelwa. I-DNS isebenzisa imininingwane egciniwe yokugcina leli gama nolwazi lokugcina lwamakheli lwazo zonke izintandokazi zomphakathi ku-Intanethi.
Idatha yedatha ye-DNS ihlala esihlalweni sobukhosi samaseva e-database ekhethekile. Uma amaklayenti afana neziphequluli ze-Web ukukhishwa kwezicelo ezibandakanya amagama e-intanethi, isici se-software (ngokuvamile esakhiwe kwisistimu yokusebenza kwenethiwekhi) esibizwa ngokuthi i- DNS resolver kuqala uxhumane ne-DNS iseva ukucacisa ikheli le-IP leseva. Uma iseva ye-DNS ingenayo imephu edingekayo, izophinde idlulisele isicelo ku-server ehlukile ye-DNS ezingeni eliphakeme elilandelayo ekubuseni. Ngemuva kokuthumela imiyalezo eminingana yokuthunyelwa kanye nokuthunyelwa ngaphakathi kwe-DNS, ikheli le-IP lomnikazi obanikeziwe ligcina lifika ku-resolver, futhi liphinde ligcwalise isicelo ku- Inthanethi Protocol .
I-DNS ngokungeziwe ihlanganisa ukusekelwa kwezicelo ze- caching kanye nokubuyiswa kwe- redundancy . Izinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza kwenethiwekhi zisekela ukucushwa kwamaseva e-DNS ayisisekelo, aphezulu, futhi aphakeme, okuyilowo nalowo angakhonza izicelo zokuqala kusuka kumakhasimende.
Ukusetha i-DNS kumadivayisi womuntu namaKhaya Ekhaya
Abahlinzeki Besevisi Ye-intanethi (i-ISPs) balondoloza amaseva abo e-DNS futhi basebenzisa i- DHCP ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amanethiwekhi awo, isevisi ye-DNS yeseva ngokuzenzakalelayo ikhulula izindlu zomthwalo wokulungiswa kwe-DNS. Abalawuli benethiwekhi yasekhaya akudingeki ukuba bagcine izilungiselelo zabo ze-ISPs, noma kunjalo. Abanye bakhetha ukusebenzisa enye yezinsiza zesevisi ze-Inthanethi ze-DNS zomphakathi kunalokho. Izinsizakalo ze-DNS zomphakathi zenzelwe ukunikeza ukusebenza okungcono nokuthembela kulokho i-ISP ejwayelekile ingahlinzeka ngendlela efanele.
Ama- routers asekhaya asekhaya kanye namanye amadivaysi esangweni lamasethingi esitolo se-DNS ayisisekelo, esesekondari nasesiphakeme ye-IP yenethiwekhi futhi abanike amadivaysi eklayenti njengoba kudingeka. Abaphathi bangakhetha ukufaka amakheli ngesandla noma ukuzithola kusuka ku-DHCP. Amakheli angabuyekezwa kudivayisi yeklayenti ngokusebenzisa amamenyu awo wokuhlela uhlelo lokusebenza.
Izinkinga ezine-DNS zingaba ziphakathi futhi kunzima ukuxazulula izinkinga zinikezwe indawo yayo yokusabalalisa. Amakhasimende angakwazi ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi yabo yendawo uma i-DNS iphukile, kodwa ngeke bakwazi ukufinyelela kumadivayisi akude ngegama labo. Lapho izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi yedivayisi iklayenti ibonisa amakheli we-DNS iseva ka- 0.0.0.0 , ibonisa ukwehluleka nge-DNS noma ngokucushwa kwayo kwinethiwekhi yendawo.